Top

Gepubliceerd in:

28-06-2015

“We get what we deserve”: the belief in a just world and its health consequences for Blacks

Auteurs: Nao Hagiwara, Courtney J. Alderson, Jessica M. McCauley

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 6/2015

Abstract

This study explored whether individual differences in the endorsement of the belief that the world is a just place (i.e., the just world belief) would predict individual differences in resilience/vulnerability to the negative health consequences of discrimination. One-hundred and thirty Blacks participated in a vital check and completed a computer-based questionnaire that included measures of the just world belief, perceived discrimination, physical and mental health, and the presence/absence of chronic illnesses. Endorsement of the just world belief was not associated with self-reported physical/mental health; however, it moderated the effects of perceived discrimination on the number of chronic illnesses and systolic blood pressure. These findings suggest that Blacks who believe that the world is a just place where they get what they deserve may be at a particularly higher risk for the negative health consequences of discrimination. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

vorige artikel Do brief alcohol interventions reduce tobacco use among adolescents and young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

volgende artikel The mediating role of interpersonal conflict at work in the relationship between negative affectivity and biomarkers of stress

Bastos, J. L., Celeste, R. K., Faerstein, E., & Barros, A. (2010). Racial discrimination and health: A systematic review of scales with a focus on their psychometric properties. Social Science and Medicine, 70, 1091–1099.CrossRefPubMed

Blascovich, J. (2008). Challenge, threat, and health. In J. Y. Shah & W. L. Gardner (Eds.), Handbook of motivation science (pp. 481–493). New York: Guilford Press.

Bonham, V. L., Sellers, S. L., & Neighbors, H. W. (2004). John Henryism and self-reported physical health among high-socioeconomic status African American men. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 737–738.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Borrell, L. N., Kiefe, C. I., Williams, D. R., Diez-Roux, A. V., & Gordon-Larsen, P. (2006). Self-reported health, perceived racial discrimination, and skin color in African Americans in the CARDIA study. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 1415–1427.CrossRefPubMed

Bost, J. E., Williams, B. A., Bottegal, M. T., Dang, Q., & Rubio, D. M. (2007). The 8-item Short-Form Health Survey and the physical comfort composite score of the quality of recovery 40-item scale provide the most responsive assessments of pain, physical function, and mental function during the first 4 days after ambulatory knee surgery with regional anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 105, 1693–1700. doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000287659.14893.65 CrossRefPubMed

Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T., & Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135.CrossRef

Brondolo, E., Rieppi, R., Kelly, K. P., & Gerin, W. (2003). Perceived racism and blood pressure: A review of the literature and conceptual and methodological critique. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25, 55–65.CrossRefPubMed

Connors, J., & Heaven, P. C. (1990). Belief in a just world and attitudes toward AIDS sufferers. Journal of Social Psychology, 130, 559–560.CrossRefPubMed

Cozzarelli, C., Wilkinson, A. V., & Tagler, M. J. (2001). Attitudes toward the poor and attributions for poverty. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 207–227.CrossRef

Crandall, C. S., & Martinez, R. (1996). Culture, ideology, and antifat attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1165–1176. doi:10.1177/01461672962211007 CrossRef

Crocker, J., & Major, B. (1989). Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychological Review, 96, 608–630. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.4.608 CrossRef

Dalbert, C. (1998). Belief in a just world, well-being, and coping with an unjust fate. In L. Montada & M. J. Lerner (Eds.), Responses to victimization and belief in a just world (pp. 87–105). New York: Plenum.CrossRef

Dolezsar, C. M., McGrath, J. J., Herzig, A. J., & Miller, S. B. (2014). Perceived racial discrimination and hypertension: A comprehensive systematic review. Health Psychology, 33, 20–34. doi:10.1037/a0033718 CrossRefPubMed

Dover, T. L., Major, B., Kunstman, J. W., & Sawyer, P. J. (2015). Does unfairness feel different if it can be linked to group membership? Cognitive, affective, behavioral and physiological implications of discrimination and unfairness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 56, 96–103. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.09.003 CrossRef

Eliezer, D., Townsend, S. S., Sawyer, P. J., Major, B., & Mendes, W. B. (2011). System-justifying beliefs moderate the relationship between perceived discrimination and resting blood pressure. Social Cognition, 29, 303–321. doi:10.1521/soco.2011.29.3.303 CrossRef

Fiske, S. T. (2002). Five core social motives, plus or minus five. In S. J. Spencer, S. Fein, M. P. Zanna, & J. M. Olson (Eds.), Motivated social perception: The Ontario symposium (Vol. 9, pp. 878–902). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Gee, G. C. (2002). A multilevel analysis of the relationship between institutional and individual racial discrimination and health status. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 615–623. doi:10.2105/AJPH.92.4.615 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Hafer, C. L. (2000). Investment in long-term goals and commitment to just means drive the need to believe in a just world. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1059–1073. doi:10.1177/01461672002611004 CrossRef

Hafer, C. L., & Begue, L. (2005). Experimental research on just-world theory: Problems, developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 128.CrossRefPubMed

Hafer, C. L., & Choma, B. L. (2009). Belief in a just world, perceived fairness, and justification of the status quo. In J. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and psychological bases of ideology and system justification (pp. 107–125). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Hafer, C. L., & Olson, J. M. (1989). Beliefs in a just world and reactions to personal deprivation. Journal of Personality, 57, 799–823.CrossRef

Haritatos, J., Mahalingam, R., & James, S. A. (2007). John Henryism, self-reported physical health indicators, and the mediating role of perceived stress among high socio-economic status Asian immigrants. Social Science and Medicine, 64, 1192–1203. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.037 CrossRefPubMed

James, S. A., Hartnett, S. A., & Kalsbeek, W. D. (1983). John Henryism and blood pressure differences among black men. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 259–278.CrossRefPubMed

Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881–919.CrossRef

Jost, J. T., & Hunyady, O. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 260–265. doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00377.x CrossRef

Jost, J. T., Pelham, B. W., Sheldon, O., & Ni Sullivan, B. (2003). Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system: Evidence of enhanced system justification among the disadvantaged. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 13–36.CrossRef

Kay, A. C., Gaucher, D., Peach, J. M., Laurin, K., Friesen, J., Zanna, M. P., et al. (2009). Inequality, discrimination, and the power of the status quo: Direct evidence for a motivation to see the way things are as the way they should be. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 421–434. doi:10.1037/a0015997 CrossRefPubMed

Krieger, N., & Berkman, L. F. (2000). Discrimination and health: Social epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press.

Lehto, R. H., & Stein, K. F. (2013). The impact of John Henryism on self-reported health behaviors in African American men. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 24, 291–296. doi:10.1177/1043659613481673 CrossRefPubMed

Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030.CrossRef

Levin, S., Sinclair, S., Veniegas, R. C., & Taylor, P. L. (2002). Perceived discrimination in the context of multiple group memberships. Psychological Science, 13, 557–560.CrossRefPubMed

Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus for others: Implications for psychological well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 666–677.CrossRef

Logan, J. G., Barksdale, D. J., & Chien, L. C. (2014). Exploring moderating effects of John Henryism active coping on the relationship between education and cardiovascular measures in Korean Americans. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 77, 552–557. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.08.010 CrossRefPubMed

Major, B. (1994). From social inequality to personal entitlement: The role of social comparisons legitimacy appraisals, and group membership. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 26, pp. 293–355). San Diego, CA: Academic.

Major, B., Gramzow, R. H., McCoy, S. K., Levin, S., Schmader, T., & Sidanius, J. (2002). Perceiving personal discrimination: The role of group status and legitimizing ideology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 269–282.CrossRefPubMed

Major, B., Kaiser, C. R., & McCoy, S. K. (2003a). It’s not my fault: When and why attributions to prejudice protect self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 772–781. doi:10.1177/0146167203029006009 CrossRefPubMed

Major, B., Kaiser, C. R., O’Brien, L. T., & McCoy, S. K. (2007). Perceived discrimination as worldview threat or worldview confirmation: Implications for self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1068–1086. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1068 CrossRefPubMed

Major, B., & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393–421. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070137 CrossRefPubMed

Major, B., Quinton, W. J., & Schmader, T. (2003b). Attributions to discrimination and self-esteem: Impact of group identification and situational ambiguity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 220–231. doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00547-4 CrossRef

Matthews, K. A., Salomon, K., Kenyon, K., & Zhou, F. (2005). Unfair treatment, discrimination, and ambulatory blood pressure in Black and White adolescents. Health Psychology, 24, 258–265. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.258 CrossRefPubMed

McEwen, B. S., & Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 153, 2093–2101.CrossRefPubMed

Murphy, S. L., Xu, J., & Kochanek, K. D. (2013). Deaths: Final data for 2010. National vital statistics reports: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, 61, 1–117.

Pager, D., & Shepherd, H. (2008). The sociology of discrimination: Racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 34, 181–209. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131740 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531–554. doi:10.1037/a0016059 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Pittman, T. S., & Zeigler, K. R. (2007). Basic human needs. In A. W. Kruglanski & T. E. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 473–489). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–763. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.741 CrossRef

Quillian, L. (2006). New approaches to understanding racial prejudice and discrimination. Annual Review of Sociology, 32, 299–328.CrossRef

Ritter, C., Benson, D. E., & Synder, C. (1990). Belief in a just world and depression. Sociological Perspectives, 33, 235–252. doi:10.2307/1389045 CrossRef

Ryan, A. M., Gee, G. C., & Laflamme, D. F. (2006). The association between self-reported discrimination, physical health and blood pressure: Findings from African Americans, Black immigrants, and Latino immigrants in New Hampshire. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 17, 116–132.CrossRefPubMed

Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., & Kappen, D. M. (2003). Attitudes toward group-based inequality: Social dominance or social identity? British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 161–186.CrossRefPubMed

Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 921–948.CrossRefPubMed

Seeman, T. E., Singer, B. H., Rowe, J. W., Horwitz, R. I., & McEwen, B. S. (1997). Price of adaptation—Allostatic load and its health consequences: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157, 2259–2268.CrossRefPubMed

Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1993). Racism and support of free-market-capitalism: A cross-cultural study of the theoretical structure. Political Psychology, 14, 383–403.CrossRef

Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

Strandberg, T. E., & Pitkala, K. (2003). What is the most important component of blood pressure: Systolic, diastolic or pulse pressure? Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hyptertension, 12, 293–297.CrossRef

Subramanyam, M. A., James, S. A., Diez-Roux, A. V., Hickson, D. A., Sarpong, D., Sims, M., et al. (2013). Socioeconomic status, John Henryism and blood pressure among African-Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Social Science and Medicine, 93, 139–146. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.016 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., & Holder, A. (2008). Racial microaggressions in the life experience of Black Americans. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 329.CrossRef

Tomaka, J., & Blascovich, J. (1994). Effects of justice beliefs on cognitive appraisal of and subjective physiological, and behavioral responses to potential stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 732–740. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.732 CrossRefPubMed

Townsend, S., Major, B., Sawyer, P. J., & Mendes, W. B. (2010). Can the absence of prejudice be more threatening than its presence? It depends on one’s worldview. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 933–947. doi:10.1037/a0020434 PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Turner, J. C., & Reynolds, K. (2003). Why social dominance theory has been falsified. British Journal of Social Psychology, 42, 199–206.CrossRefPubMed

Turner-Bowker, D. M., Bayliss, M. S., Ware, J. E., Jr, & Kosinski, M. (2003). Usefulness of the SF-8 health survey for comparing the impact of migraine and other conditions. Quality of Life Research, 12, 1003–1012.CrossRefPubMed

Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., Dewey, J. E., & Gandek, B. (2001). How to score and interpret single-item health status measures: A manual for users of the SF-8 health survey. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated.

Williams, D. R. (1999). Race, socioeconomic status, and health the added effects of racism and discrimination. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 173–188.CrossRefPubMed

Williams, D. R., Neighbors, H. W., & Jackson, J. S. (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 200–208.PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed

Titel: “We get what we deserve”: the belief in a just world and its health consequences for Blacks
Auteurs: Nao Hagiwara
Courtney J. Alderson
Jessica M. McCauley
Publicatiedatum: 28-06-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 6/2015
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-015-9652-3

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2015

Trait body shame predicts health outcomes in college women: A longitudinal investigation

For better or for worse: a longitudinal study on dyadic coping and quality of life among couples with a partner suffering from COPD

The effects of daily mood and couple interactions on the sleep quality of older adults with chronic pain

Do brief alcohol interventions reduce tobacco use among adolescents and young adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Body awareness and pain habituation: the role of orientation towards somatic signals

Does colorectal cancer risk perception predict screening behavior? A systematic review and meta-analysis