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Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

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03-10-2020 | Original Paper

Visual Traces of Language Acquisition in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder During the Second Year of Life

Auteurs: Serene Habayeb, Tawny Tsang, Celine Saulnier, Cheryl Klaiman, Warren Jones, Ami Klin, Laura A. Edwards

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 7/2021

Abstract

Infants show shifting patterns of visual engagement to faces over the first years of life. To explore the adaptive implications of this engagement, we collected eye-tracking measures on cross-sectional samples of 10–25-month-old typically developing toddlers (TD;N = 28) and those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD;N = 54). Concurrent language assessments were conducted and relationships between visual engagement and expressive and receptive language were analyzed between groups, and within ASD subgroups. TD and ASD toddlers exhibited greater mouth- than eye-looking, with TD exhibiting higher levels of mouth-looking than ASD. Mouth-looking was positively associated with expressive language in TD toddlers, and in ASD toddlers who had acquired first words. Mouth-looking was unrelated to expressive language in ASD toddlers who had not yet acquired first words.

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Nonverbal developmental quotient = {[(Fine Motor Age Equivalent Score + Visual Reception Age Equivalent Score)/2]/Chronological Age (months)}*100.

Note that this analysis was both hypothesized to be of importance—and only possible—within the ASD sample as only 3 of our TD toddlers had not yet acquired first words.

Associations between eye- and mouth-looking in the ASD-Words and ASD-No Words subgroups were similar to that of the overall ASD and TD groups (ASD-Words r = − 0.80, p < .001; ASD-No Words r = − 0.82, p < .001, respectively).

Although preliminary analyses to formally test for this variation (one-way ANOVAs of eye- and mouth-looking by Mullen expressive item 11 score) found no significant effects (TD-eye: F(2,21) = 0.94, p = 0.406; TD-mouth: F(2,21) = 1.34, p = 0.284; ASD-eye: F(3,47) = 1.23, p = 0.310; ASD-mouth: F(3,47) = 0.72, p = 0.547) we retain this limitation as we might be underpowered to detect effects when splitting our samples into the 4 Mullen expressive language item 11 categories, particularly in the case of our 28 TD toddlers.

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Titel: Visual Traces of Language Acquisition in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder During the Second Year of Life
Auteurs: Serene Habayeb
Tawny Tsang
Celine Saulnier
Cheryl Klaiman
Warren Jones
Ami Klin
Laura A. Edwards
Publicatiedatum: 03-10-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 7/2021
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04730-x

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