Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

28-04-2021

Who Looks on the Bright Side? Expectations of Low-Income Parents with a Disruptive Young Child

Auteurs: Alexandra D. W. Sullivan, Kat L. Wright, Nicole Breslend, April Highlander, Rex Forehand, Deborah J. Jones

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 4/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Low-income parents are more likely to have a child with disruptive behaviors. Furthermore, these parents are likely to struggle with low expectations about the future, which can interfere with treatment response to even the most effective treatments. The purpose of this study was to explore correlates of low-income parents’ expectations, specifically hopelessness and optimism, in families with clinic-referred disruptive young children. Using baseline data from an intervention trial (Jones et al., 2021), we used a multi-informant approach to test whether parenting behaviors, child misbehavior, and parental daily stressors were related to parent hopelessness and optimism. Results based on the Everyday Stress Index indicated that only daily stressors, particularly those related to relationships and responsibilities, were related to parent feelings of hopelessness and optimism. Results were interpreted through transactional and ecological systems theories, particularly the Family Stress Model (Conger & Conger, 2002), as well as a low-income parent’s self-efficacy as a caregiver. Clinical implications are discussed.
Voetnoten
1
Given our aim to better understand parent expectations as they relate to intervention for child disruptive behaviors, we excluded parents who were currently experiencing a depressive or psychotic episode, or who were actively engaging in substance use. The presence of depression, psychosis, or substance abuse in a parent may call for a differing treatment approach that prioritizes individual treatment for the parent (Forehand & Sullivan, 2017).
 
2
For this caregiver, observations identified atypically high levels of attends and rewards (>5 SDs above the mean) and atypically low numbers (i.e., zero) of questions and instructions during the parent-child interaction.
 
3
We excluded child and parent characteristics from Figure 1 as they were not primary constructs of interest.
 
4
Given the low factor loadings of two items on the Relationship/Responsibilities factor, we reran the model with the two lowest loading factors dropped (.29 & .30). Results were consistent with the model including the original items.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Olsson, M. B. (2005). Preschool children with and without developmental delay: Behavior problems, parents’ optimism and well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(8), 575–590. https://doi.org/10.111/j.1365-2788.2005.00691.x. Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Olsson, M. B. (2005). Preschool children with and without developmental delay: Behavior problems, parents’ optimism and well-being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(8), 575–590. https://​doi.​org/​10.​111/​j.​1365-2788.​2005.​00691.​x.​
go back to reference Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory. The Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the Beck anxiety inventory. The Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the Beck Hopelessness Scale. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T.,  & Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the Beck Hopelessness Scale. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Corporation. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Bell, S. K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Parent–child interaction therapy: A dyadic intervention for the treatment of young children with conduct problems. In L. Vandecreek & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 20, pp. 57–74). Sarasota: Professional Resource Exchange. Bell, S. K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Parent–child interaction therapy: A dyadic intervention for the treatment of young children with conduct problems. In L. Vandecreek & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 20, pp. 57–74). Sarasota: Professional Resource Exchange.
go back to reference Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The Bioecological Model of Human Development. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (p. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons Inc. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The Bioecological Model of Human Development. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (p. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
go back to reference Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 993–1023). New York: Wiley. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 993–1023). New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. (1997). The effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7(2), 55–71.CrossRef Brooks-Gunn, J., & Duncan, G. (1997). The effects of poverty on children. The Future of Children, 7(2), 55–71.CrossRef
go back to reference Chacko, A., Jensen, S. A., Lowry, L. S., Cornwell, M., Chimklis, A., Chan, E., Lee, D., & Pulgarin, B. (2016). Engagement in Behavioral Parent Training: Review of the literature and implications for practice. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(3), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0205-2. Chacko, A., Jensen, S. A., Lowry, L. S., Cornwell, M., Chimklis, A., Chan, E., Lee, D., & Pulgarin, B. (2016). Engagement in Behavioral Parent Training: Review of the literature and implications for practice. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(3), 204–215. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10567-016-0205-2.
go back to reference Chaudry, A. & Wimer, C. (2016). Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Academic Pediatrics, 16(3), 23-29. Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Chaudry, A. & Wimer, C. (2016). Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being. Academic Pediatrics, 16(3), 23-29. Poverty is not just an indicator: The relationship between income, poverty, and child well-being.
go back to reference Chronis-Tuscano, A., O'Brien, K., & Danko, C. M. (2020). Supporting caregivers of children with ADHD: An integrated parenting program, Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press. Chronis-Tuscano, A., O'Brien, K., & Danko, C. M. (2020). Supporting caregivers of children with ADHD: An integrated parenting program, Therapist Guide. Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Conger, R. D., & Conger, K. J. (2002). Resilience in Midwestern families: Selected findings from the first decade of a prospective, longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 361–373.CrossRef Conger, R. D., & Conger, K. J. (2002). Resilience in Midwestern families: Selected findings from the first decade of a prospective, longitudinal study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 361–373.CrossRef
go back to reference Damron, K. R. (2016). An examination of maternal stress and secondhand smoke exposure on perinatal smoking status (doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky. Damron, K. R. (2016). An examination of maternal stress and secondhand smoke exposure on perinatal smoking status (doctoral dissertation). University of Kentucky.
go back to reference Durand, V. M., Hieneman, M., Clarke, S., & Zona, M. (2009). Optimistic parenting: Hope and help for parents with challenging children. In W. Sailor, G. Dunlap, G. Sugai, & R. H. Horner (Eds.), Handbook of positive behavior support (pp. 233–256). New York: Springer. Durand, V. M., Hieneman, M., Clarke, S., & Zona, M. (2009). Optimistic parenting: Hope and help for parents with challenging children. In W. Sailor, G. Dunlap, G. Sugai, & R. H. Horner (Eds.), Handbook of positive behavior support (pp. 233–256). New York: Springer.
go back to reference Durand, V. M. (2011). Optimistic parenting: Hope and help for you and your challenging child. Paul H. Brookes. Durand, V. M. (2011). Optimistic parenting: Hope and help for you and your challenging child. Paul H. Brookes.
go back to reference Eyberg, S., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory & Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory- Revised: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources. Eyberg, S., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory & Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory- Revised: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
go back to reference Fayed, N., Klassen, A. F., Dix, D., Klaassen, R., & Sung, L. (2011). Exploring predictors of optimism among parents of children with cancer. Psycho-oncology, 20(4), 411–418.CrossRef Fayed, N., Klassen, A. F., Dix, D., Klaassen, R., & Sung, L. (2011). Exploring predictors of optimism among parents of children with cancer. Psycho-oncology, 20(4), 411–418.CrossRef
go back to reference Hall L.A. (1983). Social support, everyday stress, and maternal mental health (unpublished doctoral dissertation) Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina. Hall L.A. (1983). Social support, everyday stress, and maternal mental health (unpublished doctoral dissertation) Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.
go back to reference Hall, L.A. (1987). Psychometric evaluation of the everyday stressors index (ESI). Unpublished manuscript. Hall, L.A. (1987). Psychometric evaluation of the everyday stressors index (ESI). Unpublished manuscript.
go back to reference Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K.D., & Wilson, K.G. (2016). Acceptance & Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York; Guilford. Hayes, S.C., Strosahl, K.D., & Wilson, K.G. (2016). Acceptance & Commitment Therapy: The process and practice of mindful change (2nd ed.). New York; Guilford.
go back to reference Jiang, Y., Ekono, M., & Skinner, C. (2016). Basic facts about low-income children: Children under 18 years. National Center for Children in Poverty. Jiang, Y., Ekono, M., & Skinner, C. (2016). Basic facts about low-income children: Children under 18 years. National Center for Children in Poverty.
go back to reference Johnston, C., & Leung, D. W. (2001). Effects of medication, behavioral, and combined treatments on parents' and children's attributions for the behavior of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.69.1.67. Johnston, C., & Leung, D. W. (2001). Effects of medication, behavioral, and combined treatments on parents' and children's attributions for the behavior of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 67–76. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​0022-006X.​69.​1.​67.
go back to reference Jones, D. J., Anton, M., Zachary, C., Pittman, S., Turner, P., Forehand, R., & Khavjou, O. (2016). A review of the key considerations in mental health services research: A focus on low income children and families. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 5(4), 240–257. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000069.CrossRefPubMed Jones, D. J., Anton, M., Zachary, C., Pittman, S., Turner, P., Forehand, R., & Khavjou, O. (2016). A review of the key considerations in mental health services research: A focus on low income children and families. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 5(4), 240–257. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​cfp0000069.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Jones, D. J., Loiselle, R., Zachary, C. R., Georgeson, A., Cline, A., & Highlander, A., Turner, P., Youngstrom, J. K., Khavjou, O., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Breslend, N. L., & Forehand, R. (2021). Optimizing engagement in behavioral parent training: Progress toward a technology-enhanced treatment model. Behavior Therapy, 52(2), 508-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.001. Jones, D. J., Loiselle, R., Zachary, C. R., Georgeson, A., Cline, A., & Highlander, A., Turner, P., Youngstrom, J. K., Khavjou, O., Anton, M., Gonzalez, M., Breslend, N. L., & Forehand, R. (2021). Optimizing engagement in behavioral parent training: Progress toward a technology-enhanced treatment model. Behavior Therapy, 52(2), 508-521. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​beth.​2020.​07.​001.
go back to reference Kashdan, T. B., Pelham, W. E., Lang, A. R., Hoza, B., Jacob, R. G., Jennings, J. R., Blumenthal, J. D., & Gnagy, E. M. (2002). Hope and optimism as human strengths in parents of children with externalizing disorders: Stress is in the eye of the beholder. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 441–468. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.21.4.441.22597.CrossRef Kashdan, T. B., Pelham, W. E., Lang, A. R., Hoza, B., Jacob, R. G., Jennings, J. R., Blumenthal, J. D., & Gnagy, E. M. (2002). Hope and optimism as human strengths in parents of children with externalizing disorders: Stress is in the eye of the beholder. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 441–468. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1521/​jscp.​21.​4.​441.​22597.CrossRef
go back to reference Linehan, M. (2014). DBT skills training manual. Guilford Publications. Linehan, M. (2014). DBT skills training manual. Guilford Publications.
go back to reference McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. (2003). Helping the non-compliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior (2nd ed.). Guilford. McMahon, R. J., & Forehand, R. (2003). Helping the non-compliant child: Family-based treatment for oppositional behavior (2nd ed.). Guilford.
go back to reference Nock, M. K., & Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10(2), 155–180.CrossRef Nock, M. K., & Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Parent expectancies for child therapy: Assessment and relation to participation in treatment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10(2), 155–180.CrossRef
go back to reference Rand, K. L. (2018). Hope, self-efficacy, and optimism: Conceptual and empirical differences. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Hope (p. 45–58). Oxford University Press. Rand, K. L. (2018). Hope, self-efficacy, and optimism: Conceptual and empirical differences. In M. W. Gallagher & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Hope (p. 45–58). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Scaramella, L., Neppl, T. K., Ontai, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2008). Consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage across three generations: Parenting behavior and child externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 725–733. Scaramella, L., Neppl, T. K., Ontai, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2008). Consequences of socioeconomic disadvantage across three generations: Parenting behavior and child externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(5), 725–733.
go back to reference Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063–1078.CrossRef Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the life orientation test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063–1078.CrossRef
go back to reference Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., et al. (1998). The MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 22–33.PubMed Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., et al. (1998). The MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59, 22–33.PubMed
go back to reference Sullivan, A.D., Vreeland, A., Compas, B., & Forehand, R. (2021). Does parenting explain the link between cumulative SES risk and child problems in the context of parental depression? Child Psychiatry & Human Development. Sullivan, A.D., Vreeland, A., Compas, B., & Forehand, R. (2021). Does parenting explain the link between cumulative SES risk and child problems in the context of parental depression? Child Psychiatry & Human Development.
Metagegevens
Titel
Who Looks on the Bright Side? Expectations of Low-Income Parents with a Disruptive Young Child
Auteurs
Alexandra D. W. Sullivan
Kat L. Wright
Nicole Breslend
April Highlander
Rex Forehand
Deborah J. Jones
Publicatiedatum
28-04-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-021-09888-x