Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

01-04-2007 | Original Paper

Who Cares? Revisiting Empathy in Asperger Syndrome

Auteurs: Kimberley Rogers, Isabel Dziobek, Jason Hassenstab, Oliver T. Wolf, Antonio Convit

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 4/2007

Abstract

A deficit in empathy has consistently been cited as a central characteristic of Asperger syndrome (AS), but previous research on adults has predominantly focused on cognitive empathy, effectively ignoring the role of affective empathy. We administered the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a multi-dimensional measure of empathy, and the Strange Stories test to 21 adults with AS and 21 matched controls. Our data show that while the AS group scored lower on the measures of cognitive empathy and theory of mind, they were no different from controls on one affective empathy scale of the IRI (empathic concern), and scored higher than controls on the other (personal distress). Therefore, we propose that the issue of empathy in AS should be revisited.

vorige artikel Systematic Screening for Subtelomeric Anomalies in a Clinical Sample of Autism

volgende artikel Do Children with Autism have a Theory of Mind? A Non-verbal Test of Autism vs. Specific Language Impairment

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

Asperger, H. (1944). Die “Autistischen Psychopathen” im Kindesalter. Archiv fur Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten, 117, 76–136.CrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S., & Wheelwright, S. (2004). The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 34(2), 163–175.PubMedCrossRef

Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The “reading the mind in the eyes” test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 42(2), 241–251.PubMed

Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (2000). Social intelligence-empathy = aggression? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(2), 191–200.CrossRef

Blacher, J., Kraemer, B., & Schalow, M. (2003). Asperger syndrome and high functioning autism: research concerns and emerging foci. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 16(5), 535–542.CrossRef

Christopher, F. S., Owens, L. A., & Stecker, H. L. (1993). Exploring the darkside of courtship: a test of a model of male premarital sexual aggressiveness. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 469–479.CrossRef

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Davis, M. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy. Catalogue of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85.

Davis, M. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113–126.CrossRef

Dziobek, I., Fleck, S., Kalbe, E., Rogers, K., Hassenstab, J., Brand, M., Kessler, J., Woike, J., Wolf, O. T., & Convit, A. (2006). Introducing MASC: a movie for the assessment of social cognition. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, (in press).

Eisenberg, N., & Miller, P. A. (1987). The relation of empathy to prosocial and related behaviors. Psychological Bulletin, 101(1), 91–119.PubMedCrossRef

Flor-Henry, P. (1998). 82 EEG cartography of Asperger’s syndrome and psychopathy compared to healthy controls. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 30(1–2), 33–34.CrossRef

Geer, J. H., Estupinan, L. A., & Manguno-Mire, G. M. (2000). Empathy, social skills, and other relevant cognitive processes in rapists and child molesters. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(1), 99–126.CrossRef

Gillberg, C. L. (1992). The Emanuel Miller Memorial Lecture 1991. Autism and autistic-like conditions: subclasses among disorders of empathy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 33(5), 813–842.PubMed

Green, J., Gilchrist, A., Burton, D., & Cox, A. (2000). Social and psychiatric functioning in adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared with conduct disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(4), 279–293.PubMedCrossRef

Happé, F. G. (1994). An advanced test of theory of mind: understanding of story characters’ thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(2), 129–154.PubMedCrossRef

Happé, F. G., Winner, E., & Brownell, H. (1998). The getting of wisdom: theory of mind in old age. Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 358–362.PubMedCrossRef

Hoffman, M. L. (1984). Interaction of affect and cognition in empathy. In C. E. Izard, & R. B. Kagan (Eds.), Emotions, cognition and behavior (pp. 103–131). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kaland, N., Moller-Nielsen, A., Callesen, K., Mortensen, E. L., Gottlieb, D., & Smith, L. (2002). A new ‘advanced’ test of theory of mind: evidence from children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 43(4), 517–528.

Kim, J. A., Szatmari, P., Bryson, S. E., Streiner, D. L., & Wilson, F. J. (2000). The prevalence of anxiety and mood problems among children with autism and Asperger syndrome. Autism, 4(2), 117–132.CrossRef

Kohler, W. (1929). Gestalt psychology. New York: Liveright.

Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview—revised: a revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.PubMedCrossRef

Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mehrabian, A., & Epstein, N. (1972). A measure of emotional empathy. Journal of Personality, 40(4), 525–543.PubMedCrossRef

Piaget, J. (1932). The moral judgment of the child. New York: Free Press.

Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a ‘theory-of-mind’? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 4, 515–526.CrossRef

Roeyers, H., Buysse, A., Ponnet, K., & Pichal, B. (2001). Advancing advanced mind-reading tests: empathic accuracy in adults with a pervasive developmental disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 42(2), 271–278.PubMed

Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Tomer, R., Yaniv, S., & Aharon-Peretz, J. (2002). Empathy deficits in Asperger syndrome: a cognitive profile. Neurocase, 8(3), 245–252.PubMedCrossRef

Spraggins, E. F., Fox, E. A., & Carey, J. C. (1990). Empathy in clinical dietitians and dietetic interns. Journal of the American Dietary Association, 90(2), 244–249.

Travis, L., Sigman, M., & Ruskin, E. (2001). Links between social understanding and social behavior in verbally able children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(2), 119–130.PubMedCrossRef

Wing, L. (1981). Asperger’s syndrome: a clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11(1), 115–129.PubMedCrossRef

Yirmiya, N., Sigman, M. D., Kasari, C., & Mundy, P. (1992). Empathy and cognition in high-functioning children with autism. Child Development, 63(1), 150–160.PubMedCrossRef

Zachary, R. A. (1940). Shipley Institute of Living Scale—revised. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

Zachary, R. A., Paulson, M. J., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1985). Estimating WAIS IQ from the Shipley Institute of Living Scale using continuously adjusted age norms. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41(6), 820–831.PubMed

Titel: Who Cares? Revisiting Empathy in Asperger Syndrome
Auteurs: Kimberley Rogers
Isabel Dziobek
Jason Hassenstab
Oliver T. Wolf
Antonio Convit
Publicatiedatum: 01-04-2007
Uitgeverij: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 4/2007
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0197-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2007

Brief Report: Error Pattern in an Autistic Savant Calendar Calculator

Using Video Modeling to Teach Complex Social Sequences to Children with Autism

DTkid: Interactive Simulation Software for Training Tutors of Children with Autism

The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Revised Algorithms for Improved Diagnostic Validity

“Brief Report: Increase in Production of Spoken Words in Some Children with Autism after PECS Teaching to Phase III”

Characterization of an Autism-Associated Segmental Maternal Heterodisomy of the Chromosome 15q11–13 Region