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Übersicht

Risikofaktoren und frühe Vorläufersymptome der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)

Published Online:August 28, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000118

Abstract

Einer ADHS liegen in der Regel multiple miteinander interagierende Faktoren zugrunde. Zu den Risikofaktoren zählen neben genetischen Faktoren auch verschiedene Umwelteinflüsse wie sozioökonomische Risiken oder mütterlicher Substanzkonsum. Diese Umwelteinflüsse können jedoch teilweise auch Ausdruck einer entsprechenden genetischen Prädisposition der Eltern für eine ADHS darstellen, sodass eine klare Trennung zwischen genetischen und umweltbedingten Einflüssen auf die Entstehung der ADHS nur begrenzt möglich und sinnvoll ist. Da der Störung ein komplexes Zusammenspiel multipler voneinander unabhängiger Risikofaktoren zugrunde liegt, wird ADHS inzwischen eher im Sinne einer Dimension denn im Sinne einer Kategorie verstanden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit soll ein Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse bezüglich Risikofaktoren und Vorläufersymptomen von ADHS gegeben werden.


Risk factors and early precursor symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Multiple interacting factors contribute to the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Risk factors of ADHD comprise genetic as well as environmental factors such as socioeconomic status or maternal substance abuse. However, as some environmental factors could result from a parental genetic disposition for ADHD, a clear distinction between the impact of genetic and environmental factors is only possible to a limited extend and not necessarily reasonable. Because of the complex interplay of multiple independent risk factors, a dimensional view of ADHD begins to prevail in contrast to treating ADHD as a categorical entity. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of risk factors and early precursor symptoms of ADHD.

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