Top

09-05-2024 | ORIGINAL PAPER

An 8-Week Online Body Scan Meditation Intervention for Tinnitus: Accessibility, Adherence, and Rates of Clinically Meaningful Success

Auteurs: James G. Jackson, Chloe D. Woolmer

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness

Abstract

Objectives

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external source and is experienced by up to 15% of the general population. There are many causes of tinnitus, but no cure is currently available. It has significant comorbidities with clinical anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and degrades quality of life in 1–2% of society at large. Currently, psychological interventions are the best way forward in assisting tinnitus habituation, but treatment availability and suitable experience to deliver such interventions are limited.

Methods

One hundred five individuals with chronic tinnitus took part in this study. An 8-week programme of guided online meditations focused on mindfulness was compared with a waiting list control group. Intervention outcomes were assessed by changes to tinnitus distress (Tinnitus Functional Index), tinnitus cognitions (Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire), and mindful awareness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale).

Results

As hypothesised, the online intervention saw clinically meaningful reductions in tinnitus distress for 30% of our sample (16 participants). Furthermore, the intervention saw significant increases in mindful awareness and significant reductions in negative thoughts about tinnitus, when compared with waiting list controls. There were no significant changes in positive thoughts about tinnitus. Twenty-one participants failed to complete the study and were considered “no change” as per intention-to-treat (ITT) paradigms.

Conclusions

In the absence of accessible psychological interventions, online mindfulness programmes including body scans are recommended for individuals with tinnitus as an effective and low-cost self-help tool. Reductions in negative thoughts around tinnitus are considered key to living alongside the condition (i.e. tinnitus habituation). Suggestions are made for improving future adherence rates, including recommendations for investigation in conjunction with other interventions.

Ainscough, E., Smith, S. L., Greenwell, K., & Hoare, D. J. (2018). Findings and ethical considerations from a thematic analysis of threads within tinnitus online support groups. American Journal of Audiology, 27(3S), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_aja-imia3-18-0013CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ando, A., Giromini, L., Ales, F., & Zennaro, A. (2020). A multimethod assessment to study the relationship between rumination and gender differences. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 61(6), 740–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12666.CrossRefPubMed

Ando, M., Ito, S., Matsuo, Y., & Kukihara, H. (2022). Efficacy of mindfulness yoga on subjective happiness, mood, fatigue, and mindful attention awareness of parents raising preschool children. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 10(13), 208–216. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2022.1013016.CrossRef

Bollini, P., Pampaliona, S., Tibaldi, G., Kupelnick, B., & Munizza, C. (1999). Effectiveness of antidepressants: Meta-analysis of dose-effect relationships in randomised clinical trials. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 297–303. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.174.4.297CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Budd, R. J., & Pugh, R. (1995). The relationship between locus of control, tinnitus severity, and emotional distress in a group of tinnitus sufferers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39(8), 1015–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(95)00512-9.CrossRefPubMed

Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Forder, L., & Jones, F. W. (2014). Can mindfulness and acceptance be learnt by self-help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mindfulness and acceptance-based self-help interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.001.CrossRefPubMed

Cima, R., Van Breukelen, G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2018). Tinnitus-related fear: Mediating the effects of a cognitive behavioural specialised tinnitus treatment. Hearing Research, 358, 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017.10.003.CrossRefPubMed

Conrad, I., Kleinstäuber, M., Jasper, K., Hiller, W., Andersson, G., & Weise, C. (2015). The role of dysfunctional cognitions in patients with chronic tinnitus. Ear and Hearing, 36(5), e279–e289. https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000168.CrossRefPubMed

Crane, R., Kuyken, W., Hastings, R. P., Rothwell, N., & Williams, J. M. G. (2010). Training teachers to deliver mindfulness-based interventions: Learning from the UK experience. Mindfulness, 1(2), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0010-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dupuis, F., Déry, J., De Oliveira, F. C. L., Pécora, A. T. L., Gagnon, R., Harding, K. E., Camden, C., Roy, J., Lettre, J., Hudon, A., Beauséjour, M., Pinard, A., Bath, B., Deslauriers, S., Lamontagne, M., Feldman, D. E., Routhier, F., Desmeules, F., Hébert, L. J., & Perreault, K. (2022). Strategies to reduce waiting times in outpatient rehabilitation services for adults with physical disabilities: A systematic literature review. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 27(2), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/13558196211065707.CrossRef

Eggenberger, L., Ehlert, U., & Walther, A. (2023). New directions in male-tailored psychotherapy for depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1146078. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1146078CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Fackrell, K., Hall, D. A., Barry, J., & Hoare, D. J. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population. Hearing Research, 335, 220–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.009.CrossRefPubMed

Fackrell, K., Hall, D. A., Barry, J., & Hoare, D. J. (2022). Integrating distribution-based and anchor-based techniques to identify minimal important change for the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI) questionnaire. Brain Sciences, 12(6), 726. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12060726CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/brm.41.4.1149.CrossRefPubMed

Fuller, T., Cima, R., Langguth, B., Mazurek, B., Vlaeyen, J. W., & Hoare, D. J. (2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus. The Cochrane Library, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd012614.pub2.

Gans, J. J. (2010). Mindfulness-based tinnitus therapy is an approach with ancient roots. The Hearing Journal, 63(11), 52. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hj.0000390823.09995.f3.CrossRef

Gans, J. J., O’Sullivan, P., & Bircheff, V. (2013). Mindfulness based tinnitus stress reduction pilot study. Mindfulness, 5(3), 322–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0184-4CrossRef

Gega, L., Smith, J., & Reynolds, S. (2013). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression by computer vs. therapist: Patient experiences and therapeutic processes. Psychotherapy Research, 23(2), 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2013.766941.CrossRefPubMed

González-Blanch, C., Medrano, L. A., O’Sullivan, S., Bell, I., Nicholas, J., Chambers, R., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a first-episode psychosis sample. Psychological Assessment, 34(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001077CrossRefPubMed

Gupta, S. K. (2011). Intention-to-treat concept: A review. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2(3), 109. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-3485.83221.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Guthrie, T., Matthews, J. R., Chambers, R., Windt, J., & Hohwy, J. (2022). Changes in multisensory integration following brief state induction and longer-term training with body scan meditation. Mindfulness, 13(5), 1214–1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01869-9.CrossRef

Handscomb, L., Hall, D. A., Shorter, G. W., & Hoare, D. J. (2017). Positive and negative thinking in tinnitus: Factor structure of the Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire. Ear and Hearing, 38(1), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0000000000000365CrossRefPubMed

Hayes, A. F., & Coutts, J. J. (2020). Use omega rather than Cronbach’s alpha for estimating reliability. But…. Communication Methods and Measures, 14(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2020.1718629.CrossRef

Heinrich, S., Rozental, A., Carlbring, P., Andersson, G., Cotter, K., & Weise, C. (2016). Treating tinnitus distress via the internet: A mixed methods approach of what makes patients seek help and stay motivated during internet-based cognitive behavior therapy. Internet Interventions, 4, 120–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2016.04.001.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Henry, J. A., Griest, S., Thielman, E. J., McMillan, G. P., Kaelin, C., & Carlson, K. F. (2016). Tinnitus Functional Index: Development, validation, outcomes research, and clinical application. Hearing Research, 334, 58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2015.06.004.CrossRefPubMed

Hesser, H., Weise, C., Rief, W., & Andersson, G. (2011). The effect of waiting: A meta-analysis of wait-list control groups in trials for tinnitus distress. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 70(4), 378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.12.006.CrossRefPubMed

Howarth, A., Smith, J. G., Perkins-Porras, L., & Ussher, M. (2019). Effects of brief mindfulness-based interventions on health-related outcomes: A systematic review. Mindfulness, 10(10), 1957–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01163-1CrossRef

Hyland, P. K., Lee, R. A., & Mills, M. J. (2015). Mindfulness at work: A new approach to improving individual and organizational performance. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 8(4), 576–602. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2015.41.CrossRef

Isham, A. E., Palacio-González, D., & Dritschel, B. (2020). Trait mindfulness and emotion regulation upon autobiographical memory retrieval during depression remission. Mindfulness, 11(12), 2828–2840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01494-4CrossRef

Jackson, J., & Morris, B. (2022, August). Impact of the built asset on health and wellbeing: contemporary review of tinnitus in the built environment, and effective interventions at work and home. In IDoBE International Conference 2021: Uncertainties in the Built Environment: How can we build a resilient future in the new normal? (pp. 989–1004).

Johles, L., Norell-Clarke, A., Lundqvist, C., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., & Mehlig, K. (2023). Is a brief body scan helpful for adolescent athletes’ sleep problems and anxiety symptoms? Mindfulness, 14(6), 1522–1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02149-w.CrossRef

Jones, G. R., Martel, D. T., Riffle, T. L., Errickson, J., Souter, J., Basura, G. J., Stucken, E. Z., Schvartz-Leyzac, K. C., & Shore, S. E. (2023). Reversing synchronized brain circuits using targeted auditory-somatosensory stimulation to treat phantom percepts. JAMA Network Open, 6(6), e2315914. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.15914.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Juberg, M., Stoll, N., Goldin, P. R., & Bell, J. F. (2023). Investigating the feasibility and effects of an online mindfulness family caregiver training program. Mindfulness, 14(6), 1531–1541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02126-3.CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living. Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing.

Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Massé, M., Thérien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005.CrossRefPubMed

Kleinjung, T., & Langguth, B. (2020). Avenue for future tinnitus treatments. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 53(4), 667–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2020.03.013.CrossRefPubMed

Kleinstäuber, M., Jasper, K., Schweda, I., Hiller, W., Andersson, G., & Weise, C. (2013). The role of fear-avoidance cognitions and behaviors in patients with chronic tinnitus. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.717301CrossRefPubMed

Kofahl, C. (2018). Associations of collective self-help activity, health literacy and quality of life in patients with tinnitus. Patient Education and Counseling, 101(12), 2170–2178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.001.CrossRefPubMed

Kropp, A., & Sedlmeier, P. (2019). What makes mindfulness-based interventions effective? An examination of common components. Mindfulness, 10(10), 2060–2072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01167-x.CrossRef

Lindsay, E. K., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and acceptance theory (MAT). Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.011CrossRefPubMed

MacKillop, J., & Anderson, E. J. (2007). Further psychometric validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(4), 289–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-007-9045-1CrossRef

Marks, E., Smith, P. E., & McKenna, L. (2020). I wasn’t at war with the noise: How mindfulness based cognitive therapy changes patients’ experiences of tinnitus. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00483.

McCormack, A., Edmondson-Jones, M., Somerset, S., & Hall, D. A. (2016). A systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity. Hearing Research, 337, 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.05.009.CrossRefPubMed

McFerran, D., Hoare, D. J., Carr, S., Ray, J., & Stockdale, D. (2018). Tinnitus services in the United Kingdom: A survey of patient experiences. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2914-3.

McFerran, D., Stockdale, D., Holme, R. H., Large, C. H., & Baguley, D. (2019). Why is there no cure for tinnitus? Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 802. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00802.

McKenna, L., Handscomb, L., Hoare, D. J., & Hall, D. A. (2014). A scientific cognitive-behavioral model of tinnitus: Novel conceptualizations of tinnitus distress. Frontiers in Neurology, 5, 196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00196.

McKenna, L., Marks, E., Hallsworth, C. A., & Schaette, R. (2017). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic tinnitus: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 86(6), 351–361. https://doi.org/10.1159/000478267CrossRefPubMed

Meteyard, L., & Davies, R. (2020). Best practice guidance for linear mixed-effects models in psychological science. Journal of Memory and Language, 112, 104092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2020.104092.CrossRef

Michaelsen, M. M., Graser, J., Onescheit, M., Tuma, M. P., Werdecker, L., Pieper, D., & Esch, T. (2023). Mindfulness-based and mindfulness-informed interventions at the workplace: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of RCTs. Mindfulness, 14(6), 1271–1304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02130-7CrossRef

Philippot, P., Nef, F., Clauw, L., De Romrée, M., & Segal, Z. V. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for treating tinnitus. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(5), 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.756.CrossRef

Riedl, D., Rumpold, G., Schmidt, A., Zorowka, P., Bliem, H. R., & Moschèn, R. (2015). The influence of tinnitus acceptance on the quality of life and psychological distress in patients with chronic tinnitus. Noise & Health, 17(78), 374. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.165068.CrossRef

Rod, K. (2015). Observing the effects of mindfulness-based meditation on anxiety and depression in chronic pain patients. Psychiatria Danubina, 27(suppl 1), 209–211.

Roll, S. C., Hardison, M. E., Vigen, C., & Black, D. S. (2020). Mindful body scans and sonographic biofeedback as preparatory activities to address patient psychological states in hand therapy: A pilot study. Hand Therapy, 25(3), 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/1758998320930752.CrossRefPubMed

Sauer-Zavala, S., Walsh, E. C., Eisenlohr‐Moul, T. A., & Lykins, E. L. B. (2012). Comparing mindfulness-based intervention strategies: Differential effects of sitting meditation, body scan, and mindful yoga. Mindfulness, 4(4), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-012-0139-9.CrossRef

Seydel, C., Haupt, H., Olze, H., Szczepek, A. J., & Mazurek, B. (2013). Gender and chronic tinnitus. Ear and Hearing, 34(5), 661–672. https://doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e31828149f2.CrossRefPubMed

Spijkerman, M., Pots, W. T. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: A review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009.CrossRefPubMed

Stegeman, I., Velde, H. M., Robe, P. A., Stokroos, R. J., & Smit, A. (2021). Tinnitus treatment by vagus nerve stimulation: A systematic review. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247221. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247221.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Urbaniak, G. C., & Plous, S. (2013). Research randomizer (version 4.0)[computer software].

Weber, F. C., Schlee, W., Langguth, B., Schecklmann, M., Schoisswohl, S., Wetter, T. C., & Simões, J. (2022). Low sleep satisfaction is related to high disease burden in tinnitus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 11005. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wilson, P. H., & Henry, J. L. (1998). Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties of a measure of dysfunctional cognitions associated with tinnitus. The International Tinnitus Journal, 4(1), 23–30.PubMed

Witarto, B. S., Visuddho, V., Witarto, A. P., Bestari, D., Sawitri, B., Melapi, T. S., & Wungu, C. D. K. (2022). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE, 17(9), e0274177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274177.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zhang, Y., Xue, J., & Huang, Y. (2020). A meta-analysis: Internet mindfulness-based interventions for stress management in the general population. Medicine, 99(28), e20493. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000020493CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zimmerman, B., Finnegan, M., Paul, S., Schmidt, S. A., Tai, Y., Roth, K. A., Chen, Y., & Husain, F. T. (2019). Functional brain changes during mindfulness-based cognitive therapy associated with tinnitus severity. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 13, 747. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.00747

Titel: An 8-Week Online Body Scan Meditation Intervention for Tinnitus: Accessibility, Adherence, and Rates of Clinically Meaningful Success
Auteurs: James G. Jackson
Chloe D. Woolmer
Publicatiedatum: 09-05-2024
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02357-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen