Skip to main content
Top

2008 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

24 Halitose of foetor ex ore

Auteur : Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen

Gepubliceerd in: Speeksel, speekselklieren en mondgezondheid

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Samenvatting

  • Ongeveer 15% van de Nederlandse bevolking heeft in meer of mindere mate last van een slechte adem. Dit neemt met de leeftijd toe: 25% van de 70-jarigen heeft een slechte adem.
  • Een goede mondhygiëne is van primair belang om halitose tegen te gaan.
  • Slechte adem wordt vooral veroorzaakt door het metabolisme van anaerobe mondbacteriën, waarbij vluchtige zwavelverbindingen, verantwoordelijk voor de slechte adem, vrijkomen.
  • Zwavelverbindingen, zoals H2S en CH3SH, spelen mogelijk een rol bij de pathogenese van parodontitis.
  • Als hulpmiddel kunnen antiseptische mondspoelwaters worden gebruikt Daarnaast is regelmatige stimulatie van de speekselafgifte, bijvoorbeeld door kauwgom, gunstig vanwege de aanwezige antimicrobiële eiwitten in speeksel en voor de bevordering van de zelfreinigende werking van speeksel in de mondholte.
Noot: Dit hoofdstuk is een bewerking van een eerder verschenen artikel in het Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde, januari 1994. Met toestemming van de uitgever is dit artikel overgenomen.
Literatuur
go back to reference Berg M., D.Y. Burryll en L.S. Fosdick. Chemical studies in periodontal disease. IV. Putrefaction rate as index of periodontal disease. J. Dent. Res. 26, (1947)67.PubMedCrossRef Berg M., D.Y. Burryll en L.S. Fosdick. Chemical studies in periodontal disease. IV. Putrefaction rate as index of periodontal disease. J. Dent. Res. 26, (1947)67.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Boever E.H. de. Diagnose en behandeling van halitosis. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 102, (1995)174–177.PubMed Boever E.H. de. Diagnose en behandeling van halitosis. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 102, (1995)174–177.PubMed
go back to reference Bosy A., G.V. Kulkarni, M. Rosenberg en C.A.G. McCulloch. Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: Evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations. J. Periodontol. 65, (1994)37–46.PubMedCrossRef Bosy A., G.V. Kulkarni, M. Rosenberg en C.A.G. McCulloch. Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: Evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations. J. Periodontol. 65, (1994)37–46.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Calil C.M. en F.K. Marcondes. Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulfur compounds. Life Sci.79, (2006)660–664.PubMedCrossRef Calil C.M. en F.K. Marcondes. Influence of anxiety on the production of oral volatile sulfur compounds. Life Sci.79, (2006)660–664.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Carlsson J., R. Claesson en S. Persson. Production of volatile sulfur compounds in periodontal pockets. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)337. Carlsson J., R. Claesson en S. Persson. Production of volatile sulfur compounds in periodontal pockets. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)337.
go back to reference Carlsson J., J.T. Larsen en M.B. Edlund. Peptostreptococcus Micros has a uniquely high capacity to form hydrogen sulfide from glutathione. OralMicrobiol. Immunol. 8, (1993)42–45. Carlsson J., J.T. Larsen en M.B. Edlund. Peptostreptococcus Micros has a uniquely high capacity to form hydrogen sulfide from glutathione. OralMicrobiol. Immunol. 8, (1993)42–45.
go back to reference Cooke M., N. Leeves en C. White. Time profile of putrescine, cadaverine, indole and skatole in human saliva. Archs Oral Biol. 48, (2003)323–327.CrossRef Cooke M., N. Leeves en C. White. Time profile of putrescine, cadaverine, indole and skatole in human saliva. Archs Oral Biol. 48, (2003)323–327.CrossRef
go back to reference Courtois J. Halitose. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelk. 94, (1987)56–62. Courtois J. Halitose. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelk. 94, (1987)56–62.
go back to reference Delanghe G., C. Bollen, D. van Steenberghe en L. Feenstra. Halitose, foetor ex ore. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 105, (1998)314–317.PubMed Delanghe G., C. Bollen, D. van Steenberghe en L. Feenstra. Halitose, foetor ex ore. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 105, (1998)314–317.PubMed
go back to reference Eli I., R. Baht, A. Kozlovsky en M. Rosenberg. The complaint of oral malodor: possible psychopathological aspects. Psychosom. Med. 58, (1996)156–159.PubMedCrossRef Eli I., R. Baht, A. Kozlovsky en M. Rosenberg. The complaint of oral malodor: possible psychopathological aspects. Psychosom. Med. 58, (1996)156–159.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Garfield E. Halitosis, the silent affliction: a profile of bad-breath research. Curr. Cont. 1 nov. (1982)5–11. Garfield E. Halitosis, the silent affliction: a profile of bad-breath research. Curr. Cont. 1 nov. (1982)5–11.
go back to reference Goldberg S., A. Kozlovsky, D. Gordon, I. Gelernter, A. Sintov en M. Rosenberg. Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1168–1172.PubMed Goldberg S., A. Kozlovsky, D. Gordon, I. Gelernter, A. Sintov en M. Rosenberg. Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1168–1172.PubMed
go back to reference Goldberg S., H. Cardash, H. Browning, H. Sahly en M. Rosenberg. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from the mouth and potential association with malodor. J. Dent. Res. 76, (1997)1770–1775.PubMedCrossRef Goldberg S., H. Cardash, H. Browning, H. Sahly en M. Rosenberg. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from the mouth and potential association with malodor. J. Dent. Res. 76, (1997)1770–1775.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hinode D., M. Fukui, N. Yokoyama, M. Yokoyama, M. Yoshioka en R. Nakamura. Relationship between tongue coating and secretory-immunoglobulin A level in saliva obtained from patients complaining of oral malodor. J. Clin. Periodontol. 30, (2003)1017–1023.PubMedCrossRef Hinode D., M. Fukui, N. Yokoyama, M. Yokoyama, M. Yoshioka en R. Nakamura. Relationship between tongue coating and secretory-immunoglobulin A level in saliva obtained from patients complaining of oral malodor. J. Clin. Periodontol. 30, (2003)1017–1023.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Iwakura M., Y. Yasuno, M. Shimura en S. Sakamoto. Clinical characteristics of halitosis: differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1568–1574.PubMed Iwakura M., Y. Yasuno, M. Shimura en S. Sakamoto. Clinical characteristics of halitosis: differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1568–1574.PubMed
go back to reference Johnson P.W. en J. Tonzetich. Sulfur uptake by type I collagen from methyl mercaptan/dimethyl disulfide air mixtures. J. Dent. Res. 64, (1985) 1361–1364.PubMedCrossRef Johnson P.W. en J. Tonzetich. Sulfur uptake by type I collagen from methyl mercaptan/dimethyl disulfide air mixtures. J. Dent. Res. 64, (1985) 1361–1364.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Johnson P.W., K. Yaegaki en J. Tonzetich. Effect of volatile thiol compounds on proteinmetabolism by human gingival fibroblasts. J. Periodontol. Res. 27, (1992)553–561.CrossRef Johnson P.W., K. Yaegaki en J. Tonzetich. Effect of volatile thiol compounds on proteinmetabolism by human gingival fibroblasts. J. Periodontol. Res. 27, (1992)553–561.CrossRef
go back to reference Kang M.-S., B.-G. Kim, J. Chung, H.-C. Lee en J.S. Oh. Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. J. Clin. Periodontol. 33, (2006)226–232.PubMedCrossRef Kang M.-S., B.-G. Kim, J. Chung, H.-C. Lee en J.S. Oh. Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria on the production of volatile sulphur compounds. J. Clin. Periodontol. 33, (2006)226–232.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kleinberg I. en G. Westbay. Oral malodor. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 4, (1990)247–259. Kleinberg I. en G. Westbay. Oral malodor. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 4, (1990)247–259.
go back to reference Kleinberg I. en G. Westbay. Salivary and metabolic factors involved in oral malodor formation. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)768–775.PubMedCrossRef Kleinberg I. en G. Westbay. Salivary and metabolic factors involved in oral malodor formation. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)768–775.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Koshimune S., S. Awano, K. Gohara, T. Ansai en T. Takehara. Low salivary flow and volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Oral Surg. Oral. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 96, (2003)38–41.PubMedCrossRef Koshimune S., S. Awano, K. Gohara, T. Ansai en T. Takehara. Low salivary flow and volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air. Oral Surg. Oral. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 96, (2003)38–41.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kostelc J.G., P.R. Zelson, G. Preti en J. Tonzetich. Quantitative differences in volatiles from healthy mouths and mouths with periodontitis. Clin. Chem. 27, (1981)842–845.PubMed Kostelc J.G., P.R. Zelson, G. Preti en J. Tonzetich. Quantitative differences in volatiles from healthy mouths and mouths with periodontitis. Clin. Chem. 27, (1981)842–845.PubMed
go back to reference Kozlovsky A., D. Gordon, I. Gelernter, W.J. Loesche en M. Rosenberg. Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1036–1042.PubMed Kozlovsky A., D. Gordon, I. Gelernter, W.J. Loesche en M. Rosenberg. Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters. J. Dent. Res. 73, (1994)1036–1042.PubMed
go back to reference Lancero H., J. Niu en P.W. Johnson. Exposure of periodontal ligament cells to methyl mercaptan reduces intracellular pH and inhibits cell migration. J. Dent. Res. 75, (1996)1994–2002.PubMedCrossRef Lancero H., J. Niu en P.W. Johnson. Exposure of periodontal ligament cells to methyl mercaptan reduces intracellular pH and inhibits cell migration. J. Dent. Res. 75, (1996)1994–2002.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Morita M. en H.-L. Wang. Association between malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28, (2001)813–819.PubMedCrossRef Morita M. en H.-L. Wang. Association between malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 28, (2001)813–819.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ng W. en J. Tonzetich. Effect of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan on the permeability of oral mucosa. J. Dent. Res. 63, (1984)994–997.PubMedCrossRef Ng W. en J. Tonzetich. Effect of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan on the permeability of oral mucosa. J. Dent. Res. 63, (1984)994–997.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Nieuw Amerongen A. van, E.C.I. Veerman, L. Abraham-Inpijn, T.J.M. van Steenbergen en A.J. van Winkelhoff. Halitosis (foetor ex ore). Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 101, (1994)10–14.PubMed Nieuw Amerongen A. van, E.C.I. Veerman, L. Abraham-Inpijn, T.J.M. van Steenbergen en A.J. van Winkelhoff. Halitosis (foetor ex ore). Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelkd. 101, (1994)10–14.PubMed
go back to reference Oho T., Y. Yoshida, Y. Shimazaki, Y. Yamashita en T. Koga. Psychological condition of patients complaining of halitosis. J. Dent. 29, (2001)31–33.PubMedCrossRef Oho T., Y. Yoshida, Y. Shimazaki, Y. Yamashita en T. Koga. Psychological condition of patients complaining of halitosis. J. Dent. 29, (2001)31–33.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Pitts G., C. Brogdon, L. Hu, T. Masurat, R. Pianotti en P. Schumann. Mechanism of action of an antiseptic, anti-odor mouthwash. J. Dent. Res. 62 (1983)738–742.PubMedCrossRef Pitts G., C. Brogdon, L. Hu, T. Masurat, R. Pianotti en P. Schumann. Mechanism of action of an antiseptic, anti-odor mouthwash. J. Dent. Res. 62 (1983)738–742.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Preti G., L. Clark, B.J. Cowart, R.S. Feldman, L.D. Lowry, E. Weber, e.a. Non-oral etiologies of oral malodor and altered chemosensation. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)790–796.PubMedCrossRef Preti G., L. Clark, B.J. Cowart, R.S. Feldman, L.D. Lowry, E. Weber, e.a. Non-oral etiologies of oral malodor and altered chemosensation. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)790–796.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Quirijnen M. Management of oral malodour. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)17–18.CrossRef Quirijnen M. Management of oral malodour. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)17–18.CrossRef
go back to reference Quirijnen M., H. Zhao, C. Soers, C. Dekeyser, M. Pauwels,W. Coucke, e.a. The impact of periodontal therapy and the adjunctive effect of antiseptics on breath odor-related outcome variables: A doubleblind randomized study. J. Periodontol. 76, (2005)705–712.CrossRef Quirijnen M., H. Zhao, C. Soers, C. Dekeyser, M. Pauwels,W. Coucke, e.a. The impact of periodontal therapy and the adjunctive effect of antiseptics on breath odor-related outcome variables: A doubleblind randomized study. J. Periodontol. 76, (2005)705–712.CrossRef
go back to reference Roldan S., E.G. Winkel, D. Herrera, M. Sanz en A.J. van Winkelhoff. The effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc lactate on the microflora of oral halitosis patients: a dual-centre, double-blind placebocontrolled study. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)427–434.CrossRef Roldan S., E.G. Winkel, D. Herrera, M. Sanz en A.J. van Winkelhoff. The effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc lactate on the microflora of oral halitosis patients: a dual-centre, double-blind placebocontrolled study. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)427–434.CrossRef
go back to reference Roldan S., D. Herrera, I. Santa-Cruz, A. O’Connor, I. Gonzalez en M. Sanz. Comparative effects of different chlorhexidine mouth-rinse formulations on volatile sulphur compounds and salivary bacterial counts. J. Clin. Periodontol. 31, (2004)1128–1134.PubMedCrossRef Roldan S., D. Herrera, I. Santa-Cruz, A. O’Connor, I. Gonzalez en M. Sanz. Comparative effects of different chlorhexidine mouth-rinse formulations on volatile sulphur compounds and salivary bacterial counts. J. Clin. Periodontol. 31, (2004)1128–1134.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg M., G.V. Kulkarni, A. Bosy, en A.G. McCulloch. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)1436–1440.PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg M., G.V. Kulkarni, A. Bosy, en A.G. McCulloch. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)1436–1440.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg M. en A.G. McCulloch. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)776–782.PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg M. en A.G. McCulloch. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. J. Periodontol. 63, (1992)776–782.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg M. Guest Editorial: Halitosis - The need for further research and education. J. Dent. Res. 71, (1992)424.PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg M. Guest Editorial: Halitosis - The need for further research and education. J. Dent. Res. 71, (1992)424.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg M. Clinical assessment of bad breath: current concepts. J. Am. Dent. Ass. 127, (1996)475–481.PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg M. Clinical assessment of bad breath: current concepts. J. Am. Dent. Ass. 127, (1996)475–481.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg M. The science of bad breath. Scient. Am. April (2002)72–79. Rosenberg M. The science of bad breath. Scient. Am. April (2002)72–79.
go back to reference Rosenberg M., A. Kozlovsky, I. Gelernter, O. Cheniak, J. Gabbay, R. Baht, e.a. Self-estimation of oral malodor. J. Dent. Res. 74, (1995)1577–1582.PubMedCrossRef Rosenberg M., A. Kozlovsky, I. Gelernter, O. Cheniak, J. Gabbay, R. Baht, e.a. Self-estimation of oral malodor. J. Dent. Res. 74, (1995)1577–1582.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sreenivasan P.K. en E. Gittins. The effects of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on culturable microorganisms of the tongue and saliva. Microbiol. Res. 159, (2004)365–370.PubMedCrossRef Sreenivasan P.K. en E. Gittins. The effects of a chlorhexidine mouthrinse on culturable microorganisms of the tongue and saliva. Microbiol. Res. 159, (2004)365–370.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Steenbergen T.J.M. van, P. Kastelein, J.J.A. Touw en J. de Graaff. Virulence of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains from periodontal pockets and other sites in experimentally induced skin lesions in mice. J. Periodont. Res. 17, (1982)41–49.PubMedCrossRef Steenbergen T.J.M. van, P. Kastelein, J.J.A. Touw en J. de Graaff. Virulence of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains from periodontal pockets and other sites in experimentally induced skin lesions in mice. J. Periodont. Res. 17, (1982)41–49.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Steenbergen T.J.M. van en J. de Graaff. Proteolytic activity of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 33, (1986)219–222.CrossRef Steenbergen T.J.M. van en J. de Graaff. Proteolytic activity of black-pigmented Bacteroides strains. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 33, (1986)219–222.CrossRef
go back to reference Steenberghe D. van. Breath malodor. Curr. Opinion Periodontol. 4, (1997)137–143. Steenberghe D. van. Breath malodor. Curr. Opinion Periodontol. 4, (1997)137–143.
go back to reference Steenberghe D. van, P. Avontroodt, W. Peeters, M. Pauwels, W. Coucke, A. Lijnen, e.a. Effect of different mouthrinses on morning breath. J. Periodontol. 72, (2001)1183–1191.PubMedCrossRef Steenberghe D. van, P. Avontroodt, W. Peeters, M. Pauwels, W. Coucke, A. Lijnen, e.a. Effect of different mouthrinses on morning breath. J. Periodontol. 72, (2001)1183–1191.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Steenberghe D. van en M. Rosenberg. Bad Breath. A multidisciplinary approach. Leuven University Press, 1996. pp.289. Steenberghe D. van en M. Rosenberg. Bad Breath. A multidisciplinary approach. Leuven University Press, 1996. pp.289.
go back to reference Sterer N. en M. Rosenberg. Effect of deglycosylation of salivary glycoproteins on oral malodour production. Int. Dent. J. 52, (2002)229–232.PubMedCrossRef Sterer N. en M. Rosenberg. Effect of deglycosylation of salivary glycoproteins on oral malodour production. Int. Dent. J. 52, (2002)229–232.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sterer N. en M. Rosenberg. Streptococcus salivarius promotes mucin putrefaction and malodor production by Porphyromonas gingivalis. J. Dent. Res. 85, (2006)910–914.PubMedCrossRef Sterer N. en M. Rosenberg. Streptococcus salivarius promotes mucin putrefaction and malodor production by Porphyromonas gingivalis. J. Dent. Res. 85, (2006)910–914.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sterer N. en Y. Rubinstein. Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. Quintessence Int. 37, (2006)653–658.PubMed Sterer N. en Y. Rubinstein. Effect of various natural medicinals on salivary protein putrefaction and malodor production. Quintessence Int. 37, (2006)653–658.PubMed
go back to reference Swart J.G.N., W.A.M. van der Kwast en I. van der Waal. Foetor ex ore. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelk. 83, (1976)230–233. Swart J.G.N., W.A.M. van der Kwast en I. van der Waal. Foetor ex ore. Ned. Tijdschr. Tandheelk. 83, (1976)230–233.
go back to reference Swart J.G.N. Foetor ex ore en kakogeusie. In: Handboek Tandheelkundige Praktijk (1986) pp B7. 7-1 t/m 7-13. Swart J.G.N. Foetor ex ore en kakogeusie. In: Handboek Tandheelkundige Praktijk (1986) pp B7. 7-1 t/m 7-13.
go back to reference Tonzetich J. Sources, measurements and implications of oral malodour. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)337. Tonzetich J. Sources, measurements and implications of oral malodour. J. Dent. Res. 70, (1991)337.
go back to reference Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J. Periodontol. 48, (1977)13–20.PubMedCrossRef Tonzetich J. Production and origin of oral malodor: a review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J. Periodontol. 48, (1977)13–20.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tonzetich J. en B.C. McBride. Characterization of volatile sulphur production by pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of oral bacteroides. Archs Oral Biol. 26, (1981)963–969.CrossRef Tonzetich J. en B.C. McBride. Characterization of volatile sulphur production by pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of oral bacteroides. Archs Oral Biol. 26, (1981)963–969.CrossRef
go back to reference Tonzetich J., P. Powell en J.D. Waterfield. Effect of methylmercaptan on collagenolytic proteinases and cAMP production. J. Dent. Res. 69, (1990)274. Tonzetich J., P. Powell en J.D. Waterfield. Effect of methylmercaptan on collagenolytic proteinases and cAMP production. J. Dent. Res. 69, (1990)274.
go back to reference Willis C.L., G.R. Gibson, J. Holt en C. Allison. Negative correlation between oral malodour and numbers and activities of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the human mouth. Archs Oral Biol. 44, (1999)665–670.CrossRef Willis C.L., G.R. Gibson, J. Holt en C. Allison. Negative correlation between oral malodour and numbers and activities of sulphate-reducing bacteria in the human mouth. Archs Oral Biol. 44, (1999)665–670.CrossRef
go back to reference Winkel E.G., S. Roldan, A.J. van Winkelhoff, D. Herrera en M. Sanz. Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis – A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)300–306.CrossRef Winkel E.G., S. Roldan, A.J. van Winkelhoff, D. Herrera en M. Sanz. Clinical effects of a new mouthrinse containing chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc-lactate on oral halitosis – A dual-center, double-blind placebo-controlled study. J. Clin. Periodont. 30, (2003)300–306.CrossRef
go back to reference Winkelhoff A.J. van, U. van der Velden, E.G. Winkel en J. de Graaff. Black-pigmented Bacteroides and motile organisms on oral mucosal surfaces in individuals with and without periodontal breakdown. J. Period. Res. 21, (1986)434–439.CrossRef Winkelhoff A.J. van, U. van der Velden, E.G. Winkel en J. de Graaff. Black-pigmented Bacteroides and motile organisms on oral mucosal surfaces in individuals with and without periodontal breakdown. J. Period. Res. 21, (1986)434–439.CrossRef
go back to reference Winkelhoff A.J. van, U. van der Velden, M. Clement en J. de Graaff. Intra-oral distribution of blackpigmented Bacteroides species in periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 3, (1988)83–85.PubMedCrossRef Winkelhoff A.J. van, U. van der Velden, M. Clement en J. de Graaff. Intra-oral distribution of blackpigmented Bacteroides species in periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 3, (1988)83–85.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Biochemical and clinical factors influencing oral malodor in periodontal patients. J. Periodont. 63, (1991)783–789.CrossRef Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Biochemical and clinical factors influencing oral malodor in periodontal patients. J. Periodont. 63, (1991)783–789.CrossRef
go back to reference Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Effects of a two-phase oilwater mouthwash on halitosis. Clin. Prev. Dent. 14, (1992)1–5. Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Effects of a two-phase oilwater mouthwash on halitosis. Clin. Prev. Dent. 14, (1992)1–5.
go back to reference Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. J. Periodont. Res. 27, (1992)233–238.PubMedCrossRef Yaegaki K. en K. Sanada. Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. J. Periodont. Res. 27, (1992)233–238.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Young A., G. Jonski, G. Rölla en S.M. Wäler. Effects of metal salts on the oral production of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC). J. Clin. Periodontol. 28, (2001)776–781.PubMedCrossRef Young A., G. Jonski, G. Rölla en S.M. Wäler. Effects of metal salts on the oral production of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC). J. Clin. Periodontol. 28, (2001)776–781.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Young A., G. Jonski en G. Rölla. Inhibition of orally produced volatile sulfur compounds by zinc, chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride – Effect of concentration. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 111, (2003)400–404.PubMedCrossRef Young A., G. Jonski en G. Rölla. Inhibition of orally produced volatile sulfur compounds by zinc, chlorhexidine or cetylpyridinium chloride – Effect of concentration. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 111, (2003)400–404.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Zappacosta B., A. Manni, S. Persichilli, D. Scibano, A. Minucci, D. Lazzaro, e.a. Clinical characteristics of halitosis: differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis.’ Clin. Chim. Acta 338, (2003)57–60.CrossRef Zappacosta B., A. Manni, S. Persichilli, D. Scibano, A. Minucci, D. Lazzaro, e.a. Clinical characteristics of halitosis: differences in two patient groups with primary and secondary complaints of halitosis.’ Clin. Chim. Acta 338, (2003)57–60.CrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
24 Halitose of foetor ex ore
Auteur
Prof. dr. A. van Nieuw Amerongen
Copyright
2008
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6317-9_24