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Originalarbeit

Psychische Gesundheit von Pflegekindern im Vorschulalter: Wie stark hängt die Bewältigung traumatischer Erfahrungen von der Pflegefamilie ab?

Published Online:August 10, 2017https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000539

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Wie stark sich psychische Auffälligkeiten bei Vorschulkindern mit traumatischen Erlebnissen entwickeln, hängt stark von Merkmalen und dem Verhalten ihrer Bezugspersonen ab. Es ist noch unklar, in welcher Form sich traumatische Erlebnisse und Merkmale der Pflegefamilie auf die psychische Gesundheit eines Kindes auswirken. In dieser Studie wurden das Stresserleben und das Erziehungsverhalten der Pflegeeltern als Moderatoren und Mediatoren im Kontext traumatischer Erfahrungen untersucht. Pflegeeltern von 286 Kindern zwischen 3 und 7 Jahren nahmen an einer postalischen oder Onlinebefragung teil. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Wechselwirkungen zwischen traumatischen Erfahrungen des Pflegekindes und dem Stressniveau sowie dem Erziehungsverhalten der Pflegeeltern hin. Während Weitschweifigkeit und Nachsichtigkeit in der Erziehung den Effekt des Traumas auf die externalisierenden Auffälligkeiten des Kindes moderiert, hat Stresserleben einen mediierenden Effekt zwischen traumatischen Erlebnissen und einer internalisierenden oder externalisierenden Problematik. Die erzielten Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer systematischen Vorbereitung und Unterstützung der Pflegeeltern von Kindern mit traumatischen Erfahrungen. Durch eine solche Betreuung der Pflegeeltern können unbeabsichtigte negative Auswirkungen der traumatischen Erfahrungen begrenzt werden.


Mental health of preschool foster care children: How do foster families influence the way children cope with trauma?

Abstract. Parents and other significant persons have an important role when preschool children develop or cope with psychological symptoms following traumatic experiences. The underlying mechanisms of the interaction between traumatic experiences and influences of the foster family are still unclear. This study investigates foster parents’ stress levels and parenting styles as moderators or mediators in the context of trau- matic experiences. Foster parents of 286 children between three and seven years participated in an online or paper-and-pencil survey. The results suggest a connection between the traumatic experiences of foster children and the stress levels as well as the parenting styles of their foster parents. While verbosity and laxness as parenting styles moderated the impact of traumatic experiences on externalising symptoms, stress levels mediated the impact of traumatic experiences on children’s internalising and externalising symptoms. The results underscore the necessity of standardized preparation of and support for foster parents in order to avoid deterioration of psychological symptoms following traumatic events

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