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2012 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

Endoscopische behandelmethoden bij obesitas

(april 2013)

Auteur : Prof.dr. E.M.H. Mathus-Vliegen

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Abstract

Afhankelijk van de mate van overgewicht volgen na gecombineerde leefstijlinterventies, bestaande uit voedings- en beweegadviezen en gedragstherapie, de medicamenteuze therapie en chirurgie. Door het van de markt halen van vele medicijnen is alleen orlistat, een lipaseremmer, beschikbaar. Bariatrische chirurgie komt pas bij een BMI van > 40 kg/m2 in aanmerking of bij een BMI van > 35 kg/m2 bij ernstige comorbiditeit. Er is dus een enorm behandelingsvacuüm voor een groot aantal mensen met een BMI tussen 28 en 40 kg/m2.
Endoscopische behandelmethoden kunnen dit vacuüm opvullen en bestaan uit restrictieve methoden, zoals intragastrische ballonnen (ofwel maagballonnen) en endoscopische maagverkleiningsingrepen, en bypass-methoden. Intragastrische ballonnen grijpen in op de wisselwerking tussen centrale cerebrale en perifere verzadigingsmechanismen en zijn een hulpmiddel bij de beperking van de orale inneming. Maagverkleining door inwendige ingrepen beperken de voedselinname en lijken op de chirurgi-sche maagband of de maagsleeve. Het endoscopisch bypassen van maag, duodenum en jejunum hebben effecten op de vertering en op de gastro-intestinale hormoonhuishouding en lijken op de chirurgische maag-bypass. Het behaalde gewichtsverlies is aanzienlijk en beter dan bij de medicamenteuze therapie, maar minder goed dan bij bariatrische chirurgie. Dit gewichtsverlies wordt mede bepaald door de mate van energiebeperking en het begeleidende programma van gedragsverandering en lichaamsbeweging. De diëtist heeft hierbij een belangrijke rol, evenals in de eerste tijd na de ingreep vanwege klachten en bij het advies over een vloeibaar dieet in de eerste weken. Bij tijdelijke therapieën, zoals de maagballon en bypassmethoden, is deskundige begeleiding op termijn van eminent belang.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Endoscopische behandelmethoden bij obesitas
Auteur
Prof.dr. E.M.H. Mathus-Vliegen
Copyright
2012
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-0508-7_42