19. Biliary Tree and Pancreatic Duct System

The biliary and pancreatic duct systems are imaged by radiologists and surgeons with or without interventional techniques and with or without introduction of contrast. Contrast is introduced via an endoscope in a retrograde manner, percutaneously, via an indwelling “T-tube”/cholecystostomy tube, intravenously and even orally. The systems may also be demonstrated free of vascular flow on ultrasound and free of contrast enhancement on CT and MRI. This chapter will demonstrate the anatomy of these systems in multiple views and planes using the available imaging techniques.