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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

13-03-2024

Early Predictors and Concurrent Correlates of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescence

Auteurs: Leah K. Sorcher, Jamilah Silver, Emma Chad-Friedman, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Daniel N. Klein, Lea R. Dougherty

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Abstract

Irritability is a common presenting problem in youth mental health settings that is thought to include two components: tonic (e.g., irritable, touchy mood) and phasic (e.g., temper outbursts), each with unique correlates and outcomes, including later internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. However, we are unaware of any studies of early predictors of tonic and phasic irritability. We utilized data from a longitudinal study of a community sample of 3-year-old children followed to age 15 (n = 444). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of items from several self-report irritability measures at age 15, including the Affective Reactivity Index, the International Personality Item Pool, the Schedule for Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Personality Youth Version, and the Child Depression Inventory, and examined their early childhood predictors. The CFA identified dimensions consistent with tonic and phasic irritability. Tonic irritability at age 15 was uniquely associated with concurrent internalizing disorders and suicidal behavior while phasic irritability was uniquely associated with concurrent externalizing disorders. When adolescent tonic and phasic irritability were examined together, female sex and parental depressive and substance use disorders at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent tonic irritability. Additionally, male sex, less parental education, greater laboratory-observed anger and impulsivity, ODD symptoms, higher irritability, and no parental substance use history at age 3 uniquely predicted adolescent phasic irritability. Youth-reported tonic and phasic irritability at age 15 appear to be distinguishable constructs with distinct concurrent correlates and early antecedents. Findings have important implications for research on the etiology of irritability and developing effective treatments.

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The zero-order correlation between adolescent phasic irritability and child sex was not significant (r = 0.001; p = 0.99); however, this emerged as a significant finding in a regression controlling for tonic irritability (ß = -0.13, FDR-corrected p = 0.01).

The zero-order correlation between adolescent tonic irritability and parental lifetime history of depressive disorder was not significant (r = 0.08; p = 0.15); however, this emerged as a significant finding in a regression controlling for phasic irritability (ß = 0.08; FDR-corrected p = 0.03).

The zero-order correlation between adolescent phasic irritability and parental lifetime history of SUD was not significant (r = -0.03; p = 0.56); however, this emerged as a significant finding in a regression controlling for tonic irritability (ß = -0.10; FDR-corrected p = 0.02).

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Titel: Early Predictors and Concurrent Correlates of Tonic and Phasic Irritability in Adolescence
Auteurs: Leah K. Sorcher
Jamilah Silver
Emma Chad-Friedman
Gabrielle A. Carlson
Daniel N. Klein
Lea R. Dougherty
Publicatiedatum: 13-03-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01185-x

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