Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Eur J Dent 2024; 18(01): 138-142
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761460
Original Article

The EGCG and α-Mangosteen Stimulate SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37 Metabolite Concentration

Yuliati Yuliati
1   Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
2   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Fatma Yasmin Mahdani 
3   Oral Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
4   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Sellyn Angelina Margaretha
5   Bachelor of Dental Science Program. Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Wahidah Tsamara Putri Yastuti
5   Bachelor of Dental Science Program. Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo 
4   Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Mohammed Ahmed Aljunaid 
1   Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
6   Department of Oral and Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
7   Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Al-Saeed University, Taiz, Yemen
,
Huda Rashad Qaid
1   Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
7   Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Al-Saeed University, Taiz, Yemen
,
Rini Devijanti Ridwan
2   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
,
Indeswati Diyatri
2   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
› Author Affiliations Funding The Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education Culture, Research and Technology, Indonesia, funded this research under grant number 672/UN3/2022 Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
› Further Information
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective Stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) metabolites are secreted molecules from SHED, namely cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The metabolite can be used in various regenerative therapy based on cell-free immunomodulatory potential effects, like interleukin 10 (IL-10) and LL37. This molecule can stimulate with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and α-mangosteen and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. This study aimed to identify the effect of EGCG and α-mangosteen to SHED metabolite, called SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37, from six passages to obtain the optimum stimulation and able to use as periodontitis regeneration treatment.

Materials and Methods The six different passages of SHED were prepared in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and added with EGCG 80% (10 μM), EGCG 95% (10 μM), or α-mangosteen (10 μM). After a 24 hours incubation, each passage was measured with the metabolite concentration, SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37, with human IL-10 and LL37 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each different concentration was then analyzed statistically.

Results The addition of EGCG 95% is able to stimulate the SHED-IL10 optimum concentration in passage 1 (p < 0.01). But, in the different conditions, the addition of EGCG 80%, EGCG 95%, and α-mangosteen was able to stimulate the SHED-LL37 optimum concentration in passage 2 (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The addition of EGCG and α-mangosteen can stimulate the SHED-IL10 and SHED-LL37 concentrations. These two metabolites are promising as regenerative therapy through anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

Keywords

SHED - metabolite - EGCG - α-mangosteen - medicine


Publication History

Article published online:
14 April 2023

© 2023. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Wu J, Chen L, Wang R. et al. Exosomes secreted by stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promote alveolar bone defect repair through the regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5 (07) 3561-3571
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Xie F, He J, Chen Y, Hu Z, Qin M, Hui T. Multi-lineage differentiation and clinical application of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. Hum Cell 2020; 33 (02) 295-302
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Nakao Y, Fukuda T, Zhang Q. et al. Exosomes from TNF-α-treated human gingiva-derived MSCs enhance M2 macrophage polarization and inhibit periodontal bone loss. Acta Biomater 2021; 122: 306-324
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Bar JK, Lis-Nawara A, Grelewski PG. Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22 (21) 12018
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Liu Z, Lin Y, Fang X, Yang J, Chen Z. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of stem cells from the apical papilla through activating the BMP–SMAD signaling pathway. Molecules 2021; 26 (06) 1580
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Novilla A, Djamhuri DS, Nurhayati B, Rihibiha DD, Afifah E, Widowati W. Anti-inflammatory properties of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) ethanol extract and epigallocatechin gallate in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7 (11) 1005-1009
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Mah YJ, Song JS, Kim SO. et al. The effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human alveolar bone cells both in vitro and in vivo. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59 (05) 539-549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Rahmanisa S, Oktaria R. Pengaruh epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) pada the hijau terhadap Acne vulgaris. Jurnal Majority 2016; 5 (02) 101-105
    Google Scholar
  • 9 Jaisupa N, Moongkarndi P, Lomarat P. et al. Mangosteen peel extract exhibits cellular antioxidant activity by induction of catalase and heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression. J Food Biochem 2018; 42: e12511
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Lashari DM, Aljunaid M, Lashari Y. et al. The use of mucoadhesive oral patches containing epigallocatechin-3-gallate to treat periodontitis: an in vivo study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17 (06) 1014-1020
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Aljuanid MA, Qaid HR, Lashari DM. et al. Nano-emulsion of mangosteen rind extract in a mucoadhesive patch for periodontitis regenerative treatment: an in vivo study. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2022; 17 (05) 910-920
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Lashari DM, Aljunaid MA, Ridwan RD. et al. The ability of mucoadhesive gingival patch loaded with EGCG on IL-6 and IL-10 expression in periodontitis. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12 (05) 679-682
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Lestari C, Darwin E, Putra DP, Suharti N. The α-mangostin effect on the quantity of TGF-β1 titer relate to the mandibular bone volume of Rattus novergicus in the periodontitis model. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 2021; 9 (05) 609-618
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Lestari C, Darwin E, Putra DP, Suharti N. The Effect of α-Mangosteen on Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase 5b Expressions on Bone Remodeling in Periodontitis (An Experimental Research on Wistar Rats). In: Proceedings o f 1st International Conference on Health Sciences and Biotechnology (ICHB 2021) [Internet]. 2022. Accessed January 14, 2023 at: https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125971184
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Torrungruang K, Vichienroj P, Chutimaworapan S. Antibacterial activity of mangosteen pericarp extract against periodontal pathogens. J Dent Assoc Thai 2007; 57 (05) 240-246
    Google Scholar
  • 16 Tangsuksan P, Srichana T, Kettratad M, Nittayananta W. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of α-mangosteen soluble film. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12 (02) 189-198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Zhang Z, Liu D, Liu S, Zhang S, Pan Y. The role of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in periodontal disease and related systemic diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10: 585917
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Zhang Q, Chen B, Yan F. et al. Interleukin-10 inhibits bone resorption: a potential therapeutic strategy in periodontitis and other bone loss diseases. BioMed Res Int 2014; 2014: 284836
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Yang X, Niu L, Pan Y. et al. LL-37-induced autophagy contributed to the elimination of live Porphyromonas gingivalis internalized in keratinocytes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10: 561761
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Ribeiro AERA, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF, Komesu MC. Salivary Expression of antimicrobial peptide LL37 and its correlation with pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with different periodontal treatment needs. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020; 26 (04) 2547-2553
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Sumorejo P, Listiawan MY, Putri AI, Rantam FA, Susilowati H, Hendrianto E. The role of stem cell metabolites derived from placenta for skin regeneration: an in vitro study. Bali Med J 2019; 8 (01) 354-359
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Citterio F, Gualini G, Fierravanti L, Aimetti M. Stem cells and periodontal regeneration: present and future. Plast Aesthet Res 2020; 7: 41
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Kim SH, Seo BM, Choung PH, Lee YM. Adult stem cell therapy for periodontal disease. Int J Stem Cells 2010; 3 (01) 16-21
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Xia J, Minamino S, Kuwabara K, Arai S. Stem cell secretome as a new booster for regenerative medicine. Biosci Trends 2019; 13 (04) 299-307
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Zhang Q, Chen B, Yan F. et al. Interleukin-10 inhibits bone resorption: A potential therapeutic strategy in periodontitis and other bone loss diseases. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 284836
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Shi T, Jin Y, Miao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Lin X. IL-10 secreting B cells regulate periodontal immune response during periodontitis. Odontology 2020; 108 (03) 350-357
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Gutierrez-Orozco F, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Lesinski GB, Suksamrarn S, Failla ML. α-Mangosteen: anti-inflammatory activity and metabolism by human cells. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61 (16) 3891-3900
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Sayekti M, Rizqiawan A, Soesilawati P, Mira NP, Kamadjaja DB, Rahman MZ. The effect of alpha-mangosteen on interleukin-10 and collagen 1A1 gene in the inflammation process: an experimental in-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2022; 14 (04) 403-408
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Wang X, Wong K, Ouyang W, Rutz S. Targeting IL-10 family cytokines for the treatment of human diseases. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11 (02) a028548
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Toker H, Gorgun EP, Korkmaz EM, Yüce HB, Poyraz O. The effects of IL-10 gene polymorphism on serum, and gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in chronic periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26 (00) e20170232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Geng Y, Li L, Wang X. et al. Interleukin-10 polymorphisms affect the key periodontal pathogens in Chinese periodontitis patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8 (01) 9068
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Chen X, Wan Z, Yang L. et al. Exosomes derived from reparative M2-like macrophages prevent bone loss in murine periodontitis models via IL-10 mRNA. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20 (01) 110
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Kahlenberg JM, Kaplan MJ. Little peptide, big effects: the role of LL-37 in inflammation and autoimmune disease. J Immunol 2013; 191 (10) 4895-4901
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Pahar B, Madonna S, Das A, Albanesi C, Girolomoni G. Immunomodulatory Role of the Antimicrobial LL-37 Peptide in Autoimmune Diseases and Viral Infections. Vaccines 2020; 8 (03) 517
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Rosenfeld Y, Papo N, Shai Y. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) neutralization by innate immunity host-defense peptides. Peptide properties and plausible modes of action. J Biol Chem 2006; 281 (03) 1636-1643
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Kim HJ, Cho DH, Lee KJ. et al. LL-37 suppresses sodium nitroprusside-induced apoptosis of systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20 (10) 843-845
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Alcayaga-Miranda F, Cuenca J, Khoury M. Antimicrobial activity of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and new perspectives of antimicrobial peptide-based therapies. Front Immunol 2017; 8: 339
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Chessa C, Bodet C, Jousselin C, Wehbe M, Lévêque N, Garcia M. Antiviral and immunomodulatory properties of antimicrobial peptides poduced by human keratinocytes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11: 1155
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Chinipardaz Z, Zhong JM, Yang S. Regulation of LL-37 in bone and periodontium regeneration. Life (Basel) 2022; 12 (10) 1533
    Google Scholar
  • 40 Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. The potentials of short fragments of human anti-microbial peptide LL-37 as a novel therapeutic modality for diseases. Front Biosci 2021; 26 (11) 1362-1372
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 McCrudden MTC, O'Donnell K, Irwin CR, Lundy FT. Effects of LL-37 on gingival fibroblasts: a role in periodontal tissue remodeling?. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6 (03) 44
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Li L, Peng Y, Yuan Q, Sun J, Zhuang A, Bi X. Cathelicidin LL37 promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo . Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9: 638494
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Zhang C, Delawary M, Huang P, Korchak JA, Suda K, Zubair AC. IL-10 mRNA engineered MSCs demonstrate enhanced anti-inflammation in an acute GvHD model. Cells 2021; 10 (11) 3101
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Wang J, Ren H, Yuan X, Ma H, Shi X, Ding Y. Interleukin-10 secreted by mesenchymal stem cells attenuates acute liver failure through inhibiting pyroptosis. Hepatol Res 2018; 48 (03) E194-E202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar