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2023 | OriginalPaper | Hoofdstuk

6. Vermoeidheid, spierpijn en spierkramp

Auteurs : Larry W. Kenney, Jack H. Wilmore, David L. Costill, Ramón Lindauer

Gepubliceerd in: Inspannings- en sportfysiologie

Uitgeverij: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

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Introductie

De oorzaken en locaties van ‘vermoeidheid’ tijdens of net na inspanning, zijn net zo talrijk als de sensaties die erbij ontstaan. Hoewel er vaak termen worden gebruikt voor hoe het in verschillende lichaamsdelen aanvoelt – brandende longen, zware benen, onwrikbare vermoeidheid – zijn onderzoekers zich ook gaan richten op de rol van het brein bij vermoeidheid. Want het brein verzamelt alle sensorische feedback vanuit het lichaam en bepaalt wanneer fysieke inspanning niet meer kan worden volgehouden. Recent onderzoek heeft laten zien dat een vermoeid brein sportprestaties net zo kan beperken als vermoeide spieren dat kunnen. Een artikel van dr. Samuele Marcora getiteld ‘Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans’, in het Journal of Applied Physiology, geeft aan dat de waarneming van vermoeidheid zorgt voor het bereiken van onze fysieke grenzen, voordat het lichaam zelf zijn grenzen bereikt. Een groep rugbyers spande zich tijdens een test voor uithoudingsvermogen in tot het moment van uitputting, maar was vervolgens wel in staat om een sprint van 5 seconden uit te voeren. Dus de waarnemingen van het brein over de vermoeidheid zorgden voor het stoppen van de duurarbeid voordat de sporters hun lichamelijke grens hadden bereikt. Het brein werkt mogelijk als een rem op activiteiten vóórdat een somatische grens is bereikt. Dit betekent niet dat vermoeidheid alleen maar ‘tussen de oren zit’. Vermoeidheid is complex, met meerdere oorzaken. Zo zijn zowel de spieren als de hersenen afhankelijk van glucose en glycogeen als brandstof.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Woordenlijst
Central governor-theorie
Theorie die stelt dat er processen in het brein optreden die het geleverde vermogen van de spieren reguleren om onveilige situaties te voorkomen.
Kritisch vermogen
Het maximale uitwendige vermogen dat kan worden volgehouden, in ieder geval theoretisch, zonder dat vermoeidheid de prestaties gaat beperken.
Acute spierpijn
Stijfheid of pijn die tijdens of direct na een inspanning wordt waargenomen.
Vertraagde spierpijn
Zie Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS).
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of vertraagde spierpijn
Spierpijn die na één tot twee dagen na een inspanning optreedt, voornamelijk door daadwerkelijke schade in de spier.
Vermoeidheid
Algemene gevoelens van moeheid die samengaan met afname in fysieke prestaties.
Inspanningsgerelateerde spierkramp
Pijnlijke langdurige spiercontracties die gevolg zijn van of samengaan met spiercontracties.
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Metagegevens
Titel
Vermoeidheid, spierpijn en spierkramp
Auteurs
Larry W. Kenney
Jack H. Wilmore
David L. Costill
Ramón Lindauer
Copyright
2023
Uitgeverij
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2921-2_6