CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2024; 18(01): 387-391
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768467
Brief Report

Potential Impact of Long COVID-19 on Orthodontic Treatment

1   Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
,
Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
2   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
,
Edmund Khoo
2   Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
3   Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States
4   Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
,
Ryan Prevost
1   Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
› Author Affiliations
Funding None.

Abstract

Pooled estimates indicate about 226 million individuals are currently experiencing or have experienced persistent symptoms from COVID-19. Long COVID-19 (LC) has been associated with a prolonged inflammatory and stress responses in affected individuals. Due to common pathways, LC could impact the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement, orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption and periodontal tissue response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The authors of the present report discussed potential biological mechanisms through which LC may influence orthodontic treatment highlighting the need for further research in this area.



Publication History

Article published online:
19 June 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 
  • References

  • 1 Baig AM. Chronic COVID syndrome: need for an appropriate medical terminology for long-COVID and COVID long-haulers. J Med Virol 2021; 93 (05) 2555-2556
  • 2 Chen C, Haupert SR, Zimmermann L. et al. Global prevalence of post COVID-19 condition or long COVID: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Infect Dis 2022; 226 (09) 1593-1607
  • 3 Aiyegbusi OL, Hughes SE, Turner G. et al; Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review. J R Soc Med 2021; 114 (09) 428-442
  • 4 Burn E, Tebé C, Fernandez-Bertolin S. et al. The natural history of symptomatic COVID-19 during the first wave in Catalonia. Nat Commun 2021; 12 (01) 777
  • 5 Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A. et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27 (04) 601-615
  • 6 Alkodaymi MS, Omrani OA, Fawzy NA. et al. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28 (05) 657-666
  • 7 Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ 2021; 374 (1648): n1648
  • 8 Sykes DL, Holdsworth L, Jawad N, Gunasekera P, Morice AH, Crooks MG. Post-COVID-19 symptom burden: what is long-COVID and how should we manage it?. Lung 2021; 199 (02) 113-119
  • 9 Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW. et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101: 93-135
  • 10 Nguyen NN, Hoang VT, Dao TL, Dudouet P, Eldin C, Gautret P. Clinical patterns of somatic symptoms in patients suffering from post-acute long COVID: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41 (04) 515-545
  • 11 Sudre CH, Murray B, Varsavsky T. et al. Attributes and predictors of long COVID. Nat Med 2021; 27 (04) 626-631
  • 12 Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C. et al. More than 50 long-termeffects of COVID-19: a systematic review and metaanalysis. medRxiv 2021 ;2021.01.27.21250617
  • 13 Huang C, Huang L, Wang Y. et al. 6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study. Lancet 2021; 397 (10270): 220-232
  • 14 Chopra V, Flanders SA, O'Malley M, Malani AN, Prescott HC. Sixty-day outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2021; 174 (04) 576-578
  • 15 Bourmistrova NW, Solomon T, Braude P, Strawbridge R, Carter B. Long-term effects of COVID-19 on mental health: a systematic review. J Affect Disord 2022; 299: 118-125
  • 16 Bektas A, Schurman SH, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L. A public health perspective of aging: do hyper-inflammatory syndromes such as COVID-19, SARS, ARDS, cytokine storm syndrome, and post-ICU syndrome accelerate short- and long-term inflammaging?. Immun Ageing 2020; 17: 23
  • 17 Rai P, Kumar BK, Deekshit VK, Karunasagar I, Karunasagar I. Detection technologies and recent developments in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105 (02) 441-455
  • 18 Chaimayo C, Kaewnaphan B, Tanlieng N. et al. Rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection assay in comparison with real-time RT-PCR assay for laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Thailand. Virol J 2020; 17 (01) 177
  • 19 Sandler CX, Wyller VBB, Moss-Morris R. et al. Long COVID and post-infective fatigue syndrome: a review. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8 (10) ofab440
  • 20 Behnood SA, Shafran R, Bennett SD. et al. Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children and young people: a meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies. J Infect 2022; 84 (02) 158-170
  • 21 Han Q, Zheng B, Daines L, Sheikh A. Long-term sequelae of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of one-year follow-up studies on post-COVID symptoms. Pathogens 2022; 11 (02) 269
  • 22 Vulugundam S, Abreu LG, Bernabé E. Is orthodontic treatment associated with changes in self-esteem during adolescence? A longitudinal study. J Orthod 2021; 48 (04) 352-359
  • 23 Horani S, El-Bialy T, Barmak AB, Rossouw PE, Michelogiannakis D. Changes in airway dimensions following non-extraction clear aligner therapy in adult patients with mild-to-moderate crowding. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22 (03) 224-230
  • 24 Doykov I, Hällqvist J, Gilmour KC, Grandjean L, Mills K, Heywood WE. ‘The long tail of Covid-19’ - the detection of a prolonged inflammatory response after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic and mildly affected patients. F1000 Res 2020; 9: 1349
  • 25 Suri S, Vandersluis YR, Kochhar AS, Bhasin R, Abdallah MN. Clinical orthodontic management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Angle Orthod 2020; 90 (04) 473-484
  • 26 Quan S, Guo Y, Zhou J. et al. Orthodontic emergencies and mental state of Chinese orthodontic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21 (01) 477
  • 27 Dhanasekaran M, Shaga IB, Ponniah H, Sankaranarayanan P, Nagappan N, Parameswaran TM. The pandemic impact of COVID 19 on orthodontic practice: a cross sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13 (Suppl. 02) S1024-S1028
  • 28 Wise GE, King GJ. Mechanisms of tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 2008; 87 (05) 414-434
  • 29 Murrell EF, Yen EH, Johnson RB. Vascular changes in the periodontal ligament after removal of orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996; 110 (03) 280-286
  • 30 Yamaguchi M, Kasai K. Inflammation in periodontal tissues in response to mechanical forces. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2005; 53 (05) 388-398
  • 31 Li Y, Jacox LA, Little SH, Ko CC. Orthodontic tooth movement: the biology and clinical implications. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34 (04) 207-214
  • 32 Meikle MC. The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt. Eur J Orthod 2006; 28 (03) 221-240
  • 33 Berry S, Javed F, Rossouw PE, Barmak AB, Kalogirou EM, Michelogiannakis D. Influence of thyroxine supplementation on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption: a systematic review. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24 (02) 206-213
  • 34 Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Al-Shammery D. et al. Influence of nicotine on orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of experimental studies in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93: 66-73
  • 35 Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Khan J, Akram Z, Menenakos E, Javed F. Influence of increased body mass index on orthodontic tooth movement and related parameters in children and adolescents: a systematic review of longitudinal controlled clinical studies. J Orthod 2019; 46 (04) 323-334
  • 36 Al-Shammery D, Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw E, Romanos GE, Javed F. Influence of psychological stress exposure on orthodontic therapy: a comprehensive review. J Investig Clin Dent 2019; 10 (02) e12388
  • 37 Almadih A, Al-Zayer M, Dabel S. et al. Orthodontic treatment consideration in diabetic patients. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10 (02) 77-81
  • 38 Mishra GP, Mulani J. Corticosteroids for COVID-19: the search for an optimum duration of therapy. Lancet Respir Med 2021; 9 (01) e8
  • 39 Salvio G, Gianfelice C, Firmani F, Lunetti S, Balercia G, Giacchetti G. Bone metabolism in SARS-CoV-2 disease: possible osteoimmunology and gender implications. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2020; 18 (04) 51-57
  • 40 Chaushu S, Klein Y, Mandelboim O, Barenholz Y, Fleissig O. Immune changes induced by orthodontic forces: a critical review. J Dent Res 2022; 101 (01) 11-20
  • 41 Yamaguchi M, Fukasawa S. Is inflammation a friend or foe for orthodontic treatment?: inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption and accelerating tooth movement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22 (05) 2388
  • 42 Arias OR, Marquez-Orozco MC. Aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen: their effects on orthodontic tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130 (03) 364-370
  • 43 Weltman B, Vig KW, Fields HW, Shanker S, Kaizar EE. Root resorption associated with orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010; 137 (04) 462-476 , discussion 12A
  • 44 Saloom HF, Papageorgiou SN, Carpenter GH, Cobourne MT. Impact of obesity on orthodontic tooth movement in adolescents: a prospective clinical cohort study. J Dent Res 2017; 96 (05) 547-554
  • 45 McNab S, Battistutta D, Taverne A, Symons AL. External apical root resorption of posterior teeth in asthmatics after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999; 116 (05) 545-551
  • 46 Haran JP, Bradley E, Zeamer AL. et al. Inflammation-type dysbiosis of the oral microbiome associates with the duration of COVID-19 symptoms and long COVID. JCI Insight 2021; 6 (20) e152346