Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Rolle von Gedankenunterdrückung bei der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung psychischer Störungen wird immer häufiger auch experimentell untersucht. Dabei unterscheiden sich die Studien darin, ob die Versuchspersonen während der Unterdrückungsphasen laut oder leise denken sollen. Fragestellung: Untersuchung des Effekts dieser Variation auf die Prozesse und den Erfolg der Gedankenunterdrückung sowie auf das Erleben der Versuchspersonen. Methode: 108 Personen wurden einer der beiden experimentellen Bedingungen (lautes/leises Denken) zugeordnet. Ergebnisse: Zwischen den Gruppen zeigten sich nur geringe Unterschiede beim Erfolg der Unterdrückung und den verwendeten Strategien. Hinsichtlich der Befindlichkeit und der Präferenz der Versuchspersonen fiel das leise Denken deutlich positiver aus. Schlußfolgerung: Für die Arbeit mit Patientenstichproben ist das leise Denken zu empfehlen.
Abstract.Background: Thought suppression seems to play an important role in the origin of mental disorders. It is increasingly often investigated using experimental paradigms. Thinking aloud or thinking silently seems to be an important variation of the instructions. Objective: Investigation of the effect of this variation on the processes and the success of thought suppression, as well as on the emotional state of the participants. Method: 108 participants were allocated to one of two experimental conditions (think aloud/think silently). Results: The success of suppression and the strategies used showed little differences with regard to instructions, whereas participants felt a lot better thinking silently. Conclusions: When investigating patients, thinking silently is recommended.
Literatur
Beck, A. T. , Brown, G. , Epstein, N. , Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties.. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 893– 897 .Beck, A. T. , Ward, C. H. , Mendelson, M. E. , Mock, J. , Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression.. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561– 571 .Becker, E. S. , Rinck, M. , Roth, W. T. , Margraf, J. (1998). Don´t Worry and Beware of White Bears: Thought Suppression in Anxiety Patients.. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, 39– 55 .Clark, D. M. , Winton, E. , Thynn, L. (1993). A further experimental investigation of thought suppression.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 207– 210 .Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. . Hillsdale: Erlbaum .Conway, M. , Howell, A. , Giannopoulos, C. (1991). Dysphoria and thought suppression.. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 153– 166 .Davies, M. I. , Clark, D. M. (1998). Thought suppression produces a rebound effect with analogue post-traumatic intrusions.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 571– 582 .Ehlers, A. , Mayou, R. A. , Bryant, B. (1998). Psychological predictors of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents.. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 508– 519 .Fehm, L. (1993). Gedankenunterdrückung, Depersonalisation und Angstanfälle. . Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit, Fachbereich Psychologie der Philipps-Universität Marburg .Harnden, J. L. , McNally, R. J. , Jimerson, D. C. (1997). Effects of suppressing thoughts about body weight: A comparison of dieters and nondieters.. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22, 285– 290 .Harvey, A. G. , Bryant, R. A. (1998a). The effect of attempted thought suppression in acute stress disorder.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 583– 590 .Hautzinger, M. , Bailer, J. , Keller, F. (1994). Beck-Depressions-Inventar (BDI). . Bern: Huber .Kuyken, W. , Brewin, C. R. (1994). Intrusive memories of childhood abuse during depressive episodes.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 525– 528 .Lavy, E. H. , van den Hout, M. A. (1990). Thought suppression induces intrusions.. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 18, 251– 258 .Margraf, J. , Ehlers, A. (1998). Das Beck-Angst-Inventar (BAI). . Bern: Huber .Morgan, I. A. , Matthews, G. , Winton, M. (1995). Coping and personality as predictors of posttraumatic intrusions, numbing, avoidance and general distress: A study of victims of the Perth flood.. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychology, 23, 251– 264 .Muris, P. , De Jongh, A. , Merckelbach, H. , Postema, S. , Vet, M. (1998). Thought suppression in phobic and non-phobic dental patients.. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 11, 275– 287 .Muris, P. , Merckelbach, H. , Horselenberg, R. , Sijsenaar, M. , Leeuw, I. (1997). Thought suppression in spider phobia.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 769– 774 .Muris, P. , Merckelbach, H. , de Jong, P. (1993). Verbalization and environmental cuing in thought suppression.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 609– 612 .Muris, P. , Merckelbach, H. , van den Hout, M. , de Jong, P. (1992). Suppression of emotional and neutral material.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 639– 642 .Rutledge, P. C. , Hancock, R. A. , Rutledge, J. H. (1996). Predictors of thought rebound.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 555– 562 .Salkovskis, P. M. , Campbell, P. (1994). Thought suppression induces intrusion in naturally occurring negative intrusive thoughts.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 1– 8 .Salkovskis, P. M. , Reynolds, M. (1994). Thought suppression and smoking cessation.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 193– 201 .Salkovskis, P. M. , Westbrook, D. , Davis, J. , Jeavons, A. , Gledhill, A. (1997). Effects of neutralizing on intrusive thoughts: An experiment investigating the etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 211– 219 .Smári, J. , Sigurjónsdóttir, H. , Saemundsdóttir, I. (1994). Thought suppression and obsession-compulsion.. Psychological Reports, 75, 227– 235 .Wegner, D. M. , Schneider, D. J. , Carter, S. R. , White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5– 13 .Wegner, D. M. , Schneider, D. J. , Knutson, B. , McMahon, S. R. (1991). Polluting the stream of consiousness: The effect of thought suppression on the mind’s environment.. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 15, 141– 152 .Wells, A. , Davies, M. I. (1994). The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts.. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871– 878 .Wenzlaff, R. M. , Wegner, D. M. , Klein, S. B. (1991). The role of thought suppression in the bonding of thought and mood.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 500– 508 .Wenzlaff, R. M. , Wegner, D. M. , Roper, D. W. (1988). Depression and mental control: The resurgence of unwanted negative thoughts.. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 882– 892 .
