Top

Gepubliceerd in:

15-02-2021 | Original Article

A Multi-level Longitudinal Model of Risk Factors for Generalized and Separation Anxiety Symptoms in a Community Sample of 6-year-olds

Auteurs: Karen R. Gouze, Joyce Hopkins, John V. Lavigne, Fred B. Bryant

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 3/2022

Abstract

The current longitudinal study examined the relations between variables in four domains—contextual (SES, family conflict, stress), parent (caretaker depression), parenting (support hostility, autonomy granting), and child (negative affect, effortful control, sensory regulation, attachment)—and both the presence of generalized and separation anxiety symptoms at age 6 in a community sample of 796 children and the change in these anxiety symptoms from ages 4 to 6. Anxiety was highly stable over time. Specific results revealed both direct and indirect pathways between age 4 and age 5 variables, and age 6 anxiety. Caretaker depression and the child variables of attachment, effortful control, negative affect, and sensory regulation were directly related to anxiety symptoms at age 6. Contextual variables (SES) at age 4 were indirectly related to age 6 anxiety through parent depression at age 5. Parent depression was indirectly related to age 6 anxiety through age 5 child negative affect. Child negative affect at age 4 was indirectly related to age 6 anxiety through age 5 effortful control and age 4 effortful control was indirectly related to age 6 anxiety through age 5 negative affect. With the exception of attachment, there was a reduction in the impact of other variables when initial levels of anxiety symptoms were included in the model. Implications of results for early intervention and further study are discussed.

volgende artikel Recognition of Emotions from Situational Contexts and the Impact of a Mind Reading Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM V. Psychiatric Clin North Am 32:483–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2009.06.002CrossRef

Grills-Taquechel AE, Ollendick TH (2007) Special issue: developments in the etiology and psychosocial treatments of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 10:197–198PubMedCrossRef

Degnan KA, Almas AN, Fox NA (2010) Temperament and the environment in the etiology of childhood anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51(4):497–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02228CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Franz L, Angold A, Copeland W, Costello EJ, Towe-Goodman N, Egger H (2013) Preschool anxiety disorders in pediatric primary care: prevalence and co-morbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 52(12):1294–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.008CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lavigne JV, LeBailly SA, Hopkins J, Gouze KR, Binns HJ (2009) The prevalence of ADHD, ODD, depression and anxiety in a community sample of 4-year-olds. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38(3):315–328CrossRef

Copeland WE, Angold A, Shanahan L, Costello EJ (2014) Longitudinal patterns of anxiety from childhood to adulthood: the Great Smoky Mountains Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53(1):21–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.017CrossRefPubMed

Edwards SL, Rapee RM, Kennedy S (2010) Predictors of anxiety symptoms in preschool-aged children: examination of maternal and paternal perspectives. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51:313–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02160CrossRefPubMed

Dougherty LR, Tolep MR, Bufferd SJ, Olino TM, Dyson M, Traditi J, Rose S, Carlson GA, Klein DN (2013) Preschool anxiety disorders: comprehensive assessment of clinical, demographic, temperamental, familial, and life stress correlates. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42(5):577–589. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.759225CrossRef

Hudson JL, Dodd HF, Lyneham HJ, Bovroupolous N (2011) Temperament and family environment in the development of anxiety disorder: two year follow-up. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:1255–1264PubMedCrossRef

10.

McLeod BD, Wood JJ, Weisz JR (2007) Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: a meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 27:155–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09/002CrossRefPubMed

11.

Cox MJ, Mills-Konce R, Propper C, Gariepy JL (2010) Systems theory and cascades in developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 22:497–506PubMedCrossRef

12.

Claus JA, Blackford JU (2012) Behavioral inhibition and risk for developing social anxiety: a meta-analytic study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51:1066–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.002CrossRef

13.

Hudson JL, Murayama K, Meteyard L, Morris T, Dodd HF (2018) Early childhood predictors of anxiety in early adolescence. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47:1121–1133CrossRef

14.

Muris P, van Brakel AML, Arntz A, Schouten E (2011) Behavioral inhibition as a risk factor for the development of childhood anxiety disorders: a longitudinal study. J Child Fam Stud 20:157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-010-9365-8CrossRefPubMed

15.

Brumariu LE, Kerns KA (2013) Pathways to anxiety: contributions of attachment history, temperament, peer competence, and ability to manage intense emotions. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 44:504–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0345-7CrossRefPubMed

16.

LeCompte V, Moss E, Cyr C, Pascuzzo K (2014) Pre-school attachment, self-esteem, and the development of preadolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms. Attach Hum Dev 16:242–260PubMedCrossRef

17.

Bayer JK, Morgan A, Prendergast LA, Beatson R, Gilberson T, Bretherton L, Hisock H, Rapee RM (2019) Predicting temperamentally inhibited young children’s clinical level anxiety and internalizing problems from parenting and parent well-being: a population study. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47:1165–1181PubMedCrossRef

18.

Cote SM, Bolvin M, Liu X, Nagin DS, Zoccolillo M, Tremblay RE (2009) Depression and anxiety symptoms: onset, developmental course and risk factors during early childhood. The J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:1201–1208PubMedCrossRef

19.

Kerns KA, Brumariu LE (2014) Is insecure parent–child attachment a risk factor for the development of anxiety in childhood or adolescence? Child Dev Perspect 8(1):12–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12CrossRefPubMed

20.

Marakovitz SE, Wagmiller RL, Mian ND, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Carter AS (2011) Lost toy? Monsters under the bed? Contributions and family factors to early internalizing problems in boys and girls. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40:233–244PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

21.

Yap MBH, Jorm AF (2015) Parental factors associated with childhood anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 175:424–440PubMedCrossRef

22.

Goodman SH, Rouse MH, Connell AM, Broth MR, Hall CM, Heyward D (2011) Maternal depression and child psychopathology: a meta-analytic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1CrossRefPubMed

23.

Hopkins J, Lavigne JV, Gouze KR, Bryant FB (2013) Multi-domain models of risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers: evidence for common and specific factors. J Abnorm Child Psychol 41(5):705–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9723-2CrossRef

24.

Gouze KR, Hopkins J, Bryant FB, Lavigne JV (2017) Parenting and anxiety: Bi-directional relations in young children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 45:1169–1180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0223-zCrossRefPubMed

25.

Hudson JL, Rapee RM (2001) Parent-child interactions and anxiety disorders: an observational study. Behav Res Ther 39(12):1411–1427PubMedCrossRef

26.

Muris P, Ollendick TH (2005) The role of temperament in the etiology of child psychopathology. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 8(4):271–289PubMedCrossRef

27.

Ben-Sasson A, Carter AS, Briggs-Gowan MJ (2009) Sensory over-responsivity in elementary school: prevalence and social-emotional correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol 37:705–716PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

28.

Gouze KR, Hopkins J, LeBailly SA, Lavigne JV (2009) Re-examining the epidemiology of sensory regulation dysfunction and comorbid psychopathology. J Abnorm Child Psychol 37:1077–1087PubMedCrossRef

29.

Murray L, Creswell C, Cooper PJ (2009) The development of anxiety disorders in childhood: an integrative review. Psychol Med 39:1413–1423. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709005157CrossRefPubMed

30.

Masten AS, Cicchetti D (2010) Developmental cascades. Dev Psychopathol 22:497–506. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579410000234CrossRef

31.

McCubbin HI, Thompson A, Elver KM (1996) Family distress index (FDI). In: McCubbin HI, Thompson A, McCubbin MA (eds) Family assessment: resiliency, coping, and adaptation-inventories for research and practice. University of Wisconsin System, Madison, pp 783–788

32.

Hollingshead AB (1975) Four factor index of social position. Yale University Department of Sociology, New Haven

33.

McCubbin MA, Patterson J (1996) Family strains. In: McCubbin H, Thompson A, McCubbin MA (eds) Family assessment: resiliency, coping, and adaptation-Inventories for research and practice. University of Wisconsin System, Madison, pp 823–841

34.

Moos RH, Moos BS (1986) Family environment scale manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto

35.

Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R (1983) A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Beh 24:385–396CrossRef

36.

Abidin RR (1995) Manual for the parenting stress index. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa

37.

Radloff LA (1977) The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas 1:385–401CrossRef

38.

Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG (1988) Psychometric properties of the beck depression inventory: twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 8:77–100CrossRef

39.

Lovejoy MC, Weis R, O’Hare E, Rubin EC (1999) Development and initial validation of the parent behavior inventory. Psychol Assess 11(4):534–545. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.4.534CrossRef

40.

Brown TA (2006) Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford, New York

41.

NICHD Early Childhood Research Network (1999) Child care and mother-child interaction in the first three years of life. Dev Psychol 35:1399–1413CrossRef

42.

Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, Hershy KL, Fisher P (2001) Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Dev 72(5):1394–1408PubMedCrossRef

43.

Lengua LJ, West SG, Sandler IN (1998) Temperament as a predictor of symptomatology in children: addressing contamination of measures. Child Dev 69(1):164–181PubMedCrossRef

44.

McIntosh DN, Miller LJ, Shyu V (1999) Development and validation of the short sensory profile. In: Dunn W (ed) Sensory profile manual. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, pp 59–73

45.

Waters E (1987) Attachment Q-set (version 3.0). State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook

46.

van IJzendoorn M, Vereijken C, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Riksen-Walraven J (2004) Assessing attachment security with the Attachment Q-sort: meta-analytic evidence for the validity of the observer AQS. Child Dev 75:1188–1213PubMedCrossRef

47.

Dunn L, Dunn L (1997) The peabody picture vocabulary test, 3rd edn. American Guidance Service, Circle Pines

48.

Fisher P, Lucas C (2006) Diagnostic interview schedule for children (DISC-IV)-young child. Columbia University, New York

49.

Shaffer D, Fisher P, Lucas CP, Dulcan MK, Scwab-Stone ME (2000) NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH, DISC-IV): description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:28–38PubMedCrossRef

50.

Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (1997) Early childhood inventory 4 norms manual. Checkmate Plus, Stonybrook

51.

Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (2000) Early childhood inventory 4 screening manual. Checkmate Plus, Stonybrook

52.

Graham JW (2009) Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 60:549–576PubMedCrossRef

53.

Joreskog KG, Sorbom D (2006) LISREL for windows. Scientific Software International, Chicago

54.

Anderson JC, Gerbing DW (1988) Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychol Bull 103:411–423CrossRef

55.

Nunnally J, Bernstein I (1994) Psychometric theory: third edition. McGraw-Hill, New York

56.

Satorra A, Bentler PM (1994) Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In: von Eye A, Clogg CC (eds) Latent variables analysis: applications for developmental research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp 399–419

57.

Bollen KA (1989) Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley, New YorkCrossRef

58.

Bryant FB, Satorra A (2012) Principles and practice scaled difference chi-square testing. Struct Equ Model 19:372–398. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2012.687671CrossRef

59.

Hu LT, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 6:1–55CrossRef

60.

Marsh HW, Hau K-T, Zhonglin W (2004) In search of golden rules: comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cut-off values for fit indices and dangers in over-generalizing Hu and Bentler’s (1999) findings. Struct Equ Model Multi-Discip J 11(3):320–341CrossRef

61.

Mallinckrodt B, Abraham WT, Wei M, Russell DW (2006) Advances in testing the statistical significance of mediation effects. J Couns Psychol 53:372–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.372CrossRef

62.

Taylor AB, McKinnon DP (2012) Four applications of permutation methods to testing a single mediator model. Beh Res Methods 44:806–844CrossRef

63.

Gaylord-Harden NK, Cunningham JA, Holmbeck GN, Grant KE (2010) Suppressor effects in coping research with African American adolescents from low income communities. J Consult Clin Psychol 78:843–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020063CrossRefPubMed

64.

Richters J, Pellegrini D (1989) Depressed mothers’ judgments about their children: an examination of the depression-distortion hypothesis. Child Dev 60:1068–1075PubMedCrossRef

Titel: A Multi-level Longitudinal Model of Risk Factors for Generalized and Separation Anxiety Symptoms in a Community Sample of 6-year-olds
Auteurs: Karen R. Gouze
Joyce Hopkins
John V. Lavigne
Fred B. Bryant
Publicatiedatum: 15-02-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01132-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2022

Changes in Affective Network Variability Among Youth Treated for Anxiety Disorders

Original Article

Recognition of Emotions from Situational Contexts and the Impact of a Mind Reading Intervention in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Original Article

Developmental Changes in the Association Between Cognitive Control and Anxiety

Open Access
Original Article

Dyadic Analysis of a Self-report Physical Activity Measure for Adult-Youth Dyads

Original Article

The Influence of Negative Feedback and Social Rank on Feelings of Shame and Guilt: A Vignette Study in 8- to 13-Year-Old Non-Clinical Children

Open Access
Original Article

Familial Risk Factors in Relation to Recurrent Depression Among Former Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients

Open Access
Original Article