Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-08-2012

UV photography, masculinity, and college men’s sun protection cognitions

Auteurs: Laura A. Walsh, Michelle L. Stock

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Uitgave 4/2012

Abstract

This study examined the impact of an ultraviolet (UV) photography intervention and masculinity on college men’s sun protection cognitions, including: perceived vulnerability to skin damage, attitudes toward sun protection, willingness to engage in sun protection behaviors, and intentions to receive a skin cancer exam. After completing a baseline survey, participants (N = 152) viewed a black-and-white photo of their face. Half also viewed a photo showing their UV damage. Participants then completed a second survey assessing sun protection cognitions. Regressions revealed that masculinity predicted lower sun protection cognitions, and men in the UV photograph condition reported higher sun protection cognitions. Masculinity by condition interactions showed that the positive effect of UV photography was stronger among masculine men. Negative associations between masculinity and sun protection cognitions were significant only among men who did not receive the intervention. Findings suggest that UV photography is a promising sun protection intervention among masculine men.

vorige artikel Symptom experience during acute coronary syndrome and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms

volgende artikel Planning and self-efficacy can increase fruit and vegetable consumption: a randomized controlled trial

Another purpose of this study was to examine the causal impact of masculinity on sun protection cognitions. Prior to the UV photograph manipulation, participants were randomly assigned to be either primed or not primed with masculine words. We hypothesized that men in the masculine priming condition would report less protective cognitions and that this condition would moderate the effects of viewing one’s UV photograph. However, analyses showed no main effects of the priming condition and no interaction with the UV photograph condition on any of the sun protection cognitions. The priming condition also did not pass the manipulation check and therefore was not included in the present analyses. When priming condition was included as a control variable in the final regressions, the results did not change.

Independent samples t-tests revealed that White and non-White participants did not differ in levels of self-reported masculinity.

Twelve participants were missing data for four or fewer items on the masculinity scale. A value was imputed for each of these missing data points based on the individual participants’ mean scores on the relevant masculinity subscale. The results did not differ when these participants were excluded from the final analyses.

ABC News. (2005, June 27). Skin mapping shows early signs of sun damage. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/WNT/Health/story?id=886396.

Abroms, L., Jorgensen, C. M., Southwell, B. G., Geller, A. C., & Emmons, K. M. (2003). Gender differences in young adults’ beliefs about sunscreen use. Health Education & Behavior, 30, 29–43.CrossRef

Azizi, E., Flint, P., Sadetzki, S., Solomon, A., Lerman, Y., Harari, G., et al. (2000). A graded work site intervention program to improve sun protection and skin cancer awareness in outdoor workers in Israel. Cancer Causes and Control, 11, 513–521.PubMedCrossRef

Barkley, G. S. (2008). Factors influencing health behaviors in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, III (NHANES III). Social Work in Health Care, 46, 57–79.PubMedCrossRef

Bränström, R., Ullén, H., & Brandberg, Y. (2004). Attitudes, subjective norms and perception of behavioural control as predictors of sun-related behavior in Swedish adults. Preventive Medicine, 39, 992–999.PubMedCrossRef

Buller, D. B., Borland, R., & Burgoon, M. (1998). Impact of behavioral intention on effectiveness of message features: Evidence from the Family Sun Safety Project. Health Communication Research, 24, 433–453.

Buller, D. B., Burgoon, M., Hall, J. R., Levine, N., Taylor, A. M., Beach, B., et al. (2000). Long-term effects of language intensity in preventive messages on planned family solar protection. Health Communication, 12, 261–275.PubMedCrossRef

Cash, T. F., & Jacobi, L. (1992). Looks aren’t everything (to everybody): The strength of ideals of physical appearance. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 621–630.

Cokkinides, V., Weinstock, M., Glanz, K., Albano, J., Ward, E., & Thun, M. (2006). Trends in sunburns, sun protection practices, and attitudes toward sun exposure protection and tanning among US adolescents, 1998–2004. Pediatrics, 118, 853–864.PubMedCrossRef

Conway, M., & Dubé, L. (2002). Humor in persuasion on threatening topics: Effectiveness is a function of audience sex role orientation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 863–873.

Coups, E. J., Manne, S. L., & Heckman, C. J. (2008). Multiple skin cancer risk behaviors in the U.S. population. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 34, 87–93.PubMedCrossRef

Courtenay, W. H. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s well-being: A theory of gender and health. Social Science and Medicine, 50, 1385–1401.PubMedCrossRef

Courtenay, W. H., McCreary, D. R., & Merighi, J. R. (2002). Gender and ethnic differences in health beliefs and behaviors. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 219–231.PubMedCrossRef

Fabrizi, G., Pagliarello, C., & Massi, G. (2008). A simple and inexpensive method for performing ultraviolet photography in your dermatology practice. Dermatologic Surgery, 34, 1093–1095.PubMedCrossRef

Fitzpatrick, T. B. (1988). The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Archives of Dermatology, 124, 869–871.PubMedCrossRef

Fulton, J. E., Jr. (1997). Utilizing the ultraviolet (UV Detect) camera to enhance the appearance of photodamage and other skin conditions. Dermatologic Surgery, 23, 163–169.PubMedCrossRef

Gallagher, R. P., Hill, G. B., Bajdik, C. D., Fincham, S., Coldman, A. J., McLean, D. I., et al. (1995). Sunlight exposure, pigmentary factors, and risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer. Archives of Dermatology, 131, 157–163.PubMedCrossRef

Geller, A. C., Johnson, T. M., Miller, D. R., Brooks, K. R., Layton, C. J., & Swetter, S. M. (2009). Factors associated with physician discovery of early melanoma in middle-aged and older men. Archives of Dermatology, 145, 409–414.PubMedCrossRef

Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A. (2008). A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review, 28, 29–61.CrossRef

Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Lane, D. J. (2003). A social reaction model of adolescent health risk. In J. Suls & K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness. Blackwell series in health psychology and behavioral medicine (pp. 107–136). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., Lane, D. J., Mahler, H. I. M., & Kulik, J. A. (2005). Using UV photography to reduce use of tanning booths: A test of cognitive mediation. Health Psychology, 24, 358–363.PubMedCrossRef

Girgis, A., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., & Watson, A. (1994). A workplace intervention for increasing outdoor workers’ use of solar protection. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 77–81.PubMedCrossRef

Glanz, K., Yaroch, A. L., Dancel, M., Saraiya, M., Crane, L. A., Buller, D. B., et al. (2008). Measures of sun exposure and sun protection practices for behavioral and epidemiologic research. Archives of Dermatology, 144, 217–222.PubMedCrossRef

Good, G. E., Schopp, L. H., Thomson, D., Hathaway, S. L., Mazurek, M. O., & Sanford-Martens, T. C. (2008). Men with serious injuries: Relations among masculinity, age, and alcohol use. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53, 39–45.CrossRef

Gough, B. (2006). Try to be healthy, but don’t forgo your masculinity: Deconstructing men’s health discourse in the media. Social Science and Medicine, 63, 2476–2488.PubMedCrossRef

Haas, A. F. (2007). Teens and tans: Implementing behavior change. Archives of Dermatology, 143, 1058–1061.PubMedCrossRef

Hillhouse, J. J., Stair, A. W., & Adler, C. M. (1996). Predictors of sunbathing and sunscreen use in college undergraduates. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 543–561.PubMedCrossRef

Hillhouse, J. J., Turrisi, R., & Kastner, M. (2000). Modeling tanning salon behavioral tendencies using appearance motivation, self-monitoring and the theory of planned behavior. Health Education Research, 15, 405–414.PubMedCrossRef

Hoegh, H. J., Davis, B. D., & Manthe, A. F. (1999). Sun avoidance practices among non-Hispanic White Californians. Health Education & Behavior, 26, 360–368.CrossRef

Kasparian, N. A., McLoone, J. K., & Meiser, B. (2009). Skin cancer-related prevention and screening behaviors: A review of the literature. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32, 406–428.PubMedCrossRef

Leary, M. R., & Jones, J. L. (1993). The social psychology of tanning and sunscreen use: Self-presentational motives as a predictor of health risk. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1390–1406.CrossRef

Levant, R. F., Wimer, D. J., & Williams, C. M. (2011). An evaluation of the health behavior inventory-20 (HBI-20) and its relationships to masculinity and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among college men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 12, 26–41.CrossRef

Linos, E., Swetter, S. M., Cockburn, M. G., Colditz, G. A., & Clarke, C. A. (2009). Increasing burden of melanoma in the United States. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 129, 1666–1674.PubMedCrossRef

Liu, W. M., & Iwamoto, D. K. (2007). Conformity to masculine norms, Asian values, coping strategies, peer group influences and substance use among Asian American men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 25–39.CrossRef

Mahalik, J. R., Lagan, H. D., & Morrison, J. A. (2006). Health behaviors and masculinity in Kenyan and U.S. male college students. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 191–202.CrossRef

Mahalik, J. R., Levi-Minzi, M., & Walker, G. (2007). Masculinity and health behaviors in Australian men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 240–249.CrossRef

Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B. D., Ludlow, L. H., Diemer, M. A., Scott, R. P. G., Gottfried, M., et al. (2003). Development of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 3–25.CrossRef

Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Butler, H. A., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2008). Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention. Social Science and Medicine, 67, 321–329.PubMedCrossRef

Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Long-term effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection behaviors. Health Psychology, 26, 350–360.PubMedCrossRef

Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gerrard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (2010). Effects of upward and downward social comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: A randomized, controlled experiment. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 496–507.PubMedCrossRef

Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Harrell, J. (2003). Effects of appearance-based interventions on sun protection intentions and self-reported behaviors. Health Psychology, 22, 199–209.PubMedCrossRef

Mahler, H. I. M., Kulik, J. A., Harrell, J., Correa, A., Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (2005). Effects of UV photographs, photoaging information, and use of sunless tanning lotion on sun protection behaviors. Archives of Dermatology, 141, 373–380.PubMedCrossRef

Mermelstein, R. J., & Riesenberg, L. A. (1992). Changing knowledge and attitudes about skin cancer risk factors in adolescents. Health Psychology, 11, 371–376.PubMedCrossRef

Millar, M. G., & Houska, J. A. (2007). Masculinity and intentions to perform health behaviors: The effectiveness of fear control arguments. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 403–409.PubMedCrossRef

National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS. (2010). Cancer trends progress report—2009/2010 update. Bethesda, MD. Retrieved from http://progressreport.cancer.gov.

Pagoto, S., McChargue, D., & Fuqua, R. W. (2003). Effects of a multicomponent intervention on motivation and sun protection behaviors among Midwestern beachgoers. Health Psychology, 22, 429–433.PubMedCrossRef

Rigel, D. S. (2008). Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 58, S129–S132.PubMedCrossRef

Rodriguez, G. L., Ma, F., Federman, D. G., Rouhani, P., Chimento, S., Multach, M., et al. (2007). Predictors of skin cancer screening practice and attitudes in primary care. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 57, 775–781.PubMedCrossRef

Rogers, H. W., Weinstock, M. A., Harris, A. R., Hinckley, M. R., Feldman, S. R., Fleischer, A. B., et al. (2010). Incidence estimate of nonmelanoma skin cancer in the United States, 2006. Archives of Dermatology, 146, 283–287.PubMedCrossRef

Saraiya, M., Hall, H. I., Thompson, T., Hartman, A., Glanz, K., Rimer, B., et al. (2004). Skin cancer screening among U.S. adults from 1992, 1998, and 2000 National Health Interview Surveys. Preventive Medicine, 39, 308–314.PubMedCrossRef

Skin Cancer Foundation. (2011). Skin cancer facts. Retrieved from http://www.skincancer.org/.

Smith, J. A., Braunack-Mayer, A., & Wittert, G. (2006). What do we know about men’s help-seeking and health service use? Medical Journal of Australia, 184, 81–83.PubMed

Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Dykstra, J. L., Weng, C.-Y., Mahler, H. I. M., et al. (2009). Sun protection intervention for highway workers: Long-term efficacy of UV photography and skin cancer information on men’s protective cognitions and behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 225–236.PubMedCrossRef

Swetter, S. M., Johnson, T. M., Miller, D. R., Layton, C. J., Brooks, K. R., & Geller, A. C. (2009). Melanoma in middle-aged and older men: A multi-institutional survey study of factors related to tumor thickness. Archives of Dermatology, 145, 397–404.PubMedCrossRef

Tsoureli-Nikita, E., Watson, R. E. B., & Griffiths, C. E. M. (2006). Photoageing: The darker side of the sun. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 5, 160–164.CrossRef

Veierød, M. B., Weiderpass, E., Thörn, M., Hansson, J., Lund, E., Armstrong, B., et al. (2003). A prospective study of pigmentation, sun exposure, and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma in women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 95, 1530–1538.PubMedCrossRef

Weinstock, M. A., Martin, R. A., Risica, P. M., Berwick, M., Lasater, T., Rakowski, W., et al. (1999). Thorough skin examination for the early detection of melanoma. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 17, 169–175.PubMedCrossRef

Weinstock, M. A., Rossi, J. S., Redding, C. A., & Maddock, J. E. (2002). Randomized controlled community trial of the efficacy of a multicomponent stage-matched intervention to increase sun protection among beachgoers. Preventive Medicine, 35, 584–592.PubMedCrossRef

Wheless, L., Ruczinski, I., Alani, R. M., Clipp, S., Hoffman-Bolton, J., Jorgensen, T. J., et al. (2009). The association between skin characteristics and skin cancer prevention behaviors. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention, 18, 2613–2619.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: UV photography, masculinity, and college men’s sun protection cognitions
Auteurs: Laura A. Walsh
Michelle L. Stock
Publicatiedatum: 01-08-2012
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Uitgave 4/2012
Print ISSN: 0160-7715
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3521
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9372-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2012

Planning and self-efficacy can increase fruit and vegetable consumption: a randomized controlled trial

Symptom experience during acute coronary syndrome and the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms

An affective booster moderates the effect of gain- and loss-framed messages on behavioral intentions for colorectal cancer screening

Forgive to Live: Forgiveness, Health, and Longevity

Fear-related predictors of vasovagal symptoms during blood donation: it’s in the blood

Beyond conventional socioeconomic status: examining subjective and objective social status with self-reported health among Asian immigrants