Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies 2/2017

04-10-2016 | Original Paper

Well-being and Need for Support of Adolescents with a Chronically Ill Family Member

Auteurs: Simone A. De Roos, Alice H. De Boer, Sander M. Bot

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 2/2017

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This study investigates whether there are differences in the well-being, need for help and use of support services between adolescents with and without a chronically ill or disabled family member. It also examines the role played by the type of illness, the relationship to the family member and the nature and intensity of the help provided by the adolescent. A Dutch sample of 1581 adolescents (average age 14.6 years) completed a questionnaire in 2010 about mental health problems, pro-social behavior, need for and use of support and the illness of family members and any care tasks performed by the respondent. Young people with a sick family member had more mental health problems than their counterparts without a chronically ill family member. They also reported a greater need for and use of help and support. Performing domestic tasks was found to be a predictor for overall mental health problems. The intensity of the help given was related to the need for help by the adolescent. It is concluded that growing up with a chronically ill family member and spending a lot time performing (domestic) tasks are risk factors for adolescent mental health problems and adolescents’ need for help. Special attention is warranted for those who need support but who do not translate that need into reality by seeking help.
Literatuur
go back to reference Aldridge, J., & Becker, S. (1994). My child, my carer: The parents’ perspective. Loughborough: Loughborough University. Young carers research group Aldridge, J., & Becker, S. (1994). My child, my carer: The parents’ perspective. Loughborough: Loughborough University. Young carers research group
go back to reference Barkmann, C., Romer, G., Watson, M., & Schulte-Markwort, M. (2007). Parental physical illness as a risk for psychosocial maladjustment in children and adolescents: Epidemiological findings from a national survey in Germany. Psychosomatics, 48(6), 476–481.CrossRefPubMed Barkmann, C., Romer, G., Watson, M., & Schulte-Markwort, M. (2007). Parental physical illness as a risk for psychosocial maladjustment in children and adolescents: Epidemiological findings from a national survey in Germany. Psychosomatics, 48(6), 476–481.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Becker, S. (1995). Young carers in Europe; an exploratory cross-national study in Britain, France, Sweden and Germany. Loughborough: Loughborough University. Young carers research group Becker, S. (1995). Young carers in Europe; an exploratory cross-national study in Britain, France, Sweden and Germany. Loughborough: Loughborough University. Young carers research group
go back to reference Becker, S. (2007). Global perspectives on children’s unpaid caregiving in the family. Research and policy on ‘Young Carers’ in the UK, Australia, the USA and Sub-Saharan Africa. Global Social Policy, 7, 23–50.CrossRef Becker, S. (2007). Global perspectives on children’s unpaid caregiving in the family. Research and policy on ‘Young Carers’ in the UK, Australia, the USA and Sub-Saharan Africa. Global Social Policy, 7, 23–50.CrossRef
go back to reference Bilsborough, S. (2004). What we want from adult psychiatrists and their colleagues: “Telling it like it is”. In M. Goepfert, J. Webster, M. V. Seeman (Eds.), Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families (pp. 3–7). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Bilsborough, S. (2004). What we want from adult psychiatrists and their colleagues: “Telling it like it is”. In M. Goepfert, J. Webster, M. V. Seeman (Eds.), Parental Psychiatric Disorder: Distressed Parents and their Families (pp. 3–7). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Champion, J. E., Jaser, S. S., Reeslund, K. L., Simmons, L., Potts, E., Shears, A. R., & Compas, B. E. (2009). Caretaking behaviours by adolescent children of mothers with and without a history of depression. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 156–166.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Champion, J. E., Jaser, S. S., Reeslund, K. L., Simmons, L., Potts, E., Shears, A. R., & Compas, B. E. (2009). Caretaking behaviours by adolescent children of mothers with and without a history of depression. Journal of Family Psychology, 23, 156–166.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Dearden, C., & Becker, S. (2000). Growing up caring: Vulnerability and transition to adulthood—Young carers’ experiences. Leicester: Youth Work Press. Dearden, C., & Becker, S. (2000). Growing up caring: Vulnerability and transition to adulthood—Young carers’ experiences. Leicester: Youth Work Press.
go back to reference De Boer, A., Oudijk, D., & Tielen, L. (2012). Kinderen en jongeren met een langdurig ziek gezinslid in Nederland [Children and adolescents with a chronically ill family member in the Netherlands]. TSG – Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen, 90(3), 167–170.CrossRef De Boer, A., Oudijk, D., & Tielen, L. (2012). Kinderen en jongeren met een langdurig ziek gezinslid in Nederland [Children and adolescents with a chronically ill family member in the Netherlands]. TSG – Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen, 90(3), 167–170.CrossRef
go back to reference De Veer, A. J. E., & Francke, A. L. (2008). Opgroeien met zorg. Quick scan naar de aard en omvang van de zorg, belasting en ondersteuningsmogelijkheden voor jonge mantelzorgers [Growing up with care. Quick scan into the nature and extent of informal care, burden, and opportunities for support for young carers]. Utrecht: Nivel. De Veer, A. J. E., & Francke, A. L. (2008). Opgroeien met zorg. Quick scan naar de aard en omvang van de zorg, belasting en ondersteuningsmogelijkheden voor jonge mantelzorgers [Growing up with care. Quick scan into the nature and extent of informal care, burden, and opportunities for support for young carers]. Utrecht: Nivel.
go back to reference Di Biasi, S., Trimarco, B., D’Ardia, C., Melogno, S., Meledrandri, G., & Levi, G. (2016). Psychological adjustment, social responsiveness and parent distress in an Italian Sample of siblings of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(3), 883–890.CrossRef Di Biasi, S., Trimarco, B., D’Ardia, C., Melogno, S., Meledrandri, G., & Levi, G. (2016). Psychological adjustment, social responsiveness and parent distress in an Italian Sample of siblings of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(3), 883–890.CrossRef
go back to reference Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189–216.CrossRef Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997). Measuring quality of life: Economic, social, and subjective indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189–216.CrossRef
go back to reference Drost, L. M., Cuijpers, P., & Schippers, G. M. (2010). Developing an interactive website for adolescents with a mentally ill family member. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(3), 351–364.CrossRefPubMed Drost, L. M., Cuijpers, P., & Schippers, G. M. (2010). Developing an interactive website for adolescents with a mentally ill family member. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(3), 351–364.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Drost, L. M., & Schippers, G. M. (2015). Online support for children of parents suffering from mental illness: A case study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20(1), 53–67.CrossRefPubMed Drost, L. M., & Schippers, G. M. (2015). Online support for children of parents suffering from mental illness: A case study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 20(1), 53–67.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Drost, L. M., Van der Krieke, L., Sytema, S., & Schippers, G. M. (2016). Self-expressed strengths and resources of children of parents with a mental illness: A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 25, 102–115.CrossRefPubMed Drost, L. M., Van der Krieke, L., Sytema, S., & Schippers, G. M. (2016). Self-expressed strengths and resources of children of parents with a mental illness: A systematic review. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 25, 102–115.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference East, P. L. (2010). Children’s provision of family caregiving: Benefit or burden? Child Development Perspectives, 4, 55–61.CrossRef East, P. L. (2010). Children’s provision of family caregiving: Benefit or burden? Child Development Perspectives, 4, 55–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Ebstyne King, P., & Furrow, J. L. (2004). Religion as a resource for positive youth development: Religion, social capital, and moral outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 49, 703–713.CrossRef Ebstyne King, P., & Furrow, J. L. (2004). Religion as a resource for positive youth development: Religion, social capital, and moral outcomes. Developmental Psychology, 49, 703–713.CrossRef
go back to reference Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of American Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 40, 1337–1345.CrossRef Goodman, R. (2001). Psychometric properties of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Journal of American Child and Adolescence Psychiatry, 40, 1337–1345.CrossRef
go back to reference Hay, D. F., & Pawlby, S. (2003). Prosocial development in relation to children’s and mothers’ psychological problems. Child Development, 74, 1314–1327.CrossRefPubMed Hay, D. F., & Pawlby, S. (2003). Prosocial development in relation to children’s and mothers’ psychological problems. Child Development, 74, 1314–1327.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Huizinga, G. A., Visser, A., Van der Graaf, W. T. A., Hoekstra, H. J., Stewart, R. E., & Hoekstra-Weebers, J. E. H. M. (2011). Family-oriented multilevel study on the psychological functioning of adolescent children having a mother with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 20, 730–737.CrossRefPubMed Huizinga, G. A., Visser, A., Van der Graaf, W. T. A., Hoekstra, H. J., Stewart, R. E., & Hoekstra-Weebers, J. E. H. M. (2011). Family-oriented multilevel study on the psychological functioning of adolescent children having a mother with cancer. Psycho-Oncology, 20, 730–737.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Knol, F. A. (1998). Van hoog naar laag, van laag naar hoog. De sociaal-ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van wijken tussen 1971 en 1995 [From high to low, from low to high. The social-spatial development of neighborhoods between 1971 and 1995]. Rijswijk: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau. Knol, F. A. (1998). Van hoog naar laag, van laag naar hoog. De sociaal-ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van wijken tussen 1971 en 1995 [From high to low, from low to high. The social-spatial development of neighborhoods between 1971 and 1995]. Rijswijk: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
go back to reference Korneluk, Y. G., & Lee, C. M. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental physical illness. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 179–193.CrossRefPubMed Korneluk, Y. G., & Lee, C. M. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental physical illness. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 179–193.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lackey, N. R., & Gates, M. F. (2001). Adults’ recollections of their experiences as young caregivers of family members with chronic physical illnesses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34, 320–328.CrossRefPubMed Lackey, N. R., & Gates, M. F. (2001). Adults’ recollections of their experiences as young caregivers of family members with chronic physical illnesses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34, 320–328.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference McMahon, T. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2007). Defining characteristics and potential consequences of caretaking burden among children living in urban poverty. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2, 267–281.CrossRef McMahon, T. J., & Luthar, S. S. (2007). Defining characteristics and potential consequences of caretaking burden among children living in urban poverty. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2, 267–281.CrossRef
go back to reference Meijer, A. M., Oostveen, S. J. E., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2008). Zorgen voor een zieke ouder. De relatie tussen mantelzorg, ziekte van de ouder en gedragsproblemen bij kinderen [Care for a sick parent. The relationship between informal care, illness of the parent, and behavioral problems in children]. Kind en Adolescent, 29, 208–220.CrossRef Meijer, A. M., Oostveen, S. J. E., & Stams, G. J. J. M. (2008). Zorgen voor een zieke ouder. De relatie tussen mantelzorg, ziekte van de ouder en gedragsproblemen bij kinderen [Care for a sick parent. The relationship between informal care, illness of the parent, and behavioral problems in children]. Kind en Adolescent, 29, 208–220.CrossRef
go back to reference Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Van den Berg, F. (2003). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): Further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 1–8.CrossRefPubMed Muris, P., Meesters, C., & Van den Berg, F. (2003). The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): Further evidence for its reliability and validity in a community sample of Dutch children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 1–8.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ormel, J., Neeleman, J., & Wiersma, D. (2001). Determinanten van psychische ongezondheid: Implicaties voor onderzoek en beleid [Determinants of mental health problems: Implications for research and policy]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 43, 245–257. Ormel, J., Neeleman, J., & Wiersma, D. (2001). Determinanten van psychische ongezondheid: Implicaties voor onderzoek en beleid [Determinants of mental health problems: Implications for research and policy]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 43, 245–257.
go back to reference Pakenham, K. I., Bursnall, S., Chiu, J., Cannon, T., & Okochi, M. (2006). The psychosocial impact of caregiving on young people who have a parent with an illness or disability: Comparisons between caregivers and noncaregivers. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51, 113–126.CrossRef Pakenham, K. I., Bursnall, S., Chiu, J., Cannon, T., & Okochi, M. (2006). The psychosocial impact of caregiving on young people who have a parent with an illness or disability: Comparisons between caregivers and noncaregivers. Rehabilitation Psychology, 51, 113–126.CrossRef
go back to reference Pakenham, K., & Cox, S. (2014). The effect of parental illness and other ill family members on the adjustment of children. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48, 424–437.CrossRefPubMed Pakenham, K., & Cox, S. (2014). The effect of parental illness and other ill family members on the adjustment of children. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48, 424–437.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Roberts, C., Freeman, J., Samdal, O., Schnor, C. W., De Looze, M. E., Nic Gabhainn, S., & Rasmussen, M. (2009). The health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study: Methodological developments and current tensions. International Journal of Public Health, 54, 140–150.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Roberts, C., Freeman, J., Samdal, O., Schnor, C. W., De Looze, M. E., Nic Gabhainn, S., & Rasmussen, M. (2009). The health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) study: Methodological developments and current tensions. International Journal of Public Health, 54, 140–150.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Rossiter, L., & Sharpe, D. (2001). The siblings of individuals with mental retardation: A quantitative integration of the literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10, 65–84.CrossRef Rossiter, L., & Sharpe, D. (2001). The siblings of individuals with mental retardation: A quantitative integration of the literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 10, 65–84.CrossRef
go back to reference Sharpe, D., & Rossiter, L. (2002). Siblings of children with a chronic illness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 699–710.CrossRefPubMed Sharpe, D., & Rossiter, L. (2002). Siblings of children with a chronic illness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27, 699–710.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Shifren, K., & Kachorek, L. V. (2003). Does early caregiving matter? The effects on young caregivers’ adult mental health. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 338–345.CrossRef Shifren, K., & Kachorek, L. V. (2003). Does early caregiving matter? The effects on young caregivers’ adult mental health. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 338–345.CrossRef
go back to reference Sieh, D. S., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Van der Leij, D. A. V. (2010). Problem behavior in children of chronically ill parents: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 384–397.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Sieh, D. S., Meijer, A. M., Oort, F. J., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Van der Leij, D. A. V. (2010). Problem behavior in children of chronically ill parents: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 13, 384–397.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Sieh, D. S., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Meijer, A. M. (2011). Jongeren met chronisch zieke ouders: Jonge mantelzorger heeft behoefte aan aandacht [Adolescents with chronically ill parents: Young carer needs attention]. Jeugd en Co Kennis, 5, 18–26.CrossRef Sieh, D. S., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Meijer, A. M. (2011). Jongeren met chronisch zieke ouders: Jonge mantelzorger heeft behoefte aan aandacht [Adolescents with chronically ill parents: Young carer needs attention]. Jeugd en Co Kennis, 5, 18–26.CrossRef
go back to reference Sieh, D. S., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Meijer, A. M. (2013). Differential outcomes of adolescents with chronically ill and healthy parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 209–218.CrossRefPubMed Sieh, D. S., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., & Meijer, A. M. (2013). Differential outcomes of adolescents with chronically ill and healthy parents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22, 209–218.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Siskowski, C. (2009). Adolescent caregivers. In K. Shifren (Ed.), How caregiving affects development: Psychological implications for child, adolescent, and adult caregivers (pp. 65–91). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Siskowski, C. (2009). Adolescent caregivers. In K. Shifren (Ed.), How caregiving affects development: Psychological implications for child, adolescent, and adult caregivers (pp. 65–91). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Stevens, J., Pommer, E., Van Kempen, H., Zeijl, E., Woittiez, I., Sadiraj, K., Gilsing, R., & Keuzenkamp, S. (2009). De jeugd een zorg. Ramings- en verdeelmodel jeugdzorg 2007. [Concern for youth. An estimate and distribution model of youth welfare work]. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau. Stevens, J., Pommer, E., Van Kempen, H., Zeijl, E., Woittiez, I., Sadiraj, K., Gilsing, R., & Keuzenkamp, S. (2009). De jeugd een zorg. Ramings- en verdeelmodel jeugdzorg 2007. [Concern for youth. An estimate and distribution model of youth welfare work]. Den Haag: Sociaal en Cultureel Planbureau.
go back to reference Thomas, N., Stainton, T., Jackson, S., Cheung, W. Y., Doubtfire, S., & Webb, A. (2003). ‘Your friends don’t understand’: Invisibility and unmet needs in the lives of ‘young carers’. Child and Family Social Work, 8, 35–46.CrossRef Thomas, N., Stainton, T., Jackson, S., Cheung, W. Y., Doubtfire, S., & Webb, A. (2003). ‘Your friends don’t understand’: Invisibility and unmet needs in the lives of ‘young carers’. Child and Family Social Work, 8, 35–46.CrossRef
go back to reference Thomson, E., & McLanahan, S. S. (2012). Reflections on “Family structure and child well-being: Economic resources vs parental socialization”. Social Forces, 91, 45–53.CrossRef Thomson, E., & McLanahan, S. S. (2012). Reflections on “Family structure and child well-being: Economic resources vs parental socialization”. Social Forces, 91, 45–53.CrossRef
go back to reference Van den Einde-Bus, A. E. M., Goldschmeding, J. E. J., Tielen, L. M., De Waart, F. G., & Van de Looij-Jansen, P. M. (2010). Jongeren die opgroeien met een langdurig ziek, gehandicapt of verslaafd familielid: Reden tot zorg [Adolescents who grow up with a chronically ill, disabled or addicted family member: Subject of concern]. TSG – Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen, 88, 79–88.CrossRef Van den Einde-Bus, A. E. M., Goldschmeding, J. E. J., Tielen, L. M., De Waart, F. G., & Van de Looij-Jansen, P. M. (2010). Jongeren die opgroeien met een langdurig ziek, gehandicapt of verslaafd familielid: Reden tot zorg [Adolescents who grow up with a chronically ill, disabled or addicted family member: Subject of concern]. TSG – Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen, 88, 79–88.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Dorsselaer, S., Vermeulen, E., De Looze, M., De Roos, S., Verdurmen, J., Ter Bogt, T., Vollebergh, W. (Eds.) (2010). HBSC 2009: Gezondheid, welzijn en opvoeding van jongeren in Nederland [HBSC 2009. Health, well-being, and child rearing of adolescents in the Netherlands]. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut. Van Dorsselaer, S., Vermeulen, E., De Looze, M., De Roos, S., Verdurmen, J., Ter Bogt, T., Vollebergh, W. (Eds.) (2010). HBSC 2009: Gezondheid, welzijn en opvoeding van jongeren in Nederland [HBSC 2009. Health, well-being, and child rearing of adolescents in the Netherlands]. Utrecht: Trimbos-instituut.
go back to reference Van Widenfelt, B. M., Goedhart, A. W., Treffers, P. D. A., & Goodman, R. (2003). Dutch version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 281–289.CrossRefPubMed Van Widenfelt, B. M., Goedhart, A. W., Treffers, P. D. A., & Goodman, R. (2003). Dutch version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, 281–289.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Visser-Meily, J. M. A., Post, M. W., & Meijer, A. M. (2006). Mantelzorg bij CVA-patiënten, de gevolgen van een beroerte voor partners en kinderen [Informal caregiving with CVA-patients, the effects of a stroke for partners and children]. Bijblijven, 22, 37–42.CrossRef Visser-Meily, J. M. A., Post, M. W., & Meijer, A. M. (2006). Mantelzorg bij CVA-patiënten, de gevolgen van een beroerte voor partners en kinderen [Informal caregiving with CVA-patients, the effects of a stroke for partners and children]. Bijblijven, 22, 37–42.CrossRef
go back to reference Vollebergh, W., Van Dorsselaer, S., Monshouwer, K., Verdurmen, J., Van der Ende, J., & Ter Bogt, T. (2006). Mental health problems in early adolescents in the Netherlands: Differences between school and household surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 156–163.CrossRefPubMed Vollebergh, W., Van Dorsselaer, S., Monshouwer, K., Verdurmen, J., Van der Ende, J., & Ter Bogt, T. (2006). Mental health problems in early adolescents in the Netherlands: Differences between school and household surveys. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 156–163.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Warren, J. (2007). Young carers: Conventional or exaggerated levels of involvement in domestic and caring tasks. Children and Society, 21, 136–146. Warren, J. (2007). Young carers: Conventional or exaggerated levels of involvement in domestic and caring tasks. Children and Society, 21, 136–146.
Metagegevens
Titel
Well-being and Need for Support of Adolescents with a Chronically Ill Family Member
Auteurs
Simone A. De Roos
Alice H. De Boer
Sander M. Bot
Publicatiedatum
04-10-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0574-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2017

Journal of Child and Family Studies 2/2017 Naar de uitgave