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2008 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

16 Speekselklieraandoeningen en speeksel

Auteur : Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen

Gepubliceerd in: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Samenvatting

Algemeen voorkomende verschijnselen die gepaard gaan met bacteriële of virale ontstekingen van de speekselklieren zijn pijn, zwellingen en obstructie van de afvoergangen. Als gevolg hiervan treedt vaak verlaagde speekselsecretie op en verandering van de elektrolytconcentraties en eiwitsamenstelling.
Bij het syndroom van Sjögren treden als specifieke veranderingen van speeksel op een verhoging van het lipidegehalte, in het bijzonder van fosfolipiden, een verhoging van immuuncomponenten, waaronder IgG en β₂-microglobuline en abnormale S-IgA-moleculen met anti-IgG-autoantilichaamactiviteit. Niet-specifieke veranderingen die optreden zijn een relatief sterke Na⁺- en Cl^--toename en daling van de fosfaatconcentratie.
De invloed van speekselkliertumoren op speeksel blijft grotendeels beperkt tot voortgaande reductie van de secretiesnelheid en de eiwitconcentratie. Verwijdering van de speekselkliertumor met radiotherapeutische nabehandeling resulteert veelal in een vorm van xerostomie (zie hoofdstuk 22). Ditzelfde geldt, vaak in sterkere mate, voor elke oncologische (na)behandeling in het hoofd-halsgebied waarbij de speekselklieren in het bestralingsveld zijn gelegen en een cumulatieve dosis ontvangen die de herstelcapaciteit van de desbetreffende speekselklier(en) te boven gaat.
De gevolgen van chemotherapie voor de mondholte zijn vooral smaakveranderingen, mucositis en xerostomie. In tegenstelling tot de effecten van bestraling zijn de effecten van chemotherapie op de speekselklieren gewoonlijk reversibel.
Bestraling van de speekselklieren leidt zowel acuut als op lange termijn tot een daling van de speekselsecretie. De effecten op de orale mucosa en de smaakgewaarwording hebben vaak een meer tijdelijk karakter, hoewel de orale mucosa wel gevoeliger blijft voor invloeden van buitenaf (atrofie) en de patiënten vaak ervaren dat de smaak na herstel is veranderd.
Bij het natriumretentiesyndroom treedt zo nu en dan pijnloze unilaterale zwelling op van de gl. parotidea; het parotisspeeksel wordt gekarakteriseerd door een extreem lage Na⁺- en bicarbonaatconcentratie.
Bij sialoadenose treedt pijnloze zwelling op van beide gl. parotideae.

vorige hoofdstuk 15 Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in oraal biochemisch onderzoek

volgende hoofdstuk 17 Systemische aandoeningen en speeksel

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Titel: 16 Speekselklieraandoeningen en speeksel
Auteur: Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen
Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
Boek: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid
Print ISBN: 978-90-313-5173-2

Elektronisch ISBN: 978-90-313-6317-9

Copyright: 2008
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6317-9_16

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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