Top

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Gepubliceerd in:

08-05-2022

Behavioral, Affective, and Cognitive Parenting Mechanisms of Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Auteurs: Francesca Penner, Yasmin Elzaki, Haglaeeh T. Contreras, Roberto P. Santos, Dustin E. Sarver

Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology | Uitgave 9/2022

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased mental health concerns, including depression and anxiety among parents and internalizing and externalizing problems among youth. To better understand the mechanisms and moderators of child mental health during the pandemic, the current study tested two moderated mediation models in which parent depression and anxiety indirectly impacted child internalizing and externalizing problems through negative effects on multiple parenting variables, with these associations moderated by families’ exposure to COVID-19-stressors. A national sample representative of U.S. parents (N = 796, 48.2% female, M_age = 38.87 years, 60.3% Non-Hispanic white, 18.1% Hispanic/Latinx, 13.2% Non-Hispanic Black/African-American, 5.7% Asian, 2.8% Other Race) completed a cross-sectional online survey in February-April 2021. Children ranged from 5–16 years old (M_age = 10.35 years, 59.8% Non-Hispanic white, 17.2% Hispanic/Latinx, 13.7% Non-Hispanic Black/African-American, 4.5% Asian, 4.8% Other Race). Parent depression/anxiety was directly and indirectly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. For both internalizing and externalizing problems, indirect associations occurred by means of increased parent hostility and inconsistent discipline and decreased routines and parent supportiveness. There were also specific indirect effects through decreased monitoring (internalizing problems) and parenting self-efficacy (externalizing problems). Multiple indirect effects were moderated by number of COVID-19-stressors experienced. Notably, COVID-19-stressors did not have direct effects on child mental health when other variables were considered. Findings highlight the buffering effects of parents for child mental health, the need to address parent depression/anxiety in child interventions, the utility of existing evidence-based parent interventions during the pandemic, and the need to assess families’ level of exposure to COVID-19-stressors.

vorige artikel Secret Agent Society: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Transdiagnostic Youth Social Skills Group Treatment

volgende artikel Mind-Wandering and Childhood ADHD: Experimental Manipulations across Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings

Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers

Analyses conducted without covariates showed minimal changes. Specifically, the interaction between COVID-19 stressors and parent depression/anxiety was only marginally significant (p = 0.07) in predicting positive reinforcement. For internalizing problems, there was significant (unmoderated) mediation through inconsistent discipline. For externalizing problems, mediation was significant for daily routines at all levels of COVID-19 stressors; the moderated mediation index was not significant.

Achenbach, T. M., Ivanova, M. Y., Rescorla, L. A., Turner, L. V., & Althoff, R. R. (2016). Internalizing/Externalizing Problems: Review and Recommendations for Clinical and Research Applications. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 647–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.012CrossRef

Alzueta, E., Perrin, P., Baker, F. C., Caffarra, S., Ramos-Usuga, D., Yuksel, D., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives: A study of psychological correlates across 59 countries. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(3), 556–570. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23082CrossRefPubMed

Arnsten, A. F. T., Condon, E. M., Dettmer, A. M., Gee, D. G., Lee, K. S., Mayes, L. C., Stover, C. S., & Tseng, W. L. (2021). The prefrontal cortex in a pandemic: Restoring functions with system-, family-, and individual-focused interventions. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000823

Barkley, R. A. (2013). Defiant Children: A Clinician’s Manual for Assessment and Parent Training. Guilford Press.

Bate, J., Pham, P. T., & Borelli, J. L. (2021). Be My Safe Haven: Parent-Child Relationships and Emotional Health During COVID-19. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(6), 624–634. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab046CrossRefPubMed

Breaux, R., Dvorsky, M. R., Marsh, N. P., Green, C. D., Cash, A. R., & Becker, S. P. (2021). Prospective impact of COVID‐19 on mental health functioning in adolescents with and without ADHD: Protective role of emotion regulation abilities. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13382

Cameron, E. E., Joyce, K. M., Delaquis, C. P., Reynolds, K., Protudjer, J. L. P., & Roos, L. E. (2020). Maternal psychological distress & mental health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 765–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.081CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cohodes, E. M., McCauley, S., & Gee, D. G. (2021). Parental Buffering of Stress in the Time of COVID-19: Family-Level Factors May Moderate the Association Between Pandemic-Related Stress and Youth Symptomatology. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 49(7), 935–948. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-020-00732-6

Colalillo, S., & Johnston, C. (2016). Parenting Cognition and Affective Outcomes Following Parent Management Training: A Systematic Review. Clinical Child & Family Psychology Review, 216–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0208-z

Dallaire, D. H., Pineda, A. Q., Cole, D. A., Ciesla, J. A., Jacquez, F., LaGrange, B., & Bruce, A. E. (2006). Relation of Positive and Negative Parenting to Children’s Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_15CrossRef

Elgar, F. J., Waschbusch, D. A., Dadds, M. R., & Sigvaldason, N. (2007). Development and Validation of a Short Form of Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-006-9082-5

Eyberg, S. (1988). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 10(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1300/J019v10n01_04CrossRef

Feinberg, M. E., A. Mogle, J., Lee, J.-K., Tornello, S. L., Hostetler, M. L., Cifelli, J. A., Bai, S., & Hotez, E. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parent, Child, and Family Functioning. Family Process, 61(1), 361–374. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12649

Fosco, G. M., Sloan, C. J., Fang, S., & Feinberg, M. E. (2021). Family vulnerability and disruption during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Prospective pathways to child maladjustment. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13458

Gadermann, A. C., Thomson, K. C., Richardson, C. G., Gagné, M., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S., & Jenkins, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(1), e042871. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042871

Glynn, L. M., Davis, E. P., Luby, J. L., & Sandman, C. A. (2021). A predictable home environment may protect child mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurobiology of Stress, 14, 100291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100291

Goodman, R. (1997). The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 38(5), 581–586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.xCrossRefPubMed

Greening, L., Stoppelbein, L., & Luebbe, A. (2010). The moderating effects of parenting styles on African-American and Caucasian children’s suicidal behaviors. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9459-z

Hajal, N. J., & Paley, B. (2020). Parental emotion and emotion regulation: A critical target for research and intervention to promote child emotion socialization. Developmental Psychology, 403–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000864

Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.

Hayes, A. F. (2015). An Index and Test of Linear Moderated Mediation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2014.962683CrossRefPubMed

Johnston, C., & Mash, E. J. (1989). A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 18(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8CrossRef

Kazak, A. E., Alderfer, M., Enlow, P. T., Lewis, A. M., Vega, G., Barakat, L., Kassam-Adams, N., Pai, A., Canter, K. S., Hildenbrand, A. K., McDonnell, G. A., Price, J., Schultz, C., Sood, E., & Phan, T. L. (2021). COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales: Factor Structure and Initial Psychometrics. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(5), 504–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab026

Khoury, J. E., Kaur, H., & Gonzalez, A. (2021). Parental Mental Health and Hostility Are Associated With Longitudinal Increases in Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems During COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 3132. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.706168CrossRef

Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.

Locke, L. M., & Prinz, R. J. (2002). Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(6), 895–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00133-2CrossRefPubMed

Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2016). Resilience in Development: Progress and Transformation. In Developmental Psychopathology: Vol. Four. Risk, Resilience, and Intervention (3rd Edition, pp. 271–333). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy406

Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2012). Child Development in the Context of Disaster, War, and Terrorism: Pathways of Risk and Resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 227–257. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100356CrossRefPubMed

McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. L. (2003). Helping the noncompliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior, 2nd ed. Guilford Press.

Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., et al. (2010). Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 980–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Morelli, M., Cattelino, E., Baiocco, R., Trumello, C., Babore, A., & Chirumbolo, A. (2020). Parents and Children During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Influence of Parenting Distress and Parenting Self-Efficacy on Children’s Emotional Well-Being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584645

Moulin, F., El-Aarbaoui, T., Bustamante, J. J. H., Héron, M., Mary-Krause, M., Rouquette, A., Galéra, C., & Melchior, M. (2021). Risk and protective factors related to children’s symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention during the COVID-19-related lockdown in France: Results from a community sample. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01752-3

Parent, J., & Forehand, R. (2017). The Multidimensional Assessment of Parenting Scale (MAPS): Development and Psychometric Properties. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 26, 2136–2151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0741-5CrossRef

Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., & Davis, M. M. (2020). Well-being of Parents & Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey. Pediatrics, 146(4), e2020016824. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824

Penner, F., Ortiz, J. H., & Sharp, C. (2021). Change in Youth Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Majority Hispanic/Latinx US Sample. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(4), 513–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.12.027CrossRef

Peris, T. S., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2021). The Parents Are Not Alright: A Call for Caregiver Mental Health Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(6), 675–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2021.02.007CrossRef

Pierce, M., Hope, H., Ford, T., Hatch, S., & Hotopf, M & Abel, K. M. (2020). Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(10), 883–892. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30308-4CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pilkonis, P. A., Choi, S. W., Reise, S. P., Stover, A. M., Riley, W. T., & Cella, D. (2011). Item Banks for Measuring Emotional Distress From the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®): Depression, Anxiety, and Anger. Assessment, 18(3), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111411667CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Prime, H., Wade, M., & Browne, D. T. (2020). Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Psychologist, 75(5), 631–643. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000660CrossRefPubMed

Roos, L. E., Salisbury, M., Penner-Goeke, L., Cameron, E. E., Protudjer, J. L. P., Giuliano, R., Afifi, T. O., & Reynolds, K. (2021). Supporting families to protect child health: Parenting quality and household needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 16(5), e0251720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251720

Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020). Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x

Shevlin, M., Butter, S., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Gibson-Miller, J., & Bentall, R. P. (2021). Refuting the myth of a ‘tsunami’ of mental ill-health in populations affected by COVID-19: Evidence that response to the pandemic is heterogeneous, not homogeneous. Psychological Medicine, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721001665

Smetana, J. G. (2017). Current research on parenting styles, dimensions, and beliefs. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.012CrossRefPubMed

Stinson, E. A., Sullivan, R. M., Peteet, B. J., Tapert, S. F., Baker, F. C., Breslin, F. J., & Lisdahl, K. M. (2021). Longitudinal Impact of Childhood Adversity on Early Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ABCD Study Cohort: Does Race or Ethnicity Moderate Findings? Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, 1(4), 324–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.007CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sytsma, S. E., Kelley, M. L., & Wymer, J. H. (2001). Development and Initial Validation of the Child Routines Inventory. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23(4), 241–251. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012727419873CrossRef

Waller, R., Powell, T., Rodriguez, Y., Corbett, N., Perlstein, S., White, L. K., Barzilay, R., & Wagner, N. J. (2021). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(6), 1012–1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01109-y

Titel: Behavioral, Affective, and Cognitive Parenting Mechanisms of Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Auteurs: Francesca Penner
Yasmin Elzaki
Haglaeeh T. Contreras
Roberto P. Santos
Dustin E. Sarver
Publicatiedatum: 08-05-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology / Uitgave 9/2022
Print ISSN: 2730-7166
Elektronisch ISSN: 2730-7174
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00920-6

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2022

Childhood Irritability: Predictive Validity and Mediators of Adolescent Psychopathology

Can Developmental Trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder? A confirmatory factor Analytic Test of Four Structural Models

Unique Contributions of Maternal Prenatal and Postnatal Emotion Dysregulation on Infant Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Mind-Wandering and Childhood ADHD: Experimental Manipulations across Laboratory and Naturalistic Settings

Secret Agent Society: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Transdiagnostic Youth Social Skills Group Treatment

The Effects of Maternal Disaster Exposure on Adolescent Mental Health 12 Years Later