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21-08-2021 | REVIEW

A Retrospective Systematic Review of Diversity Variables in Mindfulness Research, 2000–2016

Auteurs: Kristina Eichel, Richa Gawande, Rebecca L. Acabchuk, Roman Palitsky, Sathiarith Chau, Andy Pham, Aya Cheaito, Dorothy Yam, Jonah Lipsky, Travis Dumais, Zixi Zhu, Jean King, Carl Fulwiler, Zev Schuman-Olivier, Ethan Moitra, Jeff Proulx, Ana Alejandre-Lara, Willoughby Britton

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 11/2021

Abstract

Objectives

As mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) become widespread, MBP research samples should be representative of the general public to avoid exclusion of minoritized groups. This systematic review retrospectively investigates demographic diversity in MBP research, based on reported variables and patterns of omission during that time.

Methods

We reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of standard MBSR and MBCT that targeted self-regulation outcomes through 2016 with healthy and clinical adult populations. Completeness of documentation and analyses for race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, language, education, age, and intersectionality were extracted, compared with census data when possible, and tracked over time based on the date of publication.

Results

The included 94 RCTs comprised populations that were predominantly White (79%), middle-aged (46 years), highly educated (15 years), and female (70%). The composition of studies from the USA differed significantly from the US census data. Only 41% of studies reported race or ethnicity, 95% reported gender without non-binary categories, 64% reported education, 89% reported age variance, 2% reported sexual orientation, 9% stratified analyses by demographic variables, and none reported identity multiplicity or intersectionality. MBP efficacy could not be determined for subgroups due to lack of subgroup analyses. Temporal trends show limited improvements in diversity composition and reporting of race over time.

Conclusion

MBPs’ potential benefit for diverse populations will depend on adequate reporting of currently underreported demographic variables. To develop culturally responsive interventions, MBPs research must include underrepresented populations to counter observed systemic bias and address inclusion disparities in the field. We offer recommendations to further this aim.

Systematic Review Registration

The PROSPERO review registration (number: CRD42016051765 (Loucks et al., American Journal of Health Behavior 40:258–267, 2016)) with a review protocol was submitted on December 9, 2016, and confirmed on December 16, 2016.

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Titel: A Retrospective Systematic Review of Diversity Variables in Mindfulness Research, 2000–2016
Auteurs: Kristina Eichel
Richa Gawande
Rebecca L. Acabchuk
Roman Palitsky
Sathiarith Chau
Andy Pham
Aya Cheaito
Dorothy Yam
Jonah Lipsky
Travis Dumais
Zixi Zhu
Jean King
Carl Fulwiler
Zev Schuman-Olivier
Ethan Moitra
Jeff Proulx
Ana Alejandre-Lara
Willoughby Britton
Publicatiedatum: 21-08-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 11/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01715-4

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