Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

26-09-2023 | Original Paper

Using Popular Media to Change Attitudes and Bolster Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder

Auteur: Stephanie C. Stern

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 11/2024

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

This research investigated the impact popular novels have on knowledge about and attitudes towards Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), compared to that of traditional college textbooks. Study 1 found that participants in the novel condition chose fewer correct and fewer incorrect responses to questions about ASD. Participants did not differ in their desired social distance from individuals with ASD. Study 2 found that participants in the novel and textbook conditions both showed the same amount of learning, with higher scores on the post-test assessment of knowledge than the pre-test. Participants in the novel condition showed significant improvement in their attitudes towards individuals with ASD after reading, while those in the textbook condition showed more negative attitudes after reading the textbook chapter. These findings add to our understanding of the potential of popular fiction to impact consumers’ knowledge about ASD while improving our attitudes towards individuals with ASD. These findings also raise concerns about traditional educational material used to teach about ASD.
Literatuur
go back to reference Allport, G. W. (2000). The nature of prejudice. Stereotypes and prejudice: Essential readings (pp. 20–48). Psychology Press. 490 Pages). Allport, G. W. (2000). The nature of prejudice. Stereotypes and prejudice: Essential readings (pp. 20–48). Psychology Press. 490 Pages).
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Appel, M., & Richter, T. (2007). Persuasive effects of fictional narratives increase over time. Media Psychology, 10(1), 113–134. Appel, M., & Richter, T. (2007). Persuasive effects of fictional narratives increase over time. Media Psychology, 10(1), 113–134.
go back to reference Barlow, D. H., Durand, V. M., Lalumiere, M. L., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach. Nelson Education. Barlow, D. H., Durand, V. M., Lalumiere, M. L., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Abnormal psychology: An integrative approach. Nelson Education.
go back to reference Beecher, C. C., & Darragh, J. J. (2011). Using literature that portrays individuals with autism with pre-service teachers. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas, 84(1), 21–25.CrossRef Beecher, C. C., & Darragh, J. J. (2011). Using literature that portrays individuals with autism with pre-service teachers. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies Issues and Ideas, 84(1), 21–25.CrossRef
go back to reference Burks-Abbott, G. (2007). Mark Haddon’s popularity and other curious incidents in my life as an autistic. Autism and Representation, 289. Burks-Abbott, G. (2007). Mark Haddon’s popularity and other curious incidents in my life as an autistic. Autism and Representation, 289.
go back to reference Busselle, R., & Bilandzic, H. (2008). Fictionality and perceived realism in experiencing stories: A model of narrative comprehension and engagement. Communication Theory, 18(2), 255–280.CrossRef Busselle, R., & Bilandzic, H. (2008). Fictionality and perceived realism in experiencing stories: A model of narrative comprehension and engagement. Communication Theory, 18(2), 255–280.CrossRef
go back to reference Butler, R. C., & Gillis, J. M. (2011). The impact of labels and behaviors on the stigmatization of adults with Asperger’s disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(6), 741–749.PubMedCrossRef Butler, R. C., & Gillis, J. M. (2011). The impact of labels and behaviors on the stigmatization of adults with Asperger’s disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(6), 741–749.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Campbell, J. M., Ferguson, J. E., Herzinger, C. V., Jackson, J. N., & Marino, C. A. (2004). Combined descriptive and explanatory information improves peers’ perceptions of autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25(4), 321–339.PubMedCrossRef Campbell, J. M., Ferguson, J. E., Herzinger, C. V., Jackson, J. N., & Marino, C. A. (2004). Combined descriptive and explanatory information improves peers’ perceptions of autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 25(4), 321–339.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cappadocia, M. C., Weiss, J. A., & Pepler, D. (2012). Bullying experiences among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(2), 266–277.PubMedCrossRef Cappadocia, M. C., Weiss, J. A., & Pepler, D. (2012). Bullying experiences among children and youth with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(2), 266–277.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cook, A. E., & O’Brien, E. J. (2014). Knowledge activation, integration, and validation during narrative text comprehension. Discourse Processes, 51(1–2), 26–49.CrossRef Cook, A. E., & O’Brien, E. J. (2014). Knowledge activation, integration, and validation during narrative text comprehension. Discourse Processes, 51(1–2), 26–49.CrossRef
go back to reference Corrigan, P. W. (2000). Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(1), 48–67. Corrigan, P. W. (2000). Mental health stigma as social attribution: Implications for research methods and attitude change. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(1), 48–67.
go back to reference Dovidio, J. F., Eller, A., & Hewstone, M. (2011). Improving intergroup relations through direct, extended and other forms of indirect contact. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(2), 147–160.CrossRef Dovidio, J. F., Eller, A., & Hewstone, M. (2011). Improving intergroup relations through direct, extended and other forms of indirect contact. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14(2), 147–160.CrossRef
go back to reference Draaisma, D. (2009). Stereotypes of autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1475–1480.CrossRef Draaisma, D. (2009). Stereotypes of autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1522), 1475–1480.CrossRef
go back to reference Dubeck, L. W., Moshier, S. E., & Boss, J. E. (2006). Fantastic voyages: Learning science through science fiction films. Springer Science & Business Media. Dubeck, L. W., Moshier, S. E., & Boss, J. E. (2006). Fantastic voyages: Learning science through science fiction films. Springer Science & Business Media.
go back to reference Dunlosky, J., Hartwig, M. K., Rawson, K. A., & Lipko, A. R. (2011). Improving college students’ evaluation of text learning using idea-unit standards. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(3), 467–484.PubMedCrossRef Dunlosky, J., Hartwig, M. K., Rawson, K. A., & Lipko, A. R. (2011). Improving college students’ evaluation of text learning using idea-unit standards. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(3), 467–484.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Farrugia, D. (2009). Exploring stigma: Medical knowledge and the stigmatization of parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Sociology of Health & Illness, 31(7), 1011–1027.CrossRef Farrugia, D. (2009). Exploring stigma: Medical knowledge and the stigmatization of parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Sociology of Health & Illness, 31(7), 1011–1027.CrossRef
go back to reference Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160.PubMedCrossRef Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gerrig, R. J., & Prentice, D. A. (1991). The representation of fictional information. Psychological Science, 2(5), 336–340.CrossRef Gerrig, R. J., & Prentice, D. A. (1991). The representation of fictional information. Psychological Science, 2(5), 336–340.CrossRef
go back to reference Gillespie-Lynch, K., Brooks, P. J., Someki, F., Obeid, R., Shane-Simpson, C., Kapp, S. K., & Smith, D. S. (2015). Changing college students’ conceptions of autism: An online training to increase knowledge and decrease stigma. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(8), 2553–2566.PubMedCrossRef Gillespie-Lynch, K., Brooks, P. J., Someki, F., Obeid, R., Shane-Simpson, C., Kapp, S. K., & Smith, D. S. (2015). Changing college students’ conceptions of autism: An online training to increase knowledge and decrease stigma. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(8), 2553–2566.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Gray, D. E. (1993). Perceptions of stigma: The parents of autistic children. Sociology of Health & Illness, 15, 102–120.CrossRef Gray, D. E. (1993). Perceptions of stigma: The parents of autistic children. Sociology of Health & Illness, 15, 102–120.CrossRef
go back to reference Gray, D. E. (2002). Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed’: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(6), 734–749.CrossRef Gray, D. E. (2002). Everybody just freezes. Everybody is just embarrassed’: Felt and enacted stigma among parents of children with high functioning autism. Sociology of Health & Illness, 24(6), 734–749.CrossRef
go back to reference Green, M. C. (2004). Transportation into narrative worlds: The role of prior knowledge and perceived realism. Discourse Processes, 38(2), 247–266.CrossRef Green, M. C. (2004). Transportation into narrative worlds: The role of prior knowledge and perceived realism. Discourse Processes, 38(2), 247–266.CrossRef
go back to reference Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701.PubMedCrossRef Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Haddon, M. (2003). The curious incident of the dog in the nighttime. Brantford. Haddon, M. (2003). The curious incident of the dog in the nighttime. Brantford.
go back to reference Harrison, A. J., Bradshaw, L. P., Naqvi, N. C., Paff, M. L., & Campbell, J. M. (2017). Development and psychometric evaluation of the autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire (ASK-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3281–3295.PubMedCrossRef Harrison, A. J., Bradshaw, L. P., Naqvi, N. C., Paff, M. L., & Campbell, J. M. (2017). Development and psychometric evaluation of the autism stigma and knowledge questionnaire (ASK-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(10), 3281–3295.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoang, H. (2019). The kiss quotient. Allen & Unwin. Hoang, H. (2019). The kiss quotient. Allen & Unwin.
go back to reference Hoffner, C. A., & Cohen, E. L. (2012). Responses to obsessive compulsive disorder on Monk among series fans: Parasocial relations, presumed media influence, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 650–668.CrossRef Hoffner, C. A., & Cohen, E. L. (2012). Responses to obsessive compulsive disorder on Monk among series fans: Parasocial relations, presumed media influence, and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 650–668.CrossRef
go back to reference Holmes, S. (2014). Mental health matters: Addressing mental illness in young adult fiction. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 30(1), 14.CrossRef Holmes, S. (2014). Mental health matters: Addressing mental illness in young adult fiction. Language Arts Journal of Michigan, 30(1), 14.CrossRef
go back to reference Holton, A. E. (2013). What’s wrong with Max? Parenthood and the portrayal of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 37(1), 45–63.CrossRef Holton, A. E. (2013). What’s wrong with Max? Parenthood and the portrayal of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 37(1), 45–63.CrossRef
go back to reference Holton, A. E., Farrell, L. C., & Fudge, J. L. (2014). A threatening space?: Stigmatization and the framing of autism in the news. Communication Studies, 65(2), 189–207.CrossRef Holton, A. E., Farrell, L. C., & Fudge, J. L. (2014). A threatening space?: Stigmatization and the framing of autism in the news. Communication Studies, 65(2), 189–207.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, D. R., Huffman, B. L., & Jasper, D. M. (2014). Changing race boundary perception by reading narrative fiction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 36(1), 83–90.CrossRef Johnson, D. R., Huffman, B. L., & Jasper, D. M. (2014). Changing race boundary perception by reading narrative fiction. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 36(1), 83–90.CrossRef
go back to reference Joyce, N., & Harwood, J. (2014). Improving intergroup attitudes through televised vicarious intergroup contact: Social cognitive processing of ingroup and outgroup information. Communication Research, 41(5), 627–643.CrossRef Joyce, N., & Harwood, J. (2014). Improving intergroup attitudes through televised vicarious intergroup contact: Social cognitive processing of ingroup and outgroup information. Communication Research, 41(5), 627–643.CrossRef
go back to reference Kapp, S. K. (2018). Social support, well-being, and quality of life among individuals on the autism spectrum. Pediatrics, 141(4), S362–S368.PubMedCrossRef Kapp, S. K. (2018). Social support, well-being, and quality of life among individuals on the autism spectrum. Pediatrics, 141(4), S362–S368.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaufman, G. F., & Libby, L. K. (2012). Changing beliefs and behavior through experience-taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 1.PubMedCrossRef Kaufman, G. F., & Libby, L. K. (2012). Changing beliefs and behavior through experience-taking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(1), 1.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kennedy, N., Şenses, N., & Ayan, P. (2011). Grasping the social through movies. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–14.CrossRef Kennedy, N., Şenses, N., & Ayan, P. (2011). Grasping the social through movies. Teaching in Higher Education, 16(1), 1–14.CrossRef
go back to reference Kidd, D. C. (2015). The effects of reading literary and popular fiction on theory of mind. Available from APA PsycInfo. (1767656521; 2015-99240-555). Kidd, D. C. (2015). The effects of reading literary and popular fiction on theory of mind. Available from APA PsycInfo. (1767656521; 2015-99240-555).
go back to reference Krueger, J. (1996). Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 536.CrossRef Krueger, J. (1996). Personal beliefs and cultural stereotypes about racial characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 536.CrossRef
go back to reference LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., & Beam, M. A. (2009). The irony of satire: Political ideology and the motivation to see what you want to see in the colbert report. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 14(2), 212–231.CrossRef LaMarre, H. L., Landreville, K. D., & Beam, M. A. (2009). The irony of satire: Political ideology and the motivation to see what you want to see in the colbert report. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 14(2), 212–231.CrossRef
go back to reference Mar, R. A., & Oatley, K. (2008). The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(3), 173–192.PubMedCrossRef Mar, R. A., & Oatley, K. (2008). The function of fiction is the abstraction and simulation of social experience. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(3), 173–192.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Marsh, E. J., Butler, A. C., & Umanath, S. (2012). Using fictional sources in the classroom: Applications from cognitive psychology. Educational Psychology Review, 24(3), 449–469.CrossRef Marsh, E. J., Butler, A. C., & Umanath, S. (2012). Using fictional sources in the classroom: Applications from cognitive psychology. Educational Psychology Review, 24(3), 449–469.CrossRef
go back to reference Moyer-Gusé, E., & Dale, K. (2017). Narrative persuasion theories. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1–11. Moyer-Gusé, E., & Dale, K. (2017). Narrative persuasion theories. The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 1–11.
go back to reference Niemann, Y. F., Jennings, L., Rozelle, R. M., Baxter, J. C., & Sullivan, E. (1994). Use of free responses and cluster analysis to determine stereotypes of eight groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(4), 379–390.CrossRef Niemann, Y. F., Jennings, L., Rozelle, R. M., Baxter, J. C., & Sullivan, E. (1994). Use of free responses and cluster analysis to determine stereotypes of eight groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(4), 379–390.CrossRef
go back to reference Oatley, K. (2016). Fiction: Simulation of social worlds. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(8), 618–628.PubMedCrossRef Oatley, K. (2016). Fiction: Simulation of social worlds. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(8), 618–628.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Picoult, J. (2010). House Rules. Allen & Unwin. Picoult, J. (2010). House Rules. Allen & Unwin.
go back to reference Prater, M. A., & Dyches, T. T. (2008). Books that portray characters with disabilities: A top 25 list for children and young adults. Teaching Exceptional Children 40, no. 4 (2008): 32–38. Prater, M. A., & Dyches, T. T. (2008). Books that portray characters with disabilities: A top 25 list for children and young adults. Teaching Exceptional Children 40, no. 4 (2008): 32–38.
go back to reference Sahin, N., Sahin, N. H., & Turner, S. (1994). Stereotypes of suicide causes for three age/gender cohorts. International Journal of Psychology, 29(2), 213–232.CrossRef Sahin, N., Sahin, N. H., & Turner, S. (1994). Stereotypes of suicide causes for three age/gender cohorts. International Journal of Psychology, 29(2), 213–232.CrossRef
go back to reference Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The parasocial contact hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72(1), 92–115.CrossRef Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2005). The parasocial contact hypothesis. Communication Monographs, 72(1), 92–115.CrossRef
go back to reference Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2006). Can one tv show make a difference? A Will & Grace and the parasocial contact hypothesis. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(4), 15–37.PubMedCrossRef Schiappa, E., Gregg, P. B., & Hewes, D. E. (2006). Can one tv show make a difference? A Will & Grace and the parasocial contact hypothesis. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(4), 15–37.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Simsion, G. (2013). The Rosie project: A novel (1 vol.). Simon and Schuster. Simsion, G. (2013). The Rosie project: A novel (1 vol.). Simon and Schuster.
go back to reference Siperstein, G. N., Bak, J. J., & Gottlieb, J. (1977). Effects of group discussion on children’s attitudes toward handicapped peers. The Journal of Educational Research, 70(3), 131–134.CrossRef Siperstein, G. N., Bak, J. J., & Gottlieb, J. (1977). Effects of group discussion on children’s attitudes toward handicapped peers. The Journal of Educational Research, 70(3), 131–134.CrossRef
go back to reference Stephan, W. G., Ageyev, V. S., Stephan, C. W., Abalakina, M. A., Stefanenko, T., & Coates-Shrider, L. (1993). Measuring stereotypes: A comparison of methods using russian and american samples. Social Psychology Quarterly. Stephan, W. G., Ageyev, V. S., Stephan, C. W., Abalakina, M. A., Stefanenko, T., & Coates-Shrider, L. (1993). Measuring stereotypes: A comparison of methods using russian and american samples. Social Psychology Quarterly.
go back to reference Stern, S. C., & Barnes, J. L. (2019). Brief report: Does watching the good doctor affect knowledge of and attitudes toward Autism?. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1–8. Stern, S. C., & Barnes, J. L. (2019). Brief report: Does watching the good doctor affect knowledge of and attitudes toward Autism?. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1–8.
go back to reference Ventura, S., & Onsman, A. (2009). The use of popular movies during lectures to aid the teaching and learning of undergraduate pharmacology. Medical Teacher, 31, 662–664.PubMedCrossRef Ventura, S., & Onsman, A. (2009). The use of popular movies during lectures to aid the teaching and learning of undergraduate pharmacology. Medical Teacher, 31, 662–664.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Vezzali, L., Stathi, S., Giovannini, D., Capozza, D., & Trifiletti, E. (2015). The greatest magic of Harry Potter: Reducing prejudice. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(2), 105–121.CrossRef Vezzali, L., Stathi, S., Giovannini, D., Capozza, D., & Trifiletti, E. (2015). The greatest magic of Harry Potter: Reducing prejudice. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(2), 105–121.CrossRef
go back to reference Whitebourne, S. (2016). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. Mcgraw-Hill. Whitebourne, S. (2016). Abnormal psychology: Clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. Mcgraw-Hill.
Metagegevens
Titel
Using Popular Media to Change Attitudes and Bolster Knowledge About Autism Spectrum Disorder
Auteur
Stephanie C. Stern
Publicatiedatum
26-09-2023
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 11/2024
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-023-06120-5