Top

Mindfulness

Gepubliceerd in:

07-01-2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Usage Patterns of the Calm Meditation App Among People with Cardiovascular Disease

Auteurs: Christina M. Luberto, Jen Huberty, Megan Puzia, Ana-Maria Vranceanu

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 4/2021

Abstract

Objectives

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is highly comorbid with emotional disorders. Mindfulness meditation can improve health outcomes in people with CVD. Calm is the most popular smartphone meditation app, but the usage patterns among people with CVD have not been explored.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey study among N = 1512 Calm subscribers with CVD to explore user characteristics, usage patterns, and health changes, and compare the results among those with and without co-occurring anxiety or depression.

Results

Users were primarily white (83%), female (74%), and had relatively high income (45% with > $100,000/year). Most (67%) used Calm at least 5 ×/week and started using Calm to help with sleep (69%) and stress (67%). More users with anxiety or depression, compared to CVD-only, started Calm to help with stress (71% vs. 64%) and anxiety or depression (77% vs. 37%), and used components incorporating sounds and physical movements more often (all p’s < 0.05). Most participants reported changes in sleep, stress, and physical and mental health (60–79%), though changes were more prevalent among those with anxiety or depression (p’s < 0.001). More frequent Calm use was associated with greater health changes (p’s < 0.05).

Conclusions

Calm users with CVD use the app regularly to help with health promotion and, particularly those with anxiety or depression, perceive health changes from their Calm use. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy and optimal dose of Calm use for people with CVD.

vorige artikel Do Trainee Mindfulness Teachers Practice What They Teach? Motivation, Challenges, and Learning Gaps

volgende artikel From Mindfulness to Personal Recovery: the Mediating Roles of Self-Warmth, Psychological Flexibility, and Valued Living

Abbott, R. A., Whear, R., Rodgers, L. R., Bethel, A., Thompson Coon, J., Kuyken, W., Stein, K., & Dickens, C. (2014). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness based cognitive therapy in vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 76(5), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.02.012.CrossRefPubMed

Adams, Z. W., Sieverdes, J. C., Brunner-Jackson, B., Mueller, M., Chandler, J., Diaz, V., Patel, S., Sox, L. R., Wilder, S., & Treiber, F. A. (2018). Meditation smartphone application effects on prehypertensive adults’ blood pressure: dose-response feasibility trial. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 37(9), 850–860. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000584.CrossRef

Banerjee, M., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2017). A qualitative study with healthcare staff exploring the facilitators and barriers to engaging in a self-help mindfulness-based intervention. Mindfulness, 8, 1653–1664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0740-z.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., & Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: what the patterns tell us. American Journal of Public Health, 100(Suppl 1), S186–S196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Brondolo, E., Byer, K., Gianaros, P. J., Liu, C., Prather, A. A., Thomas, K., Woods-Giscombé, C. L., Beatty, L., DiSandro, P., & Keita, G. P. (2017). Stress and health disparities: contexts, mechanisms, and interventions among racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status populations. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/e500202018-001.

Crane, C., Crane, R. S., Eames, C., Fennell, M. J. V., Silverton, S., Williams, J. M. G., & Barnhofer, T. (2014). The effects of amount of home meditation practice in mindfulness based cognitive therapy on hazard of relapse to depression in the staying well after depression trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.015.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., Urbanowski, F., Harrington, A., Bonus, K., & Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3.CrossRefPubMed

Dickens, C., Cherrington, A., Adeyemi, I., Roughley, K., Bower, P., Garrett, C., Bundy, C., & Coventry, P. (2013). Characteristics of psychological interventions that improve depression in people with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-regression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 75(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31827ac009.CrossRefPubMed

Framke, E., Sørensen, J. K., Andersen, P. K., Svane-Petersen, A. C., Alexanderson, K., Bonde, J. P., Farrants, K., Flachs, E. M., Hanson, L. L. M., Nyberg, S. T., Villadsen, E., Kivimäki, M., Rugulies, R., & Madsen, I. E. H. (2020). Contribution of income and job strain to the association between education and cardiovascular disease in 1.6 million Danish employees. European Heart Journal, 41(11), 1164–1178. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz870.CrossRefPubMed

Gál, É., Ștefan, S., & Cristea, I. A. (2020). The efficacy of mindfulness meditation apps in enhancing users’ well-being and mental health related outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.134.

Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Davidson, R. J., Wampold, B. E., Kearney, D. J., & Simpson, T. J. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011.CrossRefPubMed

Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 37, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.006.CrossRefPubMed

Havranek, E. P., Mujahid, M. S., Barr, D. A., Blair, I. V., Cohen, M. S., Cruz-Flores, S., Davey-Smith, G., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Lauer, M. S., Lockwook, D. W., Rosal, M., & Yancy, C. W. (2015). Social determinants of risk and outcomes for cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 132(9), 873–898. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000228.CrossRefPubMed

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.

Huberty, J., Vranceanu, A.-M., Carney, C., Breus, M., Gordon, M., & Puzia, M. E. (2019). Characteristics and usage patterns among 12,151 paid subscribers of the Calm meditation app: cross-sectional survey. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 7(11), e15648. https://doi.org/10.2196/15648.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Huffman, J. C., Celano, C. M., Beach, S. R., Motiwala, S. R., & Januzzi, J. L. (2013). Depression and cardiac disease: epidemiology, mechanisms, and diagnosis. Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology, 695925. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/695925.

Jousilahti, P., Vartiainen, E., Tuomilehto, J., & Puska, P. (1999). Sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, and coronary heart disease: a prospective follow-up study of 14,786 middle-aged men and women in Finland. Circulation, 99(9), 1165–1172. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.99.9.1165.CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016.CrossRef

Kabat-Zinn, J. (2011). Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillful means, and the trouble with maps. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 281–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564844.CrossRef

Levine, G. N., Lange, R. A., Bairey-Merz, C. N., Davidson, R. J., Jamerson, K., Mehta, P. K., Michos, E. D., Norris, K., Ray, I. B., Saban, K. L., Shah, T., Stein, R., Smith, S. C., & American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing, and Council on Hypertension. (2017). Meditation and cardiovascular risk reduction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6(10), e00221. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.002218.CrossRef

Lichtman, J. H., Bigger Jr., J. T., Blumenthal, J. A., Frasure-Smith, N., Kaufmann, P. G., Lespérance, F., Mark, D. B., Sheps, D. S., Taylor, C. B., & Froelicher, E. S. (2008). Depression and coronary heart disease. Circulation, 118(17), 1768–1775. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.190769.CrossRefPubMed

Lichtman, J. H., Froelicher, E. S., Blumenthal, J. A., Carney, R. M., Doering, L. V., Frasure-Smith, N., Freedland, K. E., Jaffe, A. S., Leifheit-Limson, E. C., Sheps, D. S., Vaccarino, V., Wulsin, L., & American Heart Association Statistics Committee of the Council on Epidemiology and Prevention and the Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing. (2014). Depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 129(12), 1350–1369. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000019.CrossRefPubMed

Mani, M., Kavanagh, D. J., Hides, L., & Stoyanov, S. R. (2015). Review and evaluation of mindfulness-based iPhone apps. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 3(3), e82. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.4328.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Matsuda, R., Kohno, T., Kohsaka, S., Fukuoka, R., Maekawa, Y., Sano, M., Takatsuki, S., & Fukuda, K. (2017). The prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with depression and anxiety scores in patients admitted for cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional designed study. International Journal of Cardiology, 228, 977–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.091.CrossRefPubMed

McComb, J. J., Tacon, A., Randolph, P., & Caldera, Y. (2004). A pilot study to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based stress-reduction and relaxation program on levels of stress hormones, physical functioning, and submaximal exercise responses. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 10(5), 819–827. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2004.10.819.CrossRef

McPhillips, R., Salmon, P., Wells, A., & Fisher, P. (2019). Qualitative analysis of emotional distress in cardiac patients from the perspectives of cognitive behavioral and metacognitive theories: why might cognitive behavioral therapy have limited benefit, and might metacognitive therapy be more effective? Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2288. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02288.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mikolasek, M., Berg, J., Witt, C. M., & Barth, J. (2018). Effectiveness of mindfulness- and relaxation-based ehealth interventions for patients with medical conditions: a systematic review and synthesis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9679-7.CrossRefPubMed

Moynihan, J. A., Chapman, B. P., Klorman, R., Krasner, M. S., Duberstein, P. R., Brown, K. W., & Talbot, N. L. (2013). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for older adults: effects on executive function, frontal alpha asymmetry and immune function. Neuropsychobiology, 68(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1159/000350949.CrossRefPubMed

Olano, H. A., Kachan, D., Tannenbaum, S. L., Mehta, A., Annane, D., & Lee, D. J. (2015). Engagement in mindfulness practices by U.S. adults: sociodemographic barriers. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21(2), 100–102. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2014.0269.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Perneger, T. V. (1998). What’s wrong with Bonferroni adjustments. BMJ [British Medical Journal], 316(7139), 1236–1238. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7139.1236.CrossRef

Ruo, B., Rumsfeld, J. S., Hlatky, M. A., Liu, H., Browner, W. S., & Whooley, M. A. (2003). Depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life: the heart and soul study. JAMA, 290(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.2.215.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Spijkerman, M. P. J., Pots, W. T. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: a review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 102–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009.CrossRefPubMed

St-Onge, M.-P., Grandner, M. A., Brown, D., Conroy, M. B., Jean-Louis, G., Coons, M., & Bhatt, D. L. (2016). Sleep duration and quality: impact on lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 134(18), e367–e386. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000444.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Strohmaier, S. (2020). The relationship between doses of mindfulness-based programs and depression, anxiety, stress, and mindfulness: a dose-response meta-regression of randomized controlled trials. Mindfulness, 11(6), 1315–1335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01319-4.CrossRef

Swartz, J. R., Hariri, A. R., & Williamson, D. E. (2017). An epigenetic mechanism links socioeconomic status to changes in depression-related brain function in high-risk adolescents. Molecular Psychiatry, 22(2), 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2016.82.CrossRefPubMed

Treleaven, D. A. (2018). Trauma-sensitive mindfulness: practices for safe and transformative healing. W. W. Norton & Company.

Tzoulaki, I., Elliott, P., Kontis, V., & Ezzati, M. (2016). Worldwide exposures to cardiovascular risk factors and associated health effects: current knowledge and data gaps. Circulation, 133(23), 2314–2333. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.008718.CrossRefPubMed

Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., Djousse, L., Elkind, M. S. V., Ferguson, J. F., Fornage, M., Khan, S. S., Kissela, B. M., Knutson, K. L., Kwan, T. W., Lackland, D. T., et al. (2020). Heart disease and stroke statistics—2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 141(9), e139–e596. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757.CrossRefPubMed

Westfall, J. M., Mold, J., & Fagnan, L. (2007). Practice-based research—“Blue highways” on the NIH roadmap. JAMA, 297(4), 403–406. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.4.403.CrossRefPubMed

Whalley, B., Thompson, D. R., & Taylor, R. S. (2014). Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 21(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-012-9282-x.CrossRefPubMed

Younge, J. O., Gotink, R. A., Baena, C. P., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., & Hunink, M. M. (2015). Mind–body practices for patients with cardiac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 22(11), 1385–1398. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487314549927.CrossRefPubMed

Titel: Usage Patterns of the Calm Meditation App Among People with Cardiovascular Disease
Auteurs: Christina M. Luberto
Jen Huberty
Megan Puzia
Ana-Maria Vranceanu
Publicatiedatum: 07-01-2021
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01567-4

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 4/2021

Does Self-Compassion Moderate the Cross-Sectional Association Between Life Stress and Depressive Symptoms?

Using a False Memory Paradigm to Understand the Cognitive Effects of Meditation

From Mindfulness to Personal Recovery: the Mediating Roles of Self-Warmth, Psychological Flexibility, and Valued Living

Do Trainee Mindfulness Teachers Practice What They Teach? Motivation, Challenges, and Learning Gaps

A Systematic Review of Pain-Related Neural Processes in Expert and Novice Meditator

The Four Levels of Awakening