Skip to main content
Top

1999 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

7. Voedingsaspecten van het ouder worden

Auteurs : C. B. Lewis, J. M. Bottomley

Gepubliceerd in: Geriatrie in de fysiotherapeutische praktijk

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

De voeding is een aandachtsgebied dat slechts zelden in ogenschouw wordt genomen bij het voorschrijven van oefenprogramma’s voor ouderen of het bepalen van hun functionele mogelijkheden voor lichaamsbeweging. Voedingsaspecten zijn vaak vervlochten met het normale verouderingsproces en met ziekten en kunnen het beloop daarvan verergeren. Problemen die te maken hebben met ondervoeding of te veel eten spelen een grote rol bij de precieze bepaling van de algemene conditie van ouderen en hun functionele mogelijkheden voor allerlei activiteiten. In het jaarlijkse rapport van de Amerikaanse Surgeon General uit 1979 werd als doel voor de jaren ’80 het verbeteren van de gezondheid en de kwaliteit van het leven van alle individuen ouder dan 65 jaar genoemd.1 Men hoopte dit te bereiken door ouderen te stimuleren zich op een gezonde manier te bewegen en gezond te eten. De verwachting was dat een goed uitgewerkt voorlichtingsprogramma op lokaal, regionaal en landelijk niveau ervoor zou kunnen zorgen dat het gemiddeld aantal dagen dat ouderen hun activiteiten moeten beperken vanwege acute en chronische gezondheidsproblemen in 1990 met twintig procent zou zijn afgenomen (dat wil zeggen: minder dan dertig van dergelijke dagen per jaar).2
Literatuur
1.
go back to reference US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service. Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 1979. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1979. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public Health Service. Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 1979. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 1979.
2.
go back to reference Wartow NJ. The national initiative on health promotion for older persons: the role of the administration on aging. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1990; 6(1):69-77. Wartow NJ. The national initiative on health promotion for older persons: the role of the administration on aging. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1990; 6(1):69-77.
3.
4.
go back to reference American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition, aging and the continuum of health care. J Am Diet Assoc. 1987; 87:344-347. American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrition, aging and the continuum of health care. J Am Diet Assoc. 1987; 87:344-347.
5.
go back to reference Bidlack WR, Kirsch A, Meskin MS. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. Food Technology. 1988; 40:61-70. Bidlack WR, Kirsch A, Meskin MS. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. Food Technology. 1988; 40:61-70.
6.
go back to reference Chernoff R. Geriatric Nutrition: The Health Professionals Handbook. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1991. Chernoff R. Geriatric Nutrition: The Health Professionals Handbook. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1991.
7.
go back to reference Murphy C. Chemical senses and nutrition in the elderly. In: Kare MR, Brand TG, red. Interaction of the Chemical Senses with Nutrition. New York: Academic Press; 1986. Murphy C. Chemical senses and nutrition in the elderly. In: Kare MR, Brand TG, red. Interaction of the Chemical Senses with Nutrition. New York: Academic Press; 1986.
8.
go back to reference Mulligan R. Oral health: effect on nutrition and rehabilitation in older persons. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1989; 5(1):27-35. Mulligan R. Oral health: effect on nutrition and rehabilitation in older persons. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1989; 5(1):27-35.
9.
go back to reference Khan TA, Shragge BW, Crispen JS, et al. Esophageal mobility in the elderly. Am J Digestive Dis. 1977; 22:1049-1054. Khan TA, Shragge BW, Crispen JS, et al. Esophageal mobility in the elderly. Am J Digestive Dis. 1977; 22:1049-1054.
10.
go back to reference Horowitz M, Maddern GT, Chateron BE, et al. Changes in gastric emptying rates with age. Clin Sci. 1984; 67:213-218.PubMed Horowitz M, Maddern GT, Chateron BE, et al. Changes in gastric emptying rates with age. Clin Sci. 1984; 67:213-218.PubMed
11.
go back to reference Werner I, Hambraeus L. Protein digestion insufficiency with aging. Acta Soc Med Upsal. 1970; 76:239. Werner I, Hambraeus L. Protein digestion insufficiency with aging. Acta Soc Med Upsal. 1970; 76:239.
12.
go back to reference Webster SGP, Wilkinson EM, Gowland E. A comparison of fat absorption in young and old subjects. Age Aging. 1977; 6:113-117. Webster SGP, Wilkinson EM, Gowland E. A comparison of fat absorption in young and old subjects. Age Aging. 1977; 6:113-117.
13.
go back to reference Berman PM, Kirsner TB. The aging gut. II. Diseases of colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder, functional bowel disease, and iatrogenic disease. Geriatrics. 1972; 27(4):117-124.PubMed Berman PM, Kirsner TB. The aging gut. II. Diseases of colon, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder, functional bowel disease, and iatrogenic disease. Geriatrics. 1972; 27(4):117-124.PubMed
14.
go back to reference Shepard RJ. Nutrition and the physiology of aging. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986. Shepard RJ. Nutrition and the physiology of aging. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986.
15.
go back to reference Weg RB. Nutrition: a crucial ‘given’ in rehabilitation. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1989; 5(1):1-26. Weg RB. Nutrition: a crucial ‘given’ in rehabilitation. Top Geriatr Rehabil. 1989; 5(1):1-26.
16.
go back to reference Walser M. Renal system. In: Paige DM, red. Clinical Nutrition. Tweede druk. St Louis: Mosby; 1988:227-241. Walser M. Renal system. In: Paige DM, red. Clinical Nutrition. Tweede druk. St Louis: Mosby; 1988:227-241.
17.
go back to reference Rudman D. Kidney senescence: a model for aging. Nutr Rev. 1988; 46:209-214.PubMed Rudman D. Kidney senescence: a model for aging. Nutr Rev. 1988; 46:209-214.PubMed
18.
go back to reference Mitch WE. Protein metabolism and the aging kidney. In: Mitch WE, Klahr S, red. Nutrition and the Kidney. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; 1988. Mitch WE. Protein metabolism and the aging kidney. In: Mitch WE, Klahr S, red. Nutrition and the Kidney. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; 1988.
19.
go back to reference Chernoff R. Aging and nutrition. Nutrition Today. 1987; 22(2):4-11. Chernoff R. Aging and nutrition. Nutrition Today. 1987; 22(2):4-11.
20.
go back to reference Tzanoff SP, Norris AH. Effect of muscle mass decrease on age related BMR changes. J Appl Physiol. 1977; 43:1001-1006. Tzanoff SP, Norris AH. Effect of muscle mass decrease on age related BMR changes. J Appl Physiol. 1977; 43:1001-1006.
21.
go back to reference Tzanoff SP, Norris AH. Longitudinal changes in basal metabolism in man. J Appl Physiol. 1978; 45:536-539. Tzanoff SP, Norris AH. Longitudinal changes in basal metabolism in man. J Appl Physiol. 1978; 45:536-539.
22.
go back to reference Shizgal HM, Spanier AH, Humes J, Wood CD. Indirect measurement of total exchangeable potassium. Am J Physiol. 1977; 233(3):F253-259.PubMed Shizgal HM, Spanier AH, Humes J, Wood CD. Indirect measurement of total exchangeable potassium. Am J Physiol. 1977; 233(3):F253-259.PubMed
23.
go back to reference Forbes GB, Reina JC. Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism. 1980; 19:653-663. Forbes GB, Reina JC. Adult lean body mass declines with age: some longitudinal observations. Metabolism. 1980; 19:653-663.
24.
go back to reference McGandy RB, Barrows CH, Spanias A, et al. Nutrient intakes and energy expenditure in men of different ages. J Gerontol. 1966; 21:581-587.PubMed McGandy RB, Barrows CH, Spanias A, et al. Nutrient intakes and energy expenditure in men of different ages. J Gerontol. 1966; 21:581-587.PubMed
25.
go back to reference Uauy R, Winterer JC, Bilmazes C, et al. The changing pattern of whole body protein metabolism in aging humans. J Gerontol. 1978; 33:663-671.PubMed Uauy R, Winterer JC, Bilmazes C, et al. The changing pattern of whole body protein metabolism in aging humans. J Gerontol. 1978; 33:663-671.PubMed
26.
go back to reference Shepard RJ. Physical Activity and Aging. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1987. Shepard RJ. Physical Activity and Aging. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers; 1987.
27.
go back to reference Young VR. Impact of aging on protein metabolism. In: Armbrecht HJ, Prendergast JM, Coe RM, red. Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process. New York: Springer Verlag; 1984:27-48. Young VR. Impact of aging on protein metabolism. In: Armbrecht HJ, Prendergast JM, Coe RM, red. Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process. New York: Springer Verlag; 1984:27-48.
28.
go back to reference Shizgal HM. Body composition. In: Fischer JE, red. Surgical Nutrition. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; 1983: 3-17. Shizgal HM. Body composition. In: Fischer JE, red. Surgical Nutrition. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; 1983: 3-17.
29.
go back to reference Waterlow JC, Stephen JML. The turnover of protein with aging. Clin Sci. 1967; 33:489-496.PubMed Waterlow JC, Stephen JML. The turnover of protein with aging. Clin Sci. 1967; 33:489-496.PubMed
30.
go back to reference Astrand PO, Rodahl K. Textbook of Work Physiology. San Francisco, London: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1970. Astrand PO, Rodahl K. Textbook of Work Physiology. San Francisco, London: McGraw-Hill Book Co.; 1970.
31.
go back to reference Shizgal HM, Vasilevsky CA, Gardiner PF, et al. Nutritional assessment and skeletal muscle function. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986; 44:761-771.PubMed Shizgal HM, Vasilevsky CA, Gardiner PF, et al. Nutritional assessment and skeletal muscle function. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986; 44:761-771.PubMed
32.
go back to reference Russell DM, Leiter LA, Whitwell J, et al. Skeletal-muscle function during hypocaloric diets and fasting: a comparison with standard nutritional assessment parameters. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 37:133-138.PubMed Russell DM, Leiter LA, Whitwell J, et al. Skeletal-muscle function during hypocaloric diets and fasting: a comparison with standard nutritional assessment parameters. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 37:133-138.PubMed
33.
go back to reference Lopes J, Russell DM, Whitwell J, Jeejeebhoy KN. Skeletal muscle function in malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36:602-610.PubMed Lopes J, Russell DM, Whitwell J, Jeejeebhoy KN. Skeletal muscle function in malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36:602-610.PubMed
34.
go back to reference Kelly SM, Roza A, Field S, et al. Inspiratory muscle strength and body composition in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1984; 130:33-37.PubMed Kelly SM, Roza A, Field S, et al. Inspiratory muscle strength and body composition in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1984; 130:33-37.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Harris MI, Hadden WC, Knowler WC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20-74 years. Diabetes. 1987; 4:523-534. Harris MI, Hadden WC, Knowler WC, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20-74 years. Diabetes. 1987; 4:523-534.
36.
go back to reference Zavaroni I, Dall’Aglio E, Bruschi F. Effect of age and environmental factors on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in a worker population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986; 34:271-278.PubMed Zavaroni I, Dall’Aglio E, Bruschi F. Effect of age and environmental factors on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in a worker population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1986; 34:271-278.PubMed
37.
go back to reference Rosenthal MJ, Hartnell JM, Morley JE, et al. UCLA geriatric rounds: diabetes in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987; 35:435-447.PubMed Rosenthal MJ, Hartnell JM, Morley JE, et al. UCLA geriatric rounds: diabetes in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987; 35:435-447.PubMed
38.
go back to reference Seals DR, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, et al. Effects of endurance training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipid levels in older men and women. JAMA. 1984; 252:645-649.PubMed Seals DR, Hagberg JM, Hurley BF, et al. Effects of endurance training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipid levels in older men and women. JAMA. 1984; 252:645-649.PubMed
39.
go back to reference Krotkiewski M, Lonnroth P, Mandroukas K, et al. The effects of physical training on glucose metabolism in obesity in type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1985; 28:881-890.PubMed Krotkiewski M, Lonnroth P, Mandroukas K, et al. The effects of physical training on glucose metabolism in obesity in type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1985; 28:881-890.PubMed
40.
go back to reference Saltin B, Lindgarde F, Houston M, et al. Physical training and glucose tolerance in middle-aged men with chemical diabetes. Diabetes. 1979; 28(suppl):30-32.PubMed Saltin B, Lindgarde F, Houston M, et al. Physical training and glucose tolerance in middle-aged men with chemical diabetes. Diabetes. 1979; 28(suppl):30-32.PubMed
41.
go back to reference Bogardus C, Ravussin E, Robbins DC, et al. Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1984; 33: 311-318.PubMed Bogardus C, Ravussin E, Robbins DC, et al. Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 1984; 33: 311-318.PubMed
42.
go back to reference Mooradin AD, Morley JE. Micronutrient status in diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 45:877-895. Mooradin AD, Morley JE. Micronutrient status in diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987; 45:877-895.
43.
go back to reference Kinlaw WB, Levine AS, Morley JE, et al. Abnormal zinc metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1983; 75:273-277.PubMed Kinlaw WB, Levine AS, Morley JE, et al. Abnormal zinc metabolism in type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1983; 75:273-277.PubMed
44.
go back to reference Morley JE. Nutritional status of the elderly. Am J Med. 1986; 81:679-695.PubMed Morley JE. Nutritional status of the elderly. Am J Med. 1986; 81:679-695.PubMed
45.
go back to reference Niewoehner CB, Allen JI, Boosalis M, et al. The role of zinc supplementation in type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1986; 81:63-68.PubMed Niewoehner CB, Allen JI, Boosalis M, et al. The role of zinc supplementation in type II diabetes mellitus. Am J Med. 1986; 81:63-68.PubMed
46.
go back to reference Hallbook T, Lanner E. Serum-zinc and healing of venous leg ulcers. Lancet. 1972; II:780-782. Hallbook T, Lanner E. Serum-zinc and healing of venous leg ulcers. Lancet. 1972; II:780-782.
47.
go back to reference Wallach S. Clinical and biochemical aspects of chromium deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 1985; 4: 107-120.PubMed Wallach S. Clinical and biochemical aspects of chromium deficiency. J Am Coll Nutr. 1985; 4: 107-120.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Klevay LM. Hypercholesterolemia produced by an increase in the ratio of zinc to copper ingested. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978; 26:1060-1065. Klevay LM. Hypercholesterolemia produced by an increase in the ratio of zinc to copper ingested. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978; 26:1060-1065.
49.
go back to reference Bosch JP, Saccaggi A, Lauer A, et al. Renal functional reserve in humans, effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate. Am J Med. 1984; 75:943-950. Bosch JP, Saccaggi A, Lauer A, et al. Renal functional reserve in humans, effect of protein intake on glomerular filtration rate. Am J Med. 1984; 75:943-950.
50.
go back to reference Uchida S, Tsutsumi O, Hise MK, et al. Role of epidermal factor in compensatory renal hypertrophy in mice. Kidney Int. 1988; 33:387-392. Uchida S, Tsutsumi O, Hise MK, et al. Role of epidermal factor in compensatory renal hypertrophy in mice. Kidney Int. 1988; 33:387-392.
51.
go back to reference Ross M. Nutrition and longevity in experimental animals. In: Winick M, red. Nutrition and Aging. New York: Wiley; 1976; 43-57. Ross M. Nutrition and longevity in experimental animals. In: Winick M, red. Nutrition and Aging. New York: Wiley; 1976; 43-57.
52.
go back to reference Dowd T. The female climacteric. Nat OB/GYN Group. 1990; 6(1):32-54. Dowd T. The female climacteric. Nat OB/GYN Group. 1990; 6(1):32-54.
53.
go back to reference Giansiracusa DF, Kantrowitz FG. Metabolic bone disease. In: Keiber JB. Manual of Orthopaedic Diagnosis and Intervention. Baltimore, Md: Williams and Wilkins Co.; 1978. Giansiracusa DF, Kantrowitz FG. Metabolic bone disease. In: Keiber JB. Manual of Orthopaedic Diagnosis and Intervention. Baltimore, Md: Williams and Wilkins Co.; 1978.
54.
go back to reference Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal G, Krall E.A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplement on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1990; 329(13):878-883. Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal G, Krall E.A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplement on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1990; 329(13):878-883.
55.
go back to reference Riis B, Thomsen K, Christiansen C. Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? N Engl J Med. 1987; 316(4):173-177.PubMed Riis B, Thomsen K, Christiansen C. Does calcium supplementation prevent postmenopausal bone loss? N Engl J Med. 1987; 316(4):173-177.PubMed
56.
go back to reference Harrington T. Preventing osteoporosis in menopausal women. J MSSK Med. Juni, 1990. Harrington T. Preventing osteoporosis in menopausal women. J MSSK Med. Juni, 1990.
57.
go back to reference Nielsen F, Hunt C, Mullen L, Hunt J. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J FASE B. 1987; 1:394-397. Nielsen F, Hunt C, Mullen L, Hunt J. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. J FASE B. 1987; 1:394-397.
58.
go back to reference Pogrund H, Bloom R, Menczel J. Preventing osteoporosis: current practices and problems. Geriatrics. 1986; 41(5):55-71.PubMed Pogrund H, Bloom R, Menczel J. Preventing osteoporosis: current practices and problems. Geriatrics. 1986; 41(5):55-71.PubMed
59.
go back to reference Exton-Smith AN. The problem of subclinical malnutrition in the elderly. In: Exton-Smith AN, Scott DL, red. Vitamins in the Elderly. Briston, UK:Wright and Sons, Ltd.; 1968: 12-18. Exton-Smith AN. The problem of subclinical malnutrition in the elderly. In: Exton-Smith AN, Scott DL, red. Vitamins in the Elderly. Briston, UK:Wright and Sons, Ltd.; 1968: 12-18.
60.
go back to reference Gambert SR, Guansing AR. Protein-calorie malnutrition in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1980; 28:272-275.PubMed Gambert SR, Guansing AR. Protein-calorie malnutrition in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1980; 28:272-275.PubMed
61.
go back to reference Foley CJ, Tideiksaar R. Nutritional problems in the elderly. In: Gambert SR, red. Contemporary Geriatric Medicine. New York: Plenum; 1980; I. Foley CJ, Tideiksaar R. Nutritional problems in the elderly. In: Gambert SR, red. Contemporary Geriatric Medicine. New York: Plenum; 1980; I.
62.
go back to reference Dyer AR, Stamler J, Berkson DM, Lindberg HA. Relationship of relative weight and body mass index to 14-year mortality in the Chicago People Gas Co. study. J Chronic Dis. 1975; 28:109-123.PubMed Dyer AR, Stamler J, Berkson DM, Lindberg HA. Relationship of relative weight and body mass index to 14-year mortality in the Chicago People Gas Co. study. J Chronic Dis. 1975; 28:109-123.PubMed
63.
go back to reference Natlow AB, Heslin J. Geriatric Nutrition. Boston: CBI Publishing Co.; 1980. Natlow AB, Heslin J. Geriatric Nutrition. Boston: CBI Publishing Co.; 1980.
64.
go back to reference Master AM, Lasser RP, Beckman G. Tables of average weight and height of Americans aged 65-94 years. JAMA. 1960; 172:658-662. Master AM, Lasser RP, Beckman G. Tables of average weight and height of Americans aged 65-94 years. JAMA. 1960; 172:658-662.
65.
go back to reference Wolinsky PD, Coe RM, Chavez MN, et al. Further assessment of the reliability and validity of a nutritional risk index: analysis of a three wave panel to study elderly adults. Health Services Res. 1986; 20:977-990. Wolinsky PD, Coe RM, Chavez MN, et al. Further assessment of the reliability and validity of a nutritional risk index: analysis of a three wave panel to study elderly adults. Health Services Res. 1986; 20:977-990.
66.
go back to reference Fillenbaum GG. The Well-being of the Elderly: Approaches to Multidimensional Assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1984. WHO Offset Publication No. 84. Fillenbaum GG. The Well-being of the Elderly: Approaches to Multidimensional Assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1984. WHO Offset Publication No. 84.
67.
go back to reference Branch LG, Jette AM. Personal health practices and mortality among the elderly. Am J Public Health. 1984; 74:1126-1129.PubMedCentralPubMed Branch LG, Jette AM. Personal health practices and mortality among the elderly. Am J Public Health. 1984; 74:1126-1129.PubMedCentralPubMed
68.
go back to reference O’Hanlon P, Kohrs MB. Dietary studies of older Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988; 31:1257-1269. O’Hanlon P, Kohrs MB. Dietary studies of older Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988; 31:1257-1269.
69.
go back to reference National Research Council. Committee Report on Dietary Allowances of the Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Publication; 1989. National Research Council. Committee Report on Dietary Allowances of the Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Publication; 1989.
70.
go back to reference Lowenstein FW. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. In:Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986; 61-89. Lowenstein FW. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. In:Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986; 61-89.
72.
go back to reference Wolinsky FD, Coe RM, Miller DK, et al. Measurement of global and functional dimensions of health status in the elderly. J Gerontol. 1984; 39:88-92.PubMed Wolinsky FD, Coe RM, Miller DK, et al. Measurement of global and functional dimensions of health status in the elderly. J Gerontol. 1984; 39:88-92.PubMed
73.
go back to reference Korhs MB, Czajka-Narins D. Assessing nutrition of the elderly. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986:25-59. Korhs MB, Czajka-Narins D. Assessing nutrition of the elderly. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986:25-59.
74.
go back to reference Abraham S. Dietary intake findings, United States 1971-1974. In: National Health Survey, Vital and Health Statistics. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service; 1977. Abraham S. Dietary intake findings, United States 1971-1974. In: National Health Survey, Vital and Health Statistics. US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service; 1977.
75.
go back to reference Carroll MD, Abraham S, Dresser CM. Dietary intake source data: United States 1976-1980. In: The National Health Survey. Washington, DC: Department of Health & Human Services; 1983. Series 11, No. 231. DHHS Publication No. PHS-83-1681. Carroll MD, Abraham S, Dresser CM. Dietary intake source data: United States 1976-1980. In: The National Health Survey. Washington, DC: Department of Health & Human Services; 1983. Series 11, No. 231. DHHS Publication No. PHS-83-1681.
76.
go back to reference Abraham S. Height and Weight of Adults. Washington, DC: Department of Health Education and Welfare; DHEW Publication No. PHS-79-1659. Abraham S. Height and Weight of Adults. Washington, DC: Department of Health Education and Welfare; DHEW Publication No. PHS-79-1659.
77.
go back to reference Calloway DH, Zanni E. Energy requirements and energy expenditure of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980; 33:2088-2092.PubMed Calloway DH, Zanni E. Energy requirements and energy expenditure of elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980; 33:2088-2092.PubMed
78.
go back to reference Widdowson EM. How much food does man require? An evaluation of human energy needs. Experientia. 1983; 44(suppl):11-25.PubMed Widdowson EM. How much food does man require? An evaluation of human energy needs. Experientia. 1983; 44(suppl):11-25.PubMed
79.
go back to reference Munro HN, Suter PM, Russeil RM. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. Ann Rev Nutr. 1987; 7:23-49. Munro HN, Suter PM, Russeil RM. Nutritional requirements of the elderly. Ann Rev Nutr. 1987; 7:23-49.
80.
81.
go back to reference Greenblatt DJ. Reduced albumin concentration in the elderly: a report from the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1979; 27:20-23.PubMed Greenblatt DJ. Reduced albumin concentration in the elderly: a report from the Boston collaborative drug surveillance program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1979; 27:20-23.PubMed
82.
go back to reference Bullamore JR, Gallagher JC, Wilkinson R, Nordin BEC. Effect of age on calcium absorption. Lancet. 1990; II:535-537. Bullamore JR, Gallagher JC, Wilkinson R, Nordin BEC. Effect of age on calcium absorption. Lancet. 1990; II:535-537.
83.
go back to reference Ireland P, Fordtran JS. Effects of dietary calcium and age on jejunal calcium absorption in humans studied by intestinal perfusion. J Clin Invest. 1983; 52:2671-2681. Ireland P, Fordtran JS. Effects of dietary calcium and age on jejunal calcium absorption in humans studied by intestinal perfusion. J Clin Invest. 1983; 52:2671-2681.
84.
go back to reference Armbrecht HJ. Changes in calcium and vitamin D metabolism with age. In: Armbrecht HJ, Prendergast JM, Coe RM, red. Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process. New York: Springer Verlag; 1984:69-86. Armbrecht HJ. Changes in calcium and vitamin D metabolism with age. In: Armbrecht HJ, Prendergast JM, Coe RM, red. Nutritional Intervention in the Aging Process. New York: Springer Verlag; 1984:69-86.
85.
go back to reference Heaney RP. Calcium intake, bone health, and aging. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986:165-186. Heaney RP. Calcium intake, bone health, and aging. In: Young EA, red. Nutrition, Aging and Health. New York: Alan R Liss; 1986:165-186.
86.
go back to reference Johnson NE, Alcantara EN, Linksweiler HN. Effect of level of protein intake on urinary and fecal calcium retention of young adults. J Nutr. 1990; 100:1425-1430. Johnson NE, Alcantara EN, Linksweiler HN. Effect of level of protein intake on urinary and fecal calcium retention of young adults. J Nutr. 1990; 100:1425-1430.
87.
go back to reference Draper HH, Sie TL, Bergen JG. Osteoporosis in aging rats induced by high phosphorus diet. J Nutr. 1984; 102:1113-1142. Draper HH, Sie TL, Bergen JG. Osteoporosis in aging rats induced by high phosphorus diet. J Nutr. 1984; 102:1113-1142.
88.
go back to reference Heaney RP, Recker RR. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and caffeine on calcium balance in women. J Lab Clin Med. 1982; 99:46-55.PubMed Heaney RP, Recker RR. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and caffeine on calcium balance in women. J Lab Clin Med. 1982; 99:46-55.PubMed
89.
go back to reference McKenna MJ, Freaney R, Meade A, Muldowney FP. Hypovitaminosis D and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985; 41:101-108.PubMed McKenna MJ, Freaney R, Meade A, Muldowney FP. Hypovitaminosis D and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985; 41:101-108.PubMed
90.
go back to reference Slovik DM, Adams JS, Weer RM, et al. Deficient production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in elderly osteoporotic patients. N Engl J Med. 1991; 305:372-374. Slovik DM, Adams JS, Weer RM, et al. Deficient production of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in elderly osteoporotic patients. N Engl J Med. 1991; 305:372-374.
91.
go back to reference Baker MR, Peacock R, Nordin BEC: The decline in vitamin D status with age. Age Aging. 1980; 9:249-256. Baker MR, Peacock R, Nordin BEC: The decline in vitamin D status with age. Age Aging. 1980; 9:249-256.
92.
go back to reference Freiman R, Johnston FA. Iron absorption in the health of the aged. Geriatrics. 1983; 18:716-720. Freiman R, Johnston FA. Iron absorption in the health of the aged. Geriatrics. 1983; 18:716-720.
93.
go back to reference Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO, Thompson D. The anemia of senescence. Am J Hematol. 1986; 11:47-54. Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO, Thompson D. The anemia of senescence. Am J Hematol. 1986; 11:47-54.
94.
go back to reference Lipschitz DA, Udupa KB, Milton KY, Thompson D. The effect of age on hematopoiesis in man. Blood. 1984; 63:502-509.PubMed Lipschitz DA, Udupa KB, Milton KY, Thompson D. The effect of age on hematopoiesis in man. Blood. 1984; 63:502-509.PubMed
95.
go back to reference Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO. The correctability of the nutritional, immune and haematopoietic manifestations of protein-calorie malnutrition in the elderly. J Am Coll Nutr. 1982; 1:17-25.PubMed Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO. The correctability of the nutritional, immune and haematopoietic manifestations of protein-calorie malnutrition in the elderly. J Am Coll Nutr. 1982; 1:17-25.PubMed
96.
go back to reference Garry PJ, Goodwin JS, Hunt WC. Folate and vitamin B12 status in a healthy elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984; 32:719-726.PubMed Garry PJ, Goodwin JS, Hunt WC. Folate and vitamin B12 status in a healthy elderly population. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984; 32:719-726.PubMed
97.
go back to reference Bailey LB, Wagner PA, Christakis GJ, et al. Vitamin B12 status of elderly persons from urban low-income households. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990; 28:276-278. Bailey LB, Wagner PA, Christakis GJ, et al. Vitamin B12 status of elderly persons from urban low-income households. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990; 28:276-278.
98.
go back to reference Comfort MW. Gastric acidity before and after development of gastric cancer: its etiologic, diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 34:1331-1336. Comfort MW. Gastric acidity before and after development of gastric cancer: its etiologic, diagnostic and prognostic significance. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 34:1331-1336.
99.
go back to reference Steinberg WM, Toskes PP. A practical approach to evaluating mal-digestion and malabsorption. Geriatrics. 1988; 33:73-85. Steinberg WM, Toskes PP. A practical approach to evaluating mal-digestion and malabsorption. Geriatrics. 1988; 33:73-85.
100.
go back to reference Trence DL, Morley JE, Handwerger BS. Polyglandular auto-immune syndromes. Am J Med. 1984; 77:107-116.PubMed Trence DL, Morley JE, Handwerger BS. Polyglandular auto-immune syndromes. Am J Med. 1984; 77:107-116.PubMed
101.
go back to reference Read AE, Gough KR, Pardge JL, et al. Nutritional studies on the entrants to an old people’s home, with particular reference to folic acid deficiency. Br Med J. 1985; 11:843-848. Read AE, Gough KR, Pardge JL, et al. Nutritional studies on the entrants to an old people’s home, with particular reference to folic acid deficiency. Br Med J. 1985; 11:843-848.
102.
go back to reference Elsborg L. Reversible malabsorption of folic acid in the elderly with nutritional folate deficiency. Acta Haematol. 1986; 55:140-147. Elsborg L. Reversible malabsorption of folic acid in the elderly with nutritional folate deficiency. Acta Haematol. 1986; 55:140-147.
103.
go back to reference Batata M, Spray GH, Bolton FG, et al. Blood and bone marrow changes in elderly patients, with special reference to folic acid, vitamin B12, iron and ascorbic acid. Br Med J. 1987; 2:667-669. Batata M, Spray GH, Bolton FG, et al. Blood and bone marrow changes in elderly patients, with special reference to folic acid, vitamin B12, iron and ascorbic acid. Br Med J. 1987; 2:667-669.
104.
go back to reference Fox JH, Topel JL, Huckman MS. Dementia in the elderly – a search for treatable illnesses. J Gerontol. 1985; 30:557-564. Fox JH, Topel JL, Huckman MS. Dementia in the elderly – a search for treatable illnesses. J Gerontol. 1985; 30:557-564.
105.
go back to reference Leibovitz BE, Siegel BV. Aspects of free radical reactions in biological systems: aging. J Gerontol. 1990; 35:45-56. Leibovitz BE, Siegel BV. Aspects of free radical reactions in biological systems: aging. J Gerontol. 1990; 35:45-56.
106.
go back to reference Pauling LC. Vitamin C and the common cold. San Francisco: Freeman; 1970. Pauling LC. Vitamin C and the common cold. San Francisco: Freeman; 1970.
108.
go back to reference Schorah CJ, Tormey WP, Brooks GH, et al. The effect of vitamin C supplements on body weight, serum proteins, and general health of an elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34:871-876.PubMed Schorah CJ, Tormey WP, Brooks GH, et al. The effect of vitamin C supplements on body weight, serum proteins, and general health of an elderly population. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34:871-876.PubMed
109.
go back to reference Sauberlich HE. Ascorbic acid. In: Olson RE, red. Nutrition Reviews: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation; 1984; 269-272. Sauberlich HE. Ascorbic acid. In: Olson RE, red. Nutrition Reviews: Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation; 1984; 269-272.
110.
go back to reference Sulkin NM, Sulkin DF. Tissue changes induced by marginal vitamin C deficiency. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1975; 258:317-328.PubMed Sulkin NM, Sulkin DF. Tissue changes induced by marginal vitamin C deficiency. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1975; 258:317-328.PubMed
111.
go back to reference Attwood EC, Robey E, Kramer JJ, et al. A survey of the haematological, nutritional, and biochemical state of the rural elderly with particular reference to vitamin C. Age Aging. 1988; 7:46-56. Attwood EC, Robey E, Kramer JJ, et al. A survey of the haematological, nutritional, and biochemical state of the rural elderly with particular reference to vitamin C. Age Aging. 1988; 7:46-56.
112.
go back to reference Burr ML, Elwood PC, Hole DJ, et al. Plasma and leucocyte ascorbic acid levels in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 27:144-151. Burr ML, Elwood PC, Hole DJ, et al. Plasma and leucocyte ascorbic acid levels in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 27:144-151.
113.
go back to reference Susaki R, Kurokawa T, Tero-Kubota S. Ascorbate radical and ascorbic acid level in human serum and age. J Gerontol. 1983; 38:26-30. Susaki R, Kurokawa T, Tero-Kubota S. Ascorbate radical and ascorbic acid level in human serum and age. J Gerontol. 1983; 38:26-30.
114.
go back to reference Spindler AA. The role of Vitamin C in cognitive impairment in the elderly. Nutr Rep internat. 1989; 39:713-717. Spindler AA. The role of Vitamin C in cognitive impairment in the elderly. Nutr Rep internat. 1989; 39:713-717.
115.
go back to reference Vatassery GT, Johnson GJ, Krezowski AM. Changes in vitamin E concentrations in human plasma and platelets with age. J Am Coll Nutr. 1983; 4:369-375. Vatassery GT, Johnson GJ, Krezowski AM. Changes in vitamin E concentrations in human plasma and platelets with age. J Am Coll Nutr. 1983; 4:369-375.
116.
go back to reference Haeger K. Long-time treatment of intermittent claudication with vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 27:1179-1181. Haeger K. Long-time treatment of intermittent claudication with vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 27:1179-1181.
117.
go back to reference Sokol RJ. Vitamin E deficiencies in the elderly. Free Radical Biol Med. 1989; 6:189-193. Sokol RJ. Vitamin E deficiencies in the elderly. Free Radical Biol Med. 1989; 6:189-193.
118.
go back to reference Birren JE, Bick MW, Fox C. Age changes in the light threshold of the dark-adapted eye. J Gerontol. 1988; 43:267-271. Birren JE, Bick MW, Fox C. Age changes in the light threshold of the dark-adapted eye. J Gerontol. 1988; 43:267-271.
119.
go back to reference Watkin DM. Handbook of Nutrition, Health and Aging. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications; 1983. Watkin DM. Handbook of Nutrition, Health and Aging. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Publications; 1983.
120.
go back to reference Read MH, Graney AS. Food supplement usage by the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1982; 80:250-253.PubMed Read MH, Graney AS. Food supplement usage by the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1982; 80:250-253.PubMed
122.
go back to reference Sandstead HH, Henriksen LK, Greger JL, et al. Zinc nutriture in the elderly in relation to taste acuity, immune response and wound healing. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36:1046-1059.PubMed Sandstead HH, Henriksen LK, Greger JL, et al. Zinc nutriture in the elderly in relation to taste acuity, immune response and wound healing. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982; 36:1046-1059.PubMed
123.
go back to reference Lindman RD, Clark ML, Colmore JP. Influence of age and sex on plasma and red-cell zinc concentrations. J Gerontol. 1991; 26:358-363. Lindman RD, Clark ML, Colmore JP. Influence of age and sex on plasma and red-cell zinc concentrations. J Gerontol. 1991; 26:358-363.
124.
go back to reference Bunker VW, Hinks LJ, Lawson MS, et al. Assessment of zinc and copper status of healthy elderly people using metabolic balance studies and measurement of leucocyte concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40:1096-1102.PubMed Bunker VW, Hinks LJ, Lawson MS, et al. Assessment of zinc and copper status of healthy elderly people using metabolic balance studies and measurement of leucocyte concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 40:1096-1102.PubMed
125.
go back to reference Wagner PA, Krista ML, Bailey LB, et al. Zinc status of elderly black Americans from urban low-income households. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 33:1771-1777. Wagner PA, Krista ML, Bailey LB, et al. Zinc status of elderly black Americans from urban low-income households. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 33:1771-1777.
126.
go back to reference Alhava EM, Olkkonen H, Puittinen J, et al. Zinc content of human cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1987; 48:1-4. Alhava EM, Olkkonen H, Puittinen J, et al. Zinc content of human cancellous bone. Acta Orthop Scand. 1987; 48:1-4.
127.
go back to reference Schroeder HA, Nelson AP, Tipton IH, et al. Essential trace metals in man: zinc. Relation to environmental cadmium. J Chronic Dis. 1987; 20:179-210. Schroeder HA, Nelson AP, Tipton IH, et al. Essential trace metals in man: zinc. Relation to environmental cadmium. J Chronic Dis. 1987; 20:179-210.
128.
go back to reference Blazsek I, Mathe G. Zinc and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother. 1984; 38:187-193.PubMed Blazsek I, Mathe G. Zinc and immunity. Biomed Pharmacother. 1984; 38:187-193.PubMed
129.
go back to reference Makinodan T, Yunis E, red. Immunology and Aging. New York: Plenum Press; 1977; 1. Makinodan T, Yunis E, red. Immunology and Aging. New York: Plenum Press; 1977; 1.
130.
go back to reference Wacker WEC. Role of zinc in wound healing: a critical review. In: Prasad AS, red. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York:Academic Press; 1986:107-114. Wacker WEC. Role of zinc in wound healing: a critical review. In: Prasad AS, red. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York:Academic Press; 1986:107-114.
131.
go back to reference Haeger K, Lanner E, Magnusson PO. Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of venous leg ulcer. In: Pories WJ, Strain WH, Hsu JM, Woosley RL, red. Clinical Applications of Zinc Metabolism. Springfield, I11: Charles C. Thomas; 1974:158-167. Haeger K, Lanner E, Magnusson PO. Oral zinc sulfate in the treatment of venous leg ulcer. In: Pories WJ, Strain WH, Hsu JM, Woosley RL, red. Clinical Applications of Zinc Metabolism. Springfield, I11: Charles C. Thomas; 1974:158-167.
132.
go back to reference Essatara M’B, Morley JE, Levine AS, et al. The role of the endogenous opiates in zinc deficiency anorexia. Physiol Behav. 1984; 32:475-478.PubMed Essatara M’B, Morley JE, Levine AS, et al. The role of the endogenous opiates in zinc deficiency anorexia. Physiol Behav. 1984; 32:475-478.PubMed
133.
go back to reference Morley JE, Levine AS. The pharmacology of eating behavior. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1985; 25:127-146. Morley JE, Levine AS. The pharmacology of eating behavior. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1985; 25:127-146.
134.
go back to reference Billington CJ, Levine AS, Morley JE. Zinc status in impotent patients. Clin Res. 1983; 31 (abstr):714A. Billington CJ, Levine AS, Morley JE. Zinc status in impotent patients. Clin Res. 1983; 31 (abstr):714A.
135.
go back to reference Burnet FM. A possible role of zinc in the pathology of dementia. Lancet. 1991; 1:186-188. Burnet FM. A possible role of zinc in the pathology of dementia. Lancet. 1991; 1:186-188.
136.
go back to reference Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM. The question of copper deficiency in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 15:94-110. Cartwright GE, Wintrobe MM. The question of copper deficiency in man. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984; 15:94-110.
137.
go back to reference Harris HD, O’Dell BL. Copper and amine oxidases in connective tissue metabolism. Proteinmetal interaction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984; 48:267-284. Harris HD, O’Dell BL. Copper and amine oxidases in connective tissue metabolism. Proteinmetal interaction. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1984; 48:267-284.
138.
go back to reference O’Dell BL. Biochemistry of physiology and copper in vertebrates. In: Prasad AS, red. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York:Academic Press; 1986; I:391-413. O’Dell BL. Biochemistry of physiology and copper in vertebrates. In: Prasad AS, red. Trace Elements in Human Health and Disease. New York:Academic Press; 1986; I:391-413.
139.
go back to reference Yunice AA, Linedman RD, Czerwinski AW, et al. Influence of age and sex on serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels. J Gerontol. 1984; 29:277-281. Yunice AA, Linedman RD, Czerwinski AW, et al. Influence of age and sex on serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels. J Gerontol. 1984; 29:277-281.
140.
go back to reference Schroeder HA. Serum cholesterol and glucose levels in rats fed refined and less refined sugars and chromium. J Nutr. 1989; 97:237-242. Schroeder HA. Serum cholesterol and glucose levels in rats fed refined and less refined sugars and chromium. J Nutr. 1989; 97:237-242.
141.
go back to reference Schroeder HA, Nason AP, Tipton IH. Chromium deficiency as a factor in atherosclerosis. J Chronic Dis. 1990; 23:123-142. Schroeder HA, Nason AP, Tipton IH. Chromium deficiency as a factor in atherosclerosis. J Chronic Dis. 1990; 23:123-142.
142.
go back to reference Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Beneficial effects of chromium rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. Diabetes. 1980; 29:919-925.PubMed Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Beneficial effects of chromium rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. Diabetes. 1980; 29:919-925.PubMed
143.
go back to reference Newman HAI, Leighton RF, Lanese RR, et al. Serum chromium and angiographically determined coronary artery disease. Clin Chem. 1978; 24:541-544.PubMed Newman HAI, Leighton RF, Lanese RR, et al. Serum chromium and angiographically determined coronary artery disease. Clin Chem. 1978; 24:541-544.PubMed
144.
go back to reference Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JGG, et al. Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men. N Engl J Med. 1984; 311:753-759.PubMed Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JGG, et al. Reduced thirst after water deprivation in healthy elderly men. N Engl J Med. 1984; 311:753-759.PubMed
145.
go back to reference Miller PD, Krebs RA, Neal BJ, et al. Hypodipsia in geriatric patients. Am J Med. 1982; 73:354-356.PubMed Miller PD, Krebs RA, Neal BJ, et al. Hypodipsia in geriatric patients. Am J Med. 1982; 73:354-356.PubMed
146.
go back to reference Lavizzo-Mourey R, Johnson J, Stolley P. Risk factors for dehydration among elderly nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988; 36:213-218.PubMed Lavizzo-Mourey R, Johnson J, Stolley P. Risk factors for dehydration among elderly nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988; 36:213-218.PubMed
147.
go back to reference Roe DA. Therapeutic effects of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1985; 85:174-178.PubMed Roe DA. Therapeutic effects of drug-nutrient interactions in the elderly. J Am Diet Assoc. 1985; 85:174-178.PubMed
148.
go back to reference Smith CH, Bidlack WR. Dietary concerns associated with the use of medications. J Am Diet Assoc. 1984; 84:901-908.PubMed Smith CH, Bidlack WR. Dietary concerns associated with the use of medications. J Am Diet Assoc. 1984; 84:901-908.PubMed
149.
go back to reference Spencer H, Lender M.Adverse effects of aluminum-containing antacids on mineral metabolism. Gastroenterology. 1989; 76:603-606. Spencer H, Lender M.Adverse effects of aluminum-containing antacids on mineral metabolism. Gastroenterology. 1989; 76:603-606.
150.
go back to reference Wasnich R, Benfante R, Yanok-Heilbrun L, Vogel J. Thiazide effect on the mineral content of bone. N Engl J Med. 1983; 309:344-347.PubMed Wasnich R, Benfante R, Yanok-Heilbrun L, Vogel J. Thiazide effect on the mineral content of bone. N Engl J Med. 1983; 309:344-347.PubMed
151.
go back to reference Vestal RE, Norris AH, Tobin JD, et al. Antipyrin metabolism in man: influence of age, alcohol, caffeine and smoking. Clin Pharm Ther. 1975; 18:425-432. Vestal RE, Norris AH, Tobin JD, et al. Antipyrin metabolism in man: influence of age, alcohol, caffeine and smoking. Clin Pharm Ther. 1975; 18:425-432.
152.
go back to reference Alderman E, Coltart D. Alcohol and the heart. Br Med Bull. 1982; 38:77-81.PubMed Alderman E, Coltart D. Alcohol and the heart. Br Med Bull. 1982; 38:77-81.PubMed
153.
go back to reference McCay CM, Crowell MF, Maynard LA.The effect of retarded growth upon length of life span and ultimate body size. J Nutr. 1935; 10:63-79. McCay CM, Crowell MF, Maynard LA.The effect of retarded growth upon length of life span and ultimate body size. J Nutr. 1935; 10:63-79.
154.
go back to reference Harman D. Free radical of aging: dietary implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1972; 25:839-843.PubMed Harman D. Free radical of aging: dietary implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 1972; 25:839-843.PubMed
155.
go back to reference Mechnikova O. Life of Elie Metchnikoff. London: Constable and Company; 1921. Mechnikova O. Life of Elie Metchnikoff. London: Constable and Company; 1921.
156.
go back to reference Young VR. Diet as modulator of aging and longevity. Fed Proc. 1979; 38:1994-2000.PubMed Young VR. Diet as modulator of aging and longevity. Fed Proc. 1979; 38:1994-2000.PubMed
157.
go back to reference Porta EA. Nutritional factors and aging. In: Robin RB, Mehlman MA, red. Advances in Modern Human Nutrition. Park Forest South, Il: Pathotox; 1980; I:106-118. Porta EA. Nutritional factors and aging. In: Robin RB, Mehlman MA, red. Advances in Modern Human Nutrition. Park Forest South, Il: Pathotox; 1980; I:106-118.
158.
go back to reference Kohn RR. Principles of Mammalian Aging. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1978. Kohn RR. Principles of Mammalian Aging. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1978.
159.
go back to reference Shamberger RJ, Andreone TL, Willis CE. Antioxidants and cancer, I.V. initiating activity of malgnaldehyde as a carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963; 53:316-326. Shamberger RJ, Andreone TL, Willis CE. Antioxidants and cancer, I.V. initiating activity of malgnaldehyde as a carcinogen. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963; 53:316-326.
160.
go back to reference Ordy JM. Nutrition as modulator of rate of aging, disease, and longevity. In: Ordy JM, Harman D, Alin-Slater RB, red. Nutrition in Gerontology. New York: Raven Press; 1984; 26:1-17. Ordy JM. Nutrition as modulator of rate of aging, disease, and longevity. In: Ordy JM, Harman D, Alin-Slater RB, red. Nutrition in Gerontology. New York: Raven Press; 1984; 26:1-17.
161.
go back to reference Hegsted DM. Energy needs and energy utilization. Nutr Rev. 1974; 32:33-45.PubMed Hegsted DM. Energy needs and energy utilization. Nutr Rev. 1974; 32:33-45.PubMed
162.
go back to reference Kreutler PA. Nutrition in Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1980. Kreutler PA. Nutrition in Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1980.
163.
go back to reference Young VR. Protein metabolism with aging. In: Munro HN, red. Mammalian Protein Metabolism. New York:Academic Press; 1980; IV. Young VR. Protein metabolism with aging. In: Munro HN, red. Mammalian Protein Metabolism. New York:Academic Press; 1980; IV.
164.
go back to reference Weg RB. Nutrition and the Later Years. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press; 1979. Weg RB. Nutrition and the Later Years. Los Angeles: University of Southern California Press; 1979.
165.
go back to reference Stultz BM. Preventive health care for the elderly. Western J Med. 1984; 141:832-845. Stultz BM. Preventive health care for the elderly. Western J Med. 1984; 141:832-845.
166.
go back to reference Kennie DC. Health maintenance in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984; 32:316-323.PubMed Kennie DC. Health maintenance in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1984; 32:316-323.PubMed
167.
go back to reference Berkman LF. The assessment of social networks and social support in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983; 31:743-749.PubMed Berkman LF. The assessment of social networks and social support in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1983; 31:743-749.PubMed
168.
go back to reference Smiciklas-Wright H, Fosmire GJ. Government nutrition programs for the aged. In: Watson RR, red. CRC Handbook of Nutrition in the Aged. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1985; 323-334. Smiciklas-Wright H, Fosmire GJ. Government nutrition programs for the aged. In: Watson RR, red. CRC Handbook of Nutrition in the Aged. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1985; 323-334.
169.
go back to reference Fanelli MT, Kaufman M. Nutrition and older adults. In: Phillips HT, Gaylord SA, red. Aging and Public Health. New York: Springer Publishing; 1985:76-100. Fanelli MT, Kaufman M. Nutrition and older adults. In: Phillips HT, Gaylord SA, red. Aging and Public Health. New York: Springer Publishing; 1985:76-100.
170.
go back to reference Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO, Steele RW, Milton KY. Nutritional evaluation and supplementation of elderly subjects participating in a ‘Meals on Wheels’ program. J Parent Ent Nutr. 1985; 9: 343-347. Lipschitz DA, Mitchell CO, Steele RW, Milton KY. Nutritional evaluation and supplementation of elderly subjects participating in a ‘Meals on Wheels’ program. J Parent Ent Nutr. 1985; 9: 343-347.
171.
go back to reference Villers Foundation. On the Other Side of Easy Street: Myths and Facts About the Economics of Old Age. Washington, DC: Villers Foundation; 1986. Villers Foundation. On the Other Side of Easy Street: Myths and Facts About the Economics of Old Age. Washington, DC: Villers Foundation; 1986.
172.
go back to reference Volksgezondheid Toekomst Verkenning. Ruwaard D, Kramers PGN (red): De gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking in de periode 1959-2010. Den Haag, RIVM, 1993: p. 217. Volksgezondheid Toekomst Verkenning. Ruwaard D, Kramers PGN (red): De gezondheid van de Nederlandse bevolking in de periode 1959-2010. Den Haag, RIVM, 1993: p. 217.
173.
go back to reference Vademecum gezondheidsstatistiek Nederland 1996. Voorburg: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 1996, p. 217. Vademecum gezondheidsstatistiek Nederland 1996. Voorburg: Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, 1996, p. 217.
Metagegevens
Titel
Voedingsaspecten van het ouder worden
Auteurs
C. B. Lewis
J. M. Bottomley
Copyright
1999
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-9393-0_7