Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 8/2020

16-06-2020 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Impacts of a Mindfulness-Based Program on Teachers’ Forgiveness

Auteurs: Summer S. Braun, Sinhae Cho, Blake A. Colaianne, Cynthia Taylor, Margaret Cullen, Robert W. Roeser

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 8/2020

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Objectives

Developing the skills to positively manage social transgressions is of particular salience to those in the teaching profession. The Mindfulness-Based Emotional Balance (MBEB) program is a professional development program for K-12 teachers to build mindfulness and related prosocial skills such as empathy, compassion, and forgiveness. The present study assessed the acceptability of the MBEB program and tested whether MBEB was associated with changes in teachers’ forgiveness skills.

Methods

Participants included 171 teachers from 3 school districts who were randomized to the MBEB program or waitlist control group. Program attendance was recorded and MBEB teachers reported on the helpfulness of the forgiveness component. Five indices of forgiveness were assessed at pre-program, post-program, and in the fall of the subsequent school year (follow-up). A series of OLS regression models tested whether program condition was associated with the forgiveness outcomes at post-program and follow-up.

Results

MBEB teachers attended 90% of sessions, and 70% of MBEB teachers reported the forgiveness component to be helpful or very helpful. In comparison with control teachers, MBEB teachers reported improvements in their efficacy to forgive colleagues and students, tendency to forgive, and situation-specific forgiveness at post-program. Changes in MBEB teachers’ efficacy to forgive colleagues, tendency to forgive, and situation-specific forgiveness were sustained into the fall of the subsequent school year.

Conclusions

Significant and sustained improvements in MBEB teachers’ forgiveness skills indicate that teachers, who are actively engaged in a high-stress profession, can benefit from a mindfulness-based program aimed at cultivating prosocial qualities such as forgiveness.
Literatuur
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.CrossRef Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.CrossRef
go back to reference Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., Connor, L. E. O., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: development and construct validity of the transgression narrative test of forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 1277–1290.CrossRef Berry, J. W., Worthington, E. L., Parrott, L., Connor, L. E. O., & Wade, N. G. (2001). Dispositional forgivingness: development and construct validity of the transgression narrative test of forgivingness (TNTF). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(10), 1277–1290.CrossRef
go back to reference Chan, D. W. (2010). Teacher burnout revisited: introducing positive intervention approaches based on gratitude and forgiveness. Educational Research Journal, 25(2), 165. Chan, D. W. (2010). Teacher burnout revisited: introducing positive intervention approaches based on gratitude and forgiveness. Educational Research Journal, 25(2), 165.
go back to reference Cullen, M., & Pons, G. B. (2015). The mindfulness-based emotional balance workbook: an eight-week program for improved emotion regulation and resilience. New Harbinger Publications. Cullen, M., & Pons, G. B. (2015). The mindfulness-based emotional balance workbook: an eight-week program for improved emotion regulation and resilience. New Harbinger Publications.
go back to reference Enders, C. K. (2001). The performance of the full information maximum likelihood estimator in multiple regression models with missing data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61(5), 713–740.CrossRef Enders, C. K. (2001). The performance of the full information maximum likelihood estimator in multiple regression models with missing data. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61(5), 713–740.CrossRef
go back to reference Fewtrell, M. S., Kennedy, K., Singhal, A., Martin, R. M., Ness, A., Hadders-Algra, M., Koletzko, B., & Lucas, A. (2008). How much loss to follow-up is acceptable in long-term randomised trials and prospective studies? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93(6), 458–461.CrossRef Fewtrell, M. S., Kennedy, K., Singhal, A., Martin, R. M., Ness, A., Hadders-Algra, M., Koletzko, B., & Lucas, A. (2008). How much loss to follow-up is acceptable in long-term randomised trials and prospective studies? Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93(6), 458–461.CrossRef
go back to reference Harris, A. H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2006). Extending the influence of positive psychology interventions into health care settings: lessons from self-efficacy and forgiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 27–36.CrossRef Harris, A. H., & Thoresen, C. E. (2006). Extending the influence of positive psychology interventions into health care settings: lessons from self-efficacy and forgiveness. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 27–36.CrossRef
go back to reference Jennings, P. A., Brown, J. L., Frank, J. L., Doyle, S., Oh, Y., Davis, R., Rasheed, D., DeWeese, A., DeMauro, A. A., Cham, H., & Greenberg, M. T. (2017). Impacts of the CARE for teachers program on teachers’ social and emotional competence and classroom interactions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(7), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000187.CrossRef Jennings, P. A., Brown, J. L., Frank, J. L., Doyle, S., Oh, Y., Davis, R., Rasheed, D., DeWeese, A., DeMauro, A. A., Cham, H., & Greenberg, M. T. (2017). Impacts of the CARE for teachers program on teachers’ social and emotional competence and classroom interactions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 109(7), 1–20. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​edu0000187.CrossRef
go back to reference Kulinna, P. H. (2008). Teachers’ attributions and strategies for student misbehavior. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 42(2), 21–30. Kulinna, P. H. (2008). Teachers’ attributions and strategies for student misbehavior. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 42(2), 21–30.
go back to reference Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test for missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202.CrossRef Little, R. J. A. (1988). A test for missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83(404), 1198–1202.CrossRef
go back to reference Luskin, F. M., Ginzburg, K., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). The efficacy of forgiveness intervention in college age adults: randomized controlled study. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 29(2), 163–184. Luskin, F. M., Ginzburg, K., & Thoresen, C. E. (2005). The efficacy of forgiveness intervention in college age adults: randomized controlled study. Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, 29(2), 163–184.
go back to reference Madill, R. A., Gest, S. D., & Rodkin, P. C. (2014). Students’ perceptions of relatedness in the classroom: the roles of emotionally supportive teacher-child interactions, children’s aggressive-disruptive behaviors, and peer social preference. School Psychology Review, 43(1), 86–105. Madill, R. A., Gest, S. D., & Rodkin, P. C. (2014). Students’ perceptions of relatedness in the classroom: the roles of emotionally supportive teacher-child interactions, children’s aggressive-disruptive behaviors, and peer social preference. School Psychology Review, 43(1), 86–105.
go back to reference McCullough, M. E., & Witvliet, C. V. (2002). The psychology of forgiveness. In C. R. Snyder & S. L. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 446–458). Oxford University Press. McCullough, M. E., & Witvliet, C. V. (2002). The psychology of forgiveness. In C. R. Snyder & S. L. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 446–458). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Miller, A. J., Worthington, E. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: a meta-analytic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(8), 843–876.CrossRef Miller, A. J., Worthington, E. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: a meta-analytic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(8), 843–876.CrossRef
go back to reference Raschke, D. B., Dedrick, C. V, Strathe, M. I., & Hawkes, R. R. (1985). Teacher stress: the elementary teacher’s perspective. The Elementary School Journal, 85(4), 558–564. Raschke, D. B., Dedrick, C. V, Strathe, M. I., & Hawkes, R. R. (1985). Teacher stress: the elementary teacher’s perspective. The Elementary School Journal, 85(4), 558–564.
go back to reference Robins, C. J., Keng, S. L., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 117–131.CrossRef Robins, C. J., Keng, S. L., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotional experience and expression: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 117–131.CrossRef
go back to reference Roeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Taylor, C., & Harrison, J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032093.CrossRef Roeser, R. W., Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Jha, A., Cullen, M., Wallace, L., Wilensky, R., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Taylor, C., & Harrison, J. (2013). Mindfulness training and reductions in teacher stress and burnout: results from two randomized, waitlist-control field trials. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 787–804. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0032093.CrossRef
go back to reference Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36.CrossRef Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36.CrossRef
go back to reference Seidman, A. (2005). The learning killer: disruptive student behavior in the classroom. Reading Improvement, 42, 40–47. Seidman, A. (2005). The learning killer: disruptive student behavior in the classroom. Reading Improvement, 42, 40–47.
go back to reference Seybold, K. S., Hill, P. C., Neumann, J. K., & Chi, D. S. (2001). Physiological and psychological correlates of forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 20(3), 250–259. Seybold, K. S., Hill, P. C., Neumann, J. K., & Chi, D. S. (2001). Physiological and psychological correlates of forgiveness. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 20(3), 250–259.
go back to reference Taylor, C., Harrison, J., Kyla, H., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Schonert-Reichl, K., & Roeser, R. W. (2016). Examining ways that mindfulness-based intervention reduces stress in public school teachers: a mixed methods study. Mindfulness, 7, 115-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1267101504234. Taylor, C., Harrison, J., Kyla, H., Oberle, E., Thomson, K., Schonert-Reichl, K., & Roeser, R. W. (2016). Examining ways that mindfulness-based intervention reduces stress in public school teachers: a mixed methods study. Mindfulness, 7, 115-129. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s1267101504234.
go back to reference Tucker, J. R., Bitman, R. L., Wade, N. G., & Cornish, M. A. (2015). Defining forgiveness: historical roots, contemporary research, and key considerations for health outcomes. In L. L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington, & D. R. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and health: scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 13–28). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef Tucker, J. R., Bitman, R. L., Wade, N. G., & Cornish, M. A. (2015). Defining forgiveness: historical roots, contemporary research, and key considerations for health outcomes. In L. L. Toussaint, E. L. Worthington, & D. R. Williams (Eds.), Forgiveness and health: scientific evidence and theories relating forgiveness to better health (pp. 13–28). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Wade, N. G., Worthington, E. L. J., & Meyer, J. E. (2000). But do they work? A meta-analysis of group interventions to promote forgiveness. In E. L. J. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of Forgiveness (pp. 423–440). New York, NY: Routledge. Wade, N. G., Worthington, E. L. J., & Meyer, J. E. (2000). But do they work? A meta-analysis of group interventions to promote forgiveness. In E. L. J. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of Forgiveness (pp. 423–440). New York, NY: Routledge.
go back to reference Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: models, methods, and findings (Vol. 9). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: models, methods, and findings (Vol. 9). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Metagegevens
Titel
Impacts of a Mindfulness-Based Program on Teachers’ Forgiveness
Auteurs
Summer S. Braun
Sinhae Cho
Blake A. Colaianne
Cynthia Taylor
Margaret Cullen
Robert W. Roeser
Publicatiedatum
16-06-2020
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 8/2020
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01413-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2020

Mindfulness 8/2020 Naar de uitgave