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Spezifische und gemeinsame neuropsychologische Basisdefizite bei ADHS- und ODD-Symptomen im Vorschulalter

Published Online:August 28, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000119

Abstract

Es ist anzunehmen, dass unterschiedliche neuropsychologische Basisdefizite den Symptomen der ADHS zugrunde liegen. Die Frage ist, ob spezielle Basisdefizite spezifisch mit der ADHS-Symptomatik verbunden sind oder auch mit Symptomen einer Störung des Sozialverhaltens mit oppositionellem, aufsässigem Verhalten (ODD) korrelieren. Deswegen wurden neuropsychologische Aufgaben zur Erfassung von exekutiver Inhibitionskontrolle, Verzögerungsaversion, Intelligenz und Sensomotorik mit 141 Kindern (davon 68 Jungen) zwischen drei und sechs Jahren durchgeführt. Eltern (Pre-PACS Interview, SDQ) und Erzieher/innen (SDQ) aus dem Kindergarten schätzten die ADHS- und ODD-Symptome ein. Die ADHS-Symptome korrelierten bei Berücksichtigung von Kontrollvariablen signifikant mit exekutiver Inhibitionskontrolle, Verzögerungsaversion, Intelligenz und Sensomotorik. Bei zusätzlicher Kontrolle der ODD-Symptome zeigten sich weiterhin signifikante Assoziationen mit Verzögerungsaversion und Intelligenz. Auch in der multiplen Regressionsanalyse klärten diese beiden neuropsychologischen Basisdefizite jeweils unabhängig signifikant Varianz der ADHS-Symptome auf. Die ODD-Symptome zeigten keinen über die ADHS-Symptome hinausgehenden Zusammenhang mit den neuropsychologischen Basisdefiziten. ADHS-Symptome im Vorschulalter gehen mit höherer Verzögerungsaversion und Intelligenzdefiziten einher, während ODD-Symptome nicht unabhängig mit neuropsychologischen Basisdefiziten assoziiert sind.


Specific and common neuropsychological basic deficits in children with ADHD and ODD symptoms at preschool age

Current theories propose that several neuropsychological basic deficits underlie the complex symptoms of ADHD. In this study we discuss whether certain neuropsychological variables are specifically associated with ADHD symptoms or whether they are linked with ODD symptoms in preschool children. In a sample of 141 children (68 boys) between 3 and 6 years of age tests that capture executive inhibitory control, delay aversion, intelligence, and sensorimotor coordination were conducted. Parents (pre-PACS interview, SDQ) and kindergarten teachers (SDQ) reported on ADHD and ODD symptoms. ADHD symptoms correlated with executive inhibitory control, delay aversion, intelligence, and sensorimotor coordination while adjusting for several control variables. Despite additional adjustment for ODD symptoms, significance of the associations with delay aversion and intelligence persisted. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that these two neuropsychological basic deficits explained unique variance in ADHD symptoms. ODD symptoms showed no significant associations with neuropsychological basic deficits over and above ADHD symptoms. Thus, at preschool age, ADHD symptoms are accompanied by higher delay aversion and lower intelligence performance while ODD symptoms show no unique association with the neuropsychological basic deficits that have been considered here.

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