Top

Gepubliceerd in:

20-12-2023 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Big Five of Mindfulness and Personality: Cross-Cultural Network Analysis

Auteurs: Anja Roemer, Matti Cervin, Angela Medvedeva, Adrian J. Bravo, Oleg N. Medvedev

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 1/2024

Abstract

Objectives

Research on personality seeks to understand what makes people similar or distinct from another. However, there is still a limited understanding of processes that underpin an individual’s personality, such as interactions with other psychological dispositions such as trait mindfulness. Elucidating the unique relationships between mindfulness and personality traits with network analysis can lead to a better understanding of how dispositional traits may interact with one another and thus contribute to new insights into human behaviour.

Method

Large multinational samples completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Big Five Personality Inventory, with a total sample size of 3,736. Exploratory network analysis was conducted with a random half of the US sample (n = 977). Distinct network patterns were then tested in a confirmatory way in the other half of the US sample (n = 978) and samples from England (n = 216), Canada (n = 781), Spain (n = 466) and Argentina (n = 318).

Results

In all countries, Conscientiousness was more strongly related to Acting with Awareness compared to all other mindfulness facets. Extraversion was strongly related to Describing while Openness was strongly related to Observing in all countries, except in Canada and Argentina. Emotional Stability was related to Nonreacting, Nonjudging, and Acting with Awareness in all countries except Argentina where these links were weaker.

Conclusions

This study showed remarkable cross-national consistencies in the associations between personality factors and mindfulness facets, which could inform future research and intervention studies.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

vorige artikel The Acute Effects of Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditations on Prospective Memory in Older Adults

volgende artikel Irrelevant Emotional Information Does Not Modulate Response Conflict in Mindfulness Meditators

Anchorena, M. N., Ghiglione, F., & Nader, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in an Argentine sample. Archives of Assessment Psychology, 7(1), 29–41.

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504.CrossRefPubMed

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Duggan, D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003.CrossRefPubMed

Bravo, A. J., Prince, M. A., Pilatti, A., Mezquita, L., Keough, M. T., & Hogarth, L. (2021). Young adult concurrent use and simultaneous use of alcohol and marijuana: A cross-national examination among college students in seven countries. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100373.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822.CrossRefPubMed

Carlo, G., Okun, M. A., Knight, G. P., & de Guzman, M. R. T. (2005). The interplay of traits and motives on volunteering: Agreeableness, extraversion and prosocial value motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(6), 1293–1305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.08.012.CrossRef

Cebolla, A., García-Palacios, A., Soler, J., Guillen, V., Baños, R., & Botella, C. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the five facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). European Journal of Psychiatry, 26(2), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632012000200005.CrossRef

Chirkov, V. I. (2008). Culture, personal autonomy and individualism. Their relationships and implications for personal growth and well-being. In G. Zheng, K. Leung, & J. G. Adair (Eds.), Perspectives and progress in contemporary cross-cultural psychology: Proceedings from the 17th International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/iaccp_papers/10/

Chirkov, V. I., Ryan, R. M., & Willness, C. (2005). Cultural context and psychological needs in Canada and Brazil testing a self-determination approach to the internalization of cultural practices, identity, and well-being. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36(4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022105275960.CrossRef

Constantin, M., & Cramer, A. O. J. (2020). Sample size recommendations for estimating cross-sectional network models. Tilburg University.

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1997). Personality trait structures as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52(5), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509.CrossRefPubMed

de Barros, V. V., Kozasa, E. H., de Souza, I. C. W., & Ronzani, T. M. (2014). Validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Psicologia: Teoria E Pesquisa, 30(3), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722014000300009.CrossRef

de Bruin, E. I., Topper, M., Muskens, J. G. A. M., Bögels, S. M., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2012). Psychometric properties of the five facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in a meditating and a non-meditating sample. Assessment, 19(2), 187–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112446654.CrossRefPubMed

Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2012). Qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i04.CrossRef

Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-0862-1.CrossRefPubMed

Fruchterman, T. M., & Reingold, E. M. (1991). Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Software: Practice and Experience, 21(11), 1129–1164. https://doi.org/10.1002/spe.4380211102.CrossRef

Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, big five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 805–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026.CrossRef

Graham, J. W., Taylor, B. J., Olchowski, A. E., & Cumsille, P. E. (2006). Planned missing data designs in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 11(4), 323–343. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.4.323.CrossRefPubMed

Haas, B. W., & Akamatsu, Y. (2019). Psychometric investigation of the five facets of mindfulness and well-being measures in the Kingdom of Bhutan and the USA. Mindfulness, 10(7), 1339–1351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1089-7.CrossRef

Haliwa, I., Wilson, J. M., Spears, S. K., Strough, J. N., & Shook, N. J. (2021). Exploring facets of the mindful personality: Dispositional mindfulness and the big five. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110469.CrossRef

Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017). The mindful personality: A meta-analysis from a cybernetic perspective. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1456–1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hayes, N., & Joseph, S. (2003). Big 5 correlates of three measures of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(4), 723–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00057-0.CrossRef

Höllinger, F., & Smith, T. B. (2002). Religion and Esotericism among students: A cross-cultural comparative study. Journal of Contemporary Religion, 17(2), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537900220125208.CrossRef

Hou, J., Wong, S. Y. S., Lo, H. H. M., Mak, W. W. S., & Ma, H. S. W. (2014). Validation of a Chinese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Hong Kong and development of a short form. Assessment, 21(3), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113485121.CrossRefPubMed

Iwata, N., & Buka, S. (2002). Race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms: A cross-cultural/ethnic comparison among university students in East Asia, North and South America. Social Science and Medicine, 55(12), 2243–2252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00003-5.CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bpg016.CrossRef

Kaiseler, M., Levy, A., Nicholls, A. R., & Madigan, D. J. (2019). The Independent and interactive effects of the big-five personality dimensions upon dispositional coping and coping effectiveness in sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 410–426. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2017.1362459.CrossRef

Kappelmann, N., Czamara, D., Rost, N., Moser, S., Schmoll, V., Trastulla, L., Stochl, J., Lucae, S., CHARGE Inflammation working group, Binder, E. B., Khandaker, G. M., & Arloth, J. (2021). Polygenic risk for immuno-metabolic markers and specific depressive symptoms: A multi-sample network analysis study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 95, 256–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.024.

Krägeloh, C. U., Henning, M. A., Medvedev, O. N., Feng, X. J., Moir, F., Billington, R., & Siegert, R. J. (2019). Mindfulness-Based Intervention Research: Characteristics, Approaches, and Developments. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315545875.

Latzman, R. D., & Masuda, A. (2013). Examining mindfulness and psychological inflexibility within the framework of big five personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.019.CrossRef

Lecuona, O., García-Rubio, C., de Rivas, S., Moreno-Jiménez, J. E., Meda-Lara, R. M., & Rodríguez-Carvajal, R. (2021). A network analysis of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Mindfulness, 12(9), 2281–2294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01704-7.CrossRef

Medvedev, O. N., Norden, P. A., Krägeloh, C. U., & Siegert, R. J. (2018). Investigating unique contributions of dispositional mindfulness facets to depression, anxiety, and stress in general and student populations. Mindfulness, 9(6), 1757–1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-0917-0.CrossRef

Medvedev, O. N., Cervin, M., Barcaccia, B., Siegert, R. J., Roemer, A., & Krägeloh, C. U. (2021). Network Analysis of mindfulness facets, affect, compassion, and distress. Mindfulness, 12(4), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01555-8.CrossRefPubMed

Mehta, Y., & Hicks, R. (2020). The big five, mindfulness, and psychological well-being. GSTF Journal of Psychology (JPsych), 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5176/2345-7929.CrossRef

Mezquita, L., Bravo, A. J., Morizot, J., Pilatti, A., Pearson, M. R., Ibáñez, M. I., & Ortet, G. (2019). Cross-cultural examination of the big five personality trait short questionnaire: Measurement invariance testing and associations with mental health. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0226223. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226223.CrossRef

Morizot, J. (2014). Construct validity of adolescents’ self-reported big five personality traits: Importance of conceptual breadth and initial validation of a short measure. Assessment, 21(5), 580–606. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114524015.CrossRefPubMed

Motiño, A., Saiz, J., Sánchez-Iglesias, I., Salazar, M., Barsotti, T. J., Goldsby, T. L., Chopra, D., & Mills, P. J. (2021). Cross-cultural analysis of spiritual bypass: A comparison between Spain and Honduras. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 658739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.658739.CrossRef

Ortet, G., Martínez, T., Mezquita, L., Morizot, J., & Ibáñez, M. I. (2017). Big five personality trait short questionnaire: Preliminary validation with Spanish adults. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20, E7. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.8.CrossRefPubMed

Ortet, G., Pinazo, D., Walker, D., Gallego, S., Mezquita, L., & Ibáñez, M. I. (2020). Personality and nonjudging make you happier: Contribution of the five-factor model, mindfulness facets and a mindfulness intervention to subjective well-being. PLoS One, 15(2), e0228655. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228655.CrossRef

R Core team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.

Roberts, B. W., & Yoon, H. J. (2022). Personality psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 73, 489–516. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-114927.CrossRefPubMed

Roemer, A., Sutton, A., Grimm, C., & Medvedev, O. N. (2021). Differential contribution of the five facets of mindfulness to well-being and psychological distress. Mindfulness, 12(3), 693–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01535-y.CrossRef

Rubin, M., Papini, S., Dainer-Best, J., Zaizar, E. D., Smits, J. A., & Telch, M. J. (2021). Exploratory and confirmatory bayesian networks identify the central role of non-judging in symptoms of depression. Mindfulness, 12(10), 2544–2551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01726-1.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Schafer, J. L. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439821862.

Schreier, S. S., Heinrichs, N., Alden, L., Rapee, R. M., Hofmann, S. G., Chen, J., Oh, K. J., & Bögels, S. (2010). Social anxiety and social norms in individualistic and collectivistic countries. Depression and Anxiety, 27(12), 1128–1134. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20746.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Siegling, A. B., & Petrides, K. V. (2014). Measures of trait mindfulness: Convergent validity, shared dimensionality, and linkages to the five-factor model. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01164.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Siegling, A. B., & Petrides, K. V. (2016). Zeroing in on mindfulness facets: Similarities, validity, and dimensionality across three independent measures. PLoS One, 11(4), e0153073. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153073.

Tov, W., Nai, Z. L., & Lee, H. W. (2016). Extraversion and agreeableness: Divergent routes to daily satisfaction with social relationships. Journal of Personality, 84(1), 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12146.CrossRefPubMed

Truong, Q. C., Krägeloh, C. U., Siegert, R. J., Landon, J., & Medvedev, O. N. (2020). Applying generalizability theory to differentiate between trait and state in the five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Mindfulness, 11(4), 953–963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01324-7.CrossRef

Vansteenkiste, M., Ryan, R. M., & Soenens, B. (2020). Basic psychological need theory: Advancements, critical themes, and future directions. Motivation and Emotion, 44, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-019-09818-1.CrossRef

Williams, D. R., & Mulder, J. (2020). BGGM: Bayesian gaussian graphical models in R. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(51), 2111. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02111.CrossRef

Yi, J. S. (2018). Revisiting individualism-collectivism: A cross-cultural comparison among college students in four countries. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 18(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v18i2.759.CrossRef

Yoneda, T., Graham, E., Lozinski, T., Bennett, D. A., Mroczek, D., Piccinin, A. M., Hofer, S. M., & Muniz-Terrera, G. (2023). Personality traits, cognitive states, and mortality in older adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(2), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000418.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Big Five of Mindfulness and Personality: Cross-Cultural Network Analysis
Auteurs: Anja Roemer
Matti Cervin
Angela Medvedeva
Adrian J. Bravo
Oleg N. Medvedev
Publicatiedatum: 20-12-2023
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02293-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2024

A Body Scan Meditation Reduces Negative Affect and Food Cravings in Emotional Eaters: A Randomized Controlled Study of the Effects, Mediators, and Moderators

ORIGINAL PAPER

Correction to: Making, Unmaking, and Discovering Buddhahood: Three Paradigms of the Relationship Between Meditation and Ethics

Correction

Correction to: Self-Compassion and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-clinical Sample: Insights from Network Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis

Open Access
Correction

Validation and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Mindful Eating Inventory in Adults

ORIGINAL PAPER

Coping with Past Social Stress: Comparing Brief Self-Compassion, Cognitive Reappraisal and Control Writing Exercises

ORIGINAL PAPER

Assessing the Effect of a 2-Year Mindfulness-Based Training Programme on Personal and Professional Functioning: A Mixed-Methods Study

Open Access
ORIGINAL PAPER