Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2015 | Original Paper

Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Auteurs: Lindsay M. Oberman, Alexander Rotenberg, Alvaro Pascual-Leone

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 2/2015

Abstract

The clinical, social and financial burden of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is staggering. We urgently need valid and reliable biomarkers for diagnosis and effective treatments targeting the often debilitating symptoms. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is beginning to be used by a number of centers worldwide and may represent a novel technique with both diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Here we critically review the current scientific evidence for the use of TMS in ASD. Though preliminary data suggests promise, there is simply not enough evidence yet to conclusively support the clinical widespread use of TMS in ASD, neither diagnostically nor therapeutically. Carefully designed and properly controlled clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the true potential of TMS in ASD.

vorige artikel Attenuated Auditory Event-Related Potentials and Associations with Atypical Sensory Response Patterns in Children with Autism

volgende artikel Reduced Interhemispheric Connectivity in Childhood Autism Detected by Electroencephalographic Photic Driving Coherence

Akaneya, Y., Tsumoto, T., Kinoshita, S., & Hatanaka, H. (1997). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances long-term potentiation in rat visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 17(17), 6707–6716.PubMed

Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: The medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(4), 268–277.PubMed

Baio, J. (2012). Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveillance Summary, 61, 1–19.

Barker, A. T. (1999). The history and basic principles of magnetic nerve stimulation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement, 51, 3–21.PubMed

Barker, A. T., Jalinous, R., & Freeston, I. L. (1985). Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet, 1(8437), 1106–1107.PubMed

Baruth, J. M., Casanova, M. F., El-Baz, A., Horrell, T., Mathai, G., Sears, L., et al. (2010). Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates evoked-gamma frequency oscillations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of Neurotherapy, 14(3), 179–194.PubMedCentralPubMed

Baudouin, S. J., Gaudias, J., Gerharz, S., Hatstatt, L., Zhou, K., Punnakkal, P., et al. (2012). Shared synaptic pathophysiology in syndromic and nonsyndromic rodent models of autism. Science, 338(6103), 128–132.PubMed

Blatt, G. J., & Fatemi, S. H. (2011). Alterations in GABAergic biomarkers in the autism brain: Research findings and clinical implications. Anatomical Record (Hoboken), 294(10), 1646–1652.

Brasil-Neto, J. P., McShane, L. M., Fuhr, P., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1992). Topographic mapping of the human motor cortex with magnetic stimulation: Factors affecting accuracy and reproducibility. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 85(1), 9–16.PubMed

Cardenas-Morales, L., Nowak, D. A., Kammer, T., Wolf, R. C., & Schonfeldt-Lecuona, C. (2010). Mechanisms and applications of theta-burst rTMS on the human motor cortex. Brain Topography, 22(4), 294–306.PubMed

Casanova, M. F., Baruth, J. M., El-Baz, A., Tasman, A., Sears, L., & Sokhadze, E. (2012). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates event-related potential (ERP) indices of attention in autism. Translational Neuroscience, 3(2), 170–180.PubMedCentralPubMed

Casanova, M. F., Buxhoeveden, D. P., Switala, A. E., & Roy, E. (2002). Minicolumnar pathology in autism. Neurology, 58(3), 428–432.PubMed

Casanova, M. F., van Kooten, I. A., Switala, A. E., van Engeland, H., Heinsen, H., Steinbusch, H. W., et al. (2006). Minicolumnar abnormalities in autism. Acta Neuropathologica, 112(3), 287–303.PubMed

Chez, M. G., Chang, M., Krasne, V., Coughlan, C., Kominsky, M., & Schwartz, A. (2006). Frequency of epileptiform EEG abnormalities in a sequential screening of autistic patients with no known clinical epilepsy from 1996 to 2005. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8, 267–271.

Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative. (2012). Data resource center for child and adolescent health. http://www.childhealthdata.org/. Accessed June 9, 2013.

Classen, J., Wolters, A., Stefan, K., Wycislo, M., Sandbrink, F., Schmidt, A., et al. (2004). Paired associative stimulation. Supplements to Clinical Neurophysiology, 57, 563–569.PubMed

Claus, D., Weis, M., Jahnke, U., Plewe, A., & Brunholzl, C. (1992). Corticospinal conduction studied with magnetic double stimulation in the intact human. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 111(2), 180–188.

Cook, E. H., Jr. (2001). Genetics of autism. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10(2), 333–350.

Courchesne, E., Karns, C. M., Davis, H. R., Ziccardi, R., Carper, R. A., Tigue, Z. D., et al. (2001). Unusual brain growth patterns in early life in patients with autistic disorder: An MRI study. Neurology, 57(2), 245–254.PubMed

Dani, V. S., Chang, Q., Maffei, A., Turrigiano, G. G., Jaenisch, R., & Nelson, S. B. (2005). Reduced cortical activity due to a shift in the balance between excitation and inhibition in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U S A, 102(35), 12560–12565.

Dolen, G., & Bear, M. F. (2009). Fragile x syndrome and autism: From disease model to therapeutic targets. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1(2), 133–140.PubMedCentralPubMed

Durand, C. M., Betancur, C., Boeckers, T. M., Bockmann, J., Chaste, P., Fauchereau, F., et al. (2007). Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders. Nature Genetics, 39(1), 25–27.PubMedCentralPubMed

Enticott, P. G., Kennedy, H. A., Rinehart, N. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Tonge, B. J., Daskalakis, Z. J., et al. (2013a). Interpersonal motor resonance in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence against a global “mirror system” deficit. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 218–225.PubMedCentralPubMed

Enticott, P. G., Kennedy, H. A., Rinehart, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Bradshaw, J. L., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013b). GABAergic activity in autism spectrum disorders: An investigation of cortical inhibition via transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropharmacology, 68, 202–209.PubMed

Enticott, P. G., Kennedy, H. A., Rinehart, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Bradshaw, J. L., Taffe, J. R., et al. (2012a). Mirror neuron activity associated with social impairments but not age in autism spectrum disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 71(5), 427–433.PubMed

Enticott, P. G., Kennedy, H. A., Zangen, A., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2011). Deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation associated with improved social functioning in a young woman with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Electroconvulsive Therapy, 27(1), 41–43.PubMed

Enticott, P. G., Rinehart, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Bradshaw, J. L., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2010). A preliminary transcranial magnetic stimulation study of cortical inhibition and excitability in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 52, e179–e183.PubMed

Enticott, P. G., Rinehart, N. J., Tonge, B. J., Bradshaw, J. L., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2012b). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves movement-related cortical potentials in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Stimulation, 5(1), 30–37.PubMed

Fatemi, S. H., Folsom, T. D., Reutiman, T. J., & Thuras, P. D. (2009a). Expression of GABA(B) receptors is altered in brains of subjects with autism. Cerebellum, 8(1), 64–69.PubMedCentralPubMed

Fatemi, S. H., Halt, A. R., Stary, J. M., Kanodia, R., Schulz, S. C., & Realmuto, G. R. (2002). Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 kDa proteins are reduced in autistic parietal and cerebellar cortices. Biological Psychiatry, 52(8), 805–810.PubMed

Fatemi, S. H., Reutiman, T. J., Folsom, T. D., Rooney, R. J., Patel, D. H., & Thuras, P. D. (2010). mRNA and protein levels for GABAAalpha4, alpha5, beta1 and GABABR1 receptors are altered in brains from subjects with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(6), 743–750.PubMedCentralPubMed

Fatemi, S. H., Reutiman, T. J., Folsom, T. D., & Thuras, P. D. (2009b). GABA(A) receptor downregulation in brains of subjects with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(2), 223–230.PubMedCentralPubMed

Fecteau, S., Agosta, S., Oberman, L., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2011). Brain stimulation over Broca’s area differentially modulates naming skills in neurotypical adults and individuals with Asperger’s syndrome. European Journal Neuroscience, 34(1), 158–164.

Fitzgerald, P. B., Fountain, S., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2006). A comprehensive review of the effects of rTMS on motor cortical excitability and inhibition. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117(12), 2584–2596.PubMed

Fitzgerald, P. B., Hoy, K., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Kulkarni, J. (2009). A randomized trial of the anti-depressant effects of low- and high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Depression and Anxiety, 26(3), 229–234.PubMed

Freitas, C., Mondragon-Llorca, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2011). Noninvasive brain stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review and perspectives for the future. Experimental Gerontology, 46(8), 611–627.PubMedCentralPubMed

Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (1999). Interacting minds–a biological basis. Science, 286(5445), 1692–1695.PubMed

Geschwind, D. H., & Levitt, P. (2007). Autism spectrum disorders: Developmental disconnection syndromes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 17(1), 103–111.PubMed

Gogolla, N., Leblanc, J. J., Quast, K. B., Sudhof, T. C., Fagiolini, M., & Hensch, T. K. (2009). Common circuit defect of excitatory-inhibitory balance in mouse models of autism. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1(2), 172–181.PubMedCentralPubMed

Grossheinrich, N., Rau, A., Pogarell, O., Hennig-Fast, K., Reinl, M., Karch, S., et al. (2009). Theta burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: Safety and impact on cognition, mood, and resting electroencephalogram. Biological Psychiatry, 65(9), 778–784.PubMed

Hampson, D. R., Gholizadeh, S., & Pacey, L. K. (2012). Pathways to drug development for autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 91(2), 189–200.PubMed

Hilgetag, C. C., Theoret, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2001). Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced ‘virtual lesions’ of human parietal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 4(9), 953–957.PubMed

Hoogendam, J. M., Ramakers, G. M., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2010). Physiology of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Brain Stimulation, 3(2), 95–118.PubMed

Huang, Y. Z., Chen, R. S., Rothwell, J. C., & Wen, H. Y. (2007). The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(5), 1028–1032.PubMed

Huang, Y. Z., Edwards, M. J., Rounis, E., Bhatia, K. P., & Rothwell, J. C. (2005). Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron, 45(2), 201–206.PubMed

Huber, K. M., Gallagher, S. M., Warren, S. T., & Bear, M. F. (2002). Altered synaptic plasticity in a mouse model of fragile × mental retardation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U S A, 99(11), 7746–7750.

Huber, K. M., Sawtell, N. B., & Bear, M. F. (1998). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor alters the synaptic modification threshold in visual cortex. Neuropharmacology, 37(4–5), 571–579.PubMed

Hussman, J. P. (2001). Suppressed GABAergic inhibition as a common factor in suspected etiologies of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(2), 247–248.PubMed

Huttenlocher, P. R. (2002). Neural plasticity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Isenberg, K., Downs, D., Pierce, K., Svarakic, D., Garcia, K., Jarvis, M., et al. (2005). Low frequency rTMS stimulation of the right frontal cortex is as effective as high frequency rTMS stimulation of the left frontal cortex for antidepressant-free, treatment-resistant depressed patients. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17(3), 153–159.PubMed

Jamain, S., Quach, H., Betancur, C., Rastam, M., Colineaux, C., Gillberg, I. C., et al. (2003). Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism. Nature Genetics, 34(1), 27–29.PubMedCentralPubMed

Jiang, B., Akaneya, Y., Ohshima, M., Ichisaka, S., Hata, Y., & Tsumoto, T. (2001). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in visual cortex in vivo in young rats, but not in the adult. European Journal of Neuroscience, 14(8), 1219–1228.PubMed

Jung, N., Janzarik, W., Delvendahl, I., Munchau, A., Biscaldi, M., Mainberger, F., et al. (2013). Impaired induction of long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in patients with high functioning autism and Asperger syndrome (HFA/AS). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 55(1), 83–89.PubMed

Kim, D. R., Pesiridou, A., & O’Reardon, J. P. (2009). Transcranial magnetic Stimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(6), 447–452.PubMed

Kimura, H., Kurimura, M., Kurokawa, K., Nagaoka, U., Arawaka, S., Wada, M., Kawanami, T., Kurita, K., & Kato, T. (2011). A comprehensive study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. ISRN Neurology, 845453.

Kobayashi, M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurology, 2(3), 145–156.

Korte, M., Carroll, P., Wolf, E., Brem, G., Thoenen, H., & Bonhoeffer, T. (1995). Hippocampal long-term potentiation is impaired in mice lacking brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science U S A, 92(19), 8856–8860.

Kosslyn, S. M., Pascual-Leone, A., Felician, O., Camposano, S., Keenan, J. P., Thompson, W. L., et al. (1999). The role of area 17 in visual imagery: Convergent evidence from PET and rTMS. Science, 284(5411), 167–170.PubMed

Kujirai, T., Caramia, M. D., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., Thompson, P. D., Ferbert, A., et al. (1993). Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. Journal of Physiology, 471, 501–519.PubMedCentralPubMed

Lamb, J. A., Moore, J., Bailey, A., & Monaco, A. P. (2000). Autism: Recent molecular genetic advances. Human Molecular Genetics, 9(6), 861–868.PubMed

Lee, J. C., Blumberger, D. M., Fitzgerald, P., Daskalakis, Z., & Levinson, A. (2012). The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: A review. Current Pharmacological Design, 18(36), 5846–5852.

Machado, S., Bittencourt, J., Minc, D., Portella, C. E., Velasques, B., Cunha, M., et al. (2008). Therapeutic applications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical neurorehabilitation. Functional Neurology, 23(3), 113–122.PubMed

Maeda, F., Keenan, J. P., Tormos, J. M., Topka, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111(5), 800–805.PubMed

Markram, H., Rinaldi, T., & Markram, K. (2007). The intense world syndrome—an alternative hypothesis for autism. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 1(1), 77–96.PubMedCentralPubMed

Minio-Paluello, I., Baron-Cohen, S., Avenanti, A., Walsh, V., & Aglioti, S. M. (2009). Absence of embodied empathy during pain observation in Asperger syndrome. Biological Psychiatry, 65(1), 55–62.PubMed

Mitchell, J. P., Cloutier, J., Banaji, M. R., & Macrae, C. N. (2006). Medial prefrontal dissociations during processing of trait diagnostic and nondiagnostic person information. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1(1), 49–55.PubMedCentralPubMed

Morrow, E. M., Yoo, S. Y., Flavell, S. W., Kim, T. K., Lin, Y., Hill, R. S., et al. (2008). Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry. Science, 321(5886), 218–223.PubMedCentralPubMed

Mostofsky, S. H., Powell, S. K., Simmonds, D. J., Goldberg, M. C., Caffo, B., & Pekar, J. J. (2009). Decreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance. Brain, 132(Pt 9), 2413–2425.PubMedCentralPubMed

Mottaghy, F. M., Doring, T., Muller-Gartner, H. W., Topper, R., & Krause, B. J. (2002). Bilateral parieto-frontal network for verbal working memory: An interference approach using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). European Journal of Neuroscience, 16(8), 1627–1632.PubMed

Nardone, R., Bergmann, J., Christova, M., Caleri, F., Tezzon, F., Ladurner, G., et al. (2012). Effect of transcranial brain stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer disease: A review. International Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 2012, 1–5.

Oberman, L. M. (2012). mGluR antagonists and GABA agonists as novel pharmacological agents for the treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 21(12), 1819–1825.PubMed

Oberman, L. M., Eldaief, M., Fecteau, S., Ifert-Miller, F., Tormos, J. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2012). Abnormal modulation of corticospinal excitability in adults with Asperger’s syndrome. European Journal of Neuroscience, 36(6), 2782–2788.PubMedCentralPubMed

Oberman, L. M., Ifert-Miller, F., Najib, U., Bashir, S., Woollacott, I., Gonzalez-Heydrich, J., et al. (2010). Transcranial magnetic stimulation provides means to assess cortical plasticity and excitability in humans with fragile x syndrome and autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, 2, 26.PubMedCentralPubMed

Oberman, L. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2008). Cortical plasticity: A proposed mechanism by which genomic factors lead to the behavioral and neurological phenotype of autism spectrum and psychotic spectrum disorders. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 241–320.

Oberman, L. M., & Ramachandran, V. S. (2007). The simulating social mind: The role of the mirror neuron system and simulation in the social and communicative deficits of autism spectrum disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 310–327.PubMed

Oberman, L. M., Rotenberg, A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (in press). Aberrant brain plasticity in autism spectrum disorders. In J. Tracy, B. Hampstead, & K. Sathian (Ed.), Plasticity of cognition in neurologic disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.

Pascual-Leone, A., Davey, N. J., Rothwell, J., Wasserman, E. M., & Puri, B. K. (2002). Handbook of transcranial magnetic stimulation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Pascual-Leone, A., Freitas, C., Oberman, L., Horvath, J. C., Halko, M., Eldaief, M., et al. (2011). Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI. Brain Topography, 24(3–4), 302–315.PubMedCentralPubMed

Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Sole, J., Wassermann, E. M., & Hallett, M. (1994). Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain, 117(Pt 4), 847–858.PubMed

Patterson, S. L., Abel, T., Deuel, T. A., Martin, K. C., Rose, J. C., & Kandel, E. R. (1996). Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice. Neuron, 16(6), 1137–1145.PubMed

Perry, E. K., Lee, M. L., Martin-Ruiz, C. M., Court, J. A., Volsen, S. G., Merrit, J., et al. (2001). Cholinergic activity in autism: Abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and basal forebrain. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(7), 1058–1066.PubMed

Persico, A. M., & Bourgeron, T. (2006). Searching for ways out of the autism maze: Genetic, epigenetic and environmental clues. Trends in Neuroscience, 29(7), 349–358.

Pizzarelli, R., & Cherubini, E. (2011). Alterations of GABAergic signaling in autism spectrum disorders. Neural Plasticity, 2011, 297153.PubMedCentralPubMed

Reichow, B. (2012). Overview of meta-analyses on early intensive behavioral intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(4), 512–520.PubMed

Rossi, S., Hallett, M., Rossini, P. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2009). Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clinical Neurophysiology, 120(12), 2008–2039.PubMedCentralPubMed

Rubenstein, J. L., & Merzenich, M. M. (2003). Model of autism: Increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 2(5), 255–267.PubMed

Rudiak, D., & Marg, E. (1994). Finding the depth of magnetic brain stimulation: A re-evaluation. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 93(5), 358–371.PubMed

Saxe, R., & Powell, L. J. (2006). It’s the thought that counts: Specific brain regions for one component of theory of mind. Psychological Science, 17(8), 692–699.PubMed

Schulz, R., Gerloff, C., & Hummel, F. C. (2013). Non-invasive brain stimulation in neurological diseases. Neuropharmacology, 64, 579–587.PubMed

Schutter, D. J. (2009). Antidepressant efficacy of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in double-blind sham-controlled designs: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 65–75.PubMed

Silvanto, J., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2008). State-dependency of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topography, 21(1), 1–10.PubMedCentralPubMed

Sokhadze, E. M., Baruth, J. M., Sears, L., Sokhadze, G. E., El-Baz, A. S., & Casanova, M. F. (2012). Prefrontal neuromodulation using rTMS improves error monitoring and correction function in autism. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 37(2), 91–102.PubMed

Sokhadze, E., Baruth, J., Tasman, A., Mansoor, M., Ramaswamy, R., Sears, L., et al. (2010). Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) affects event-related potential measures of novelty processing in autism. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 35(2), 147–161.PubMedCentralPubMed

Sokhadze, E. M., El-Baz, A., Baruth, J., Mathai, G., Sears, L., & Casanova, M. F. (2009). Effects of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on gamma frequency oscillations and event-related potentials during processing of illusory figures in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(4), 619–634.PubMed

Spence, S. J., & Schneider, M. T. (2009). The role of epilepsy and epileptiform EEGs in autism spectrum disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 599–606.PubMedCentralPubMed

Stefan, K., Kunesch, E., Cohen, L. G., Benecke, R., & Classen, J. (2000). Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation. Brain, 123(Pt 3), 572–584.PubMed

Stern, W. M., Tormos, J. M., Press, D. Z., Pearlman, C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Antidepressant effects of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 19(2), 179–186.

Sun, W., Mao, W., Meng, X., Wang, D., Qiao, L., Tao, W., et al. (2012). Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory partial epilepsy: A controlled clinical study. Epilepsia, 53(10), 1782–1789.PubMed

Theoret, H., Halligan, E., Kobayashi, M., Fregni, F., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2005). Impaired motor facilitation during action observation in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Current Biology, 15(3), R84–R85.PubMed

Thut, G., Ives, J. R., Kampmann, F., Pastor, M. A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2005). A new device and protocol for combining TMS and online recordings of EEG and evoked potentials. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 141(2), 207–217.PubMed

Tordjman, S., Drapier, D., Bonnot, O., Graignic, R., Fortes, S., Cohen, D., et al. (2007). Animal models relevant to schizophrenia and autism: Validity and limitations. Behavioral Genetics, 37(1), 61–78.

Valls-Sole, J., Pascual-Leone, A., Wassermann, E. M., & Hallett, M. (1992). Human motor evoked responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 85(6), 355–364.PubMed

Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Noninvasive human brain stimulation. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 9, 527–565.PubMed

Wassermann, E. M., & Zimmermann, T. (2012). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Therapeutic promises and scientific gaps. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 133(1), 98–107.

Williams, J. H., Waiter, G. D., Gilchrist, A., Perrett, D. I., Murray, A. D., & Whiten, A. (2006). Neural mechanisms of imitation and ‘mirror neuron’ functioning in autistic spectrum disorder. Neuropsychologia, 44(4), 610–621.PubMed

Yip, J., Soghomonian, J. J., & Blatt, G. J. (2007). Decreased GAD67 mRNA levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism: Pathophysiological implications. Acta Neuropathologica, 113(5), 559–568.PubMed

Yizhar, O., Fenno, L. E., Prigge, M., Schneider, F., Davidson, T. J., O’Shea, D. J., et al. (2011). Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature, 477(7363), 171–178.PubMedCentralPubMed

Ziemann, U. (1999). Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in the conventional paired TMS paradigm. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Supplement, 51, 127–136.PubMed

Ziemann, U. (2004). TMS induced plasticity in human cortex. Reviews in Neuroscience, 15(4), 253–266.

Titel: Use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Auteurs: Lindsay M. Oberman
Alexander Rotenberg
Alvaro Pascual-Leone
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1960-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 2/2015

Atypical Laterality of Resting Gamma Oscillations in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Neuromagnetic Oscillations Predict Evoked-Response Latency Delays and Core Language Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Electromyographic Responses to Emotional Facial Expressions in 6–7 Year Olds with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Resting and Task-Modulated High-Frequency Brain Rhythms Measured by Scalp Encephalography in Infants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

A Review of Cardiac Autonomic Measures: Considerations for Examination of Physiological Response in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The Costs and Benefits of Self-monitoring for Higher Functioning Children and Adolescents with Autism