Introduction
Methods
Search strategy
Eligibility criteria
Data extraction and analysis
Results
Characteristics | n (%) | |
---|---|---|
Study design | Quantitative | 12 (44.4%) |
Qualitative | 10 (37%) | |
Mixed methods | 5 (18.5%) | |
Implementation location | The Netherlands | 10 (37%) |
Canada | 6 (22.2%) | |
United States | 3 (11.1%) | |
Australia | 1 (3.7%) | |
United Kingdom | 1 (3.7%) | |
Iran | 1 (3.7%) | |
New Zealand | 1 (3.7%) | |
Multiple locations a | 4 (14.8%) | |
Setting | Clinical | 21 (77.8%) |
Pre-clinical | 3 (11.1%) | |
Both | 3 (11.1%) | |
Data sources b | Learner perceptions | 13 (36.1%) |
Teacher perceptions | 11 (30.5%) | |
Assessment data | 12 (33.3%) | |
Kirkpatrick levels | Level 1 | 17 (62.9%) |
Level 2 | 3 (11.1%) | |
Level 1 and Level 2 | 1 (3.7%) | |
Level 3/Level 4 | 0 (0%) | |
Not applicable | 6 (22.2%) |
General description of literature on programmatic assessment
Thematic results
Theme 1: The integration of the decision-making and learning function of assessment
Theme 2: The delicate interplay between quantity and quality of assessment information
Theme 3: The influence of social and personal aspects on assessment perceptions
Discussion
Inferred strategy and exemplifying references |
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Build on creating a shared understanding of programmatic assessment by clearly introducing the nature and purpose, providing explanatory guidelines for individual assessments and how they are used in the system as a whole, and involving teachers and learners in the whole chain of the system [16, 19, 21, 29, 30, 32, 38, 40] |
Be cautious with mandatory requirements, being overly bureaucratic, and the use of summative signals in the design of programmatic assessment [17, 20‐22, 24, 28, 33‐35, 40], but keep the approach flexible, fit for purpose and negotiable, specifically in relation to the information needs of different stakeholders and the realities of the educational context [16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 33, 34, 41] |
Offer leadership in times of change. Cultural change takes time and, although issues should be addressed quickly, programmatic assessment will not be implemented perfectly from the start [38] |