Introduction
Methods
Data sources
EQ-5D-5L face-to-face valuation study
EQ-5D-5L online valuation study
Analyses
Results
US EQ-5D-5L norms
Characteristic | US general population (n = 327,167,439) | Face-to-face sample (n = 1134) | Online sample (n = 2018) |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), n (%) | 46.9 (18.1) | 45.6 (15.5) | |
18–24 | 12.1% | 107 (9.4) | 133 (6.6) |
25–34 | 17.9% | 251 (22.1) | 494 (24.5) |
35–44 | 16.3% | 182 (16.0) | 385 (19.1) |
45–54 | 16.4% | 212 (18.7) | 330 (16.4) |
55–64 | 16.7% | 159 (14.0) | 386 (19.1) |
65–74 | 12.0% | 127 (11.2) | 252 (12.5) |
75+ | 6.1% | 96 (8.5) | 38 (1.9) |
Gender, n (%) | |||
Male | 48.3% | 564 (49.7) | 973 (48.2) |
Female | 51.4% | 565 (49.8) | 1041 (51.6) |
Gender, other | 0.3% | 5 (0.4) | 4 (0.20) |
Race, n (%) | |||
White | 65.5% | 685 (60.4) | 1570 (77.8) |
Black | 11.9% | 152 (13.4) | 258 (12.8) |
Hispanic ethnicity, n (%) | 15.0% | 208 (18.3) | 308 (15.3) |
Education level greater than secondary, n (%) | 58.9% | 732 (64.6) | 1316 (65.2) |
Child dependents (may choose more than 1) | |||
None | 71.2% | 916 (80.8) | 1377 (68.2) |
Child(ren), ≤ 5 years old | – | 68 (6.0) | 221 (11.0) |
Child(ren), 6 to 17 years old | – | 180 (15.9) | 536 (25.6) |
Primary health insurance | |||
None | 10.3% | 98 (8.6) | 211 (10.5) |
Public | 35.4% | 480 (42.3) | 734 (36.4) |
Private | 68.7% | 555 (49.1) | 1073 (53.2) |
Country of birth, United States | 983 (86.7) | 1903 (94.3) | |
History of illness, n (%) | |||
Hypertension | 32.0% | 270 (23.8) | 507 (25.1) |
Arthritis | 22.7% | 267 (23.5) | 445 (22.1) |
Diabetes | 9.4% | 111 (9.8) | 223 (11.1) |
Heart failure | 2.2% | 20 (1.8) | 28 (1.4) |
Stroke | 1.8–2.4% | 23 (2.0) | 39 (1.9) |
Bronchitis | 3.6% | 29 (2.6) | 50 (2.5) |
Asthma | 7.5% | 132 (11.6) | 195 (9.7) |
Depression | 25.7% | 295 (26.0) | 438 (21.7) |
Migraine | 16.0% | 164 (14.5) | 232 (11.5) |
Cancer | 5.9% | 65 (5.7) | 42 (2.1) |
None | – | 372 (32.8) | 692 (34.3) |
Health status, n (%) | |||
Excellent | 20.0% | 227 (20.0) | 245 (12.1) |
Very good | 33.6% | 421 (37.2) | 695 (34.4) |
Good | 31.2% | 332 (29.3) | 730 (36.2) |
Fair | 12.5% | 124 (10.9) | 290 (14.4) |
Poor | 2.7% | 29 (2.6) | 58 (2.9) |
EQ-5D-5L health state | N | % | EQ-5D-5L health state | N | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
11111 | 354 | 31.2 | 21122 | 10 | 0.9 |
11121 | 138 | 12.2 | 11133 | 8 | 0.7 |
11112 | 95 | 8.4 | 11213 | 7 | 0.6 |
11122 | 64 | 5.6 | 11222 | 7 | 0.6 |
21121 | 37 | 3.3 | 21211 | 7 | 0.6 |
21111 | 24 | 2.1 | 21233 | 7 | 0.6 |
11123 | 19 | 1.7 | 11132 | 6 | 0.5 |
11113 | 18 | 1.6 | 11223 | 6 | 0.5 |
21222 | 17 | 1.5 | 11232 | 6 | 0.5 |
11221 | 14 | 1.2 | 21132 | 6 | 0.5 |
11131 | 12 | 1.1 | 21223 | 6 | 0.5 |
21221 | 12 | 1.1 | 31121 | 6 | 0.5 |
21231 | 12 | 1.1 | 31131 | 6 | 0.5 |
11211 | 11 | 1 |
n | % | US EQ-5D-5L Utility | VAS | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Standard deviation | 95% CI | Median | P-value | Mean | Standard deviation | 95% CI | Median | P-value | |||
Overall | 1134 | 100 | 0.851 | 0.205 | (0.839,0.863) | 0.940 | 80.4 | 15.6 | (79.5, 81.3) | 85.0 | ||
Age | ||||||||||||
< 25 | 107 | 9.4 | 0.919 | 0.127 | (0.894, 0.943) | 0.943 | < 0.001 | 84.9 | 11.8 | (82.6, 87.1) | 90.0 | < 0.001 |
25–34 | 251 | 22.1 | 0.911 | 0.111 | (0.897, 0.925) | 0.940 | 84.4 | 10.4 | (83.1, 85.7) | 85.0 | ||
35–44 | 182 | 16.0 | 0.841 | 0.210 | (0.811, 0.872) | 0.932 | 78.1 | 15.4 | (75.9, 80.4) | 80.0 | ||
45–54 | 212 | 18.7 | 0.816 | 0.249 | (0.782, 0.85) | 0.904 | 75.9 | 18.6 | (73.4, 78.4) | 80.0 | ||
55–64 | 159 | 14.0 | 0.815 | 0.243 | (0.777, 0.853) | 0.940 | 78.8 | 18.8 | (75.9, 81.8) | 80.0 | ||
65–74 | 127 | 11.2 | 0.824 | 0.217 | (0.786, 0.862) | 0.904 | 80.7 | 15.1 | (78.1, 83.4) | 85.0 | ||
75+ | 96 | 8.5 | 0.811 | 0.218 | (0.767, 0.855) | 0.858 | 81.1 | 15.6 | (78, 84.3) | 85.0 | ||
Gender | ||||||||||||
Male | 564 | 50.0 | 0.847 | 0.219 | (0.829, 0.865) | 0.940 | 0.487 | 79.8 | 16.4 | (42.7, 91.3) | 82.5 | 0.148 |
Female | 565 | 50.0 | 0.856 | 0.191 | (0.840, 0.872) | 0.940 | 81.1 | 14.7 | (78.4, 81.1) | 85.0 | ||
Race category | ||||||||||||
White | 685 | 60.4 | 0.849 | 0.199 | (0.834, 0.864) | 0.940 | 0.550 | 81.0 | 14.5 | (79.9, 82.1) | 85.0 | 0.260 |
Black | 152 | 13.4 | 0.840 | 0.207 | (0.807, 0.873) | 0.902 | 79.4 | 16.2 | (76.8, 82) | 80.0 | ||
Other | 297 | 26.2 | 0.861 | 0.220 | (0.836, 0.886) | 0.940 | 79.5 | 17.7 | (77.4,81.5) | 85.0 | ||
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Hispanic | 208 | 18.3 | 0.843 | 0.226 | (0.812, 0.874) | 0.940 | 0.544 | 78.9 | 17.7 | (76.5, 81.3) | 82.5 | 0.136 |
Not Hispanic | 926 | 81.7 | 0.853 | 0.200 | (0.840, 0.866) | 0.940 | 80.7 | 15.1 | (79.7, 81.7) | 85.0 | ||
General health | ||||||||||||
Excellent | 227 | 20.0 | 0.951 | 0.096 | (0.939, 0.964) | 1.000 | < 0.001 | 91.7 | 9.3 | (90.4, 92.9) | 92.0 | < 0.001 |
Very good | 421 | 37.2 | 0.910 | 0.131 | (0.897, 0.922) | 0.940 | 85.0 | 8.6 | (84.2, 85.8) | 85.0 | ||
Good | 332 | 29.3 | 0.835 | 0.160 | (0.818, 0.852) | 0.883 | 76.5 | 13.0 | (75.1, 77.9) | 80.0 | ||
Fair | 124 | 10.9 | 0.632 | 0.262 | (0.585, 0.678) | 0.691 | 62.4 | 18.3 | (59.1, 65.6) | 60.0 | ||
Poor | 29 | 2.6 | 0.338 | 0.380 | (0.194, 0.483) | 0.385 | 46.3 | 21.0 | (38.4, 54.3) | 50.0 | ||
Regular prescription medications | ||||||||||||
0 | 461 | 40.7 | 0.910 | 0.154 | (0.896, 0.924) | 0.943 | < 0.001 | 84.6 | 12.5 | (83.5,85.7) | 90.0 | < 0.001 |
1 | 210 | 18.5 | 0.885 | 0.168 | (0.862, 0.908) | 0.940 | 82.4 | 14.3 | (80.4,84.3) | 85.0 | ||
2–4 | 286 | 25.2 | 0.830 | 0.192 | (0.808, 0.853) | 0.883 | 78.7 | 15.8 | (76.8,80.5) | 80.0 | ||
5 or more | 176 | 15.5 | 0.691 | 0.283 | (0.649, 0.733) | 0.777 | 69.7 | 18.7 | (66.9,72.5) | 70.0 | ||
Personal experience with serious illness | ||||||||||||
No | 665 | 58.6 | 0.903 | 0.143 | (0.892, 0.914) | 0.943 | < 0.001 | 84.0 | 12.5 | (83, 84.9) | 86.0 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 469 | 41.4 | 0.777 | 0.253 | (0.754, 0.800) | 0.847 | 75.3 | 18.1 | (73.6, 76.9) | 80.0 | ||
Family experience with serious illness | ||||||||||||
No | 177 | 15.6 | 0.888 | 0.175 | (0.862, 0.914) | 0.943 | 0.009 | 82.5 | 15.8 | (80.1, 84.8) | 86.0 | 0.054 |
Yes | 957 | 84.4 | 0.844 | 0.210 | (0.831, 0.858) | 0.932 | 80.0 | 15.6 | (79, 81) | 85.0 | ||
Experience caring for someone with serious illness | ||||||||||||
No | 498 | 43.9 | 0.878 | 0.178 | (0.862, 0.893) | 0.940 | < 0.001 | 81.8 | 15.2 | (80.5, 83.1) | 85.0 | 0.007 |
Yes | 636 | 56.1 | 0.830 | 0.222 | (0.813, 0.848) | 0.902 | 79.3 | 15.9 | (78, 80.5) | 80.0 | ||
Health condition | ||||||||||||
Arthritis | 267 | 23.6 | 0.712 | 0.266 | (0.680, 0.744) | 0.777 | 74.2 | 17.8 | (72.1, 76.4) | 80.0 | ||
Asthma | 132 | 11.7 | 0.771 | 0.252 | (0.728, 0.815) | 0.836 | 76.1 | 15.9 | (73.4, 78.9) | 80.0 | ||
Depression | 295 | 26.0 | 0.708 | 0.258 | (0.678, 0.738) | 0.780 | 71.6 | 17.3 | (69.6, 73.6) | 75.0 | ||
DM | 111 | 9.8 | 0.788 | 0.233 | (0.744, 0.832) | 0.872 | 74.1 | 17.8 | (70.8, 77.5) | 80.0 | ||
Hay fever | 136 | 12.0 | 0.785 | 0.249 | (0.743, 0.828) | 0.858 | 77.2 | 15.2 | (74.6, 79.8) | 80.0 | ||
Hypertension | 270 | 23.8 | 0.793 | 0.223 | (0.767, 0.820) | 0.844 | 75.9 | 17.5 | (73.8, 78.0) | 80.0 | ||
Migraine | 164 | 14.5 | 0.774 | 0.240 | (0.737, 0.811) | 0.845 | 75.7 | 17.4 | (73.0, 78.4) | 80.0 | ||
Sinusitis | 114 | 10.1 | 0.730 | 0.279 | (0.679, 0.782) | 0.817 | 74.2 | 17.3 | (71.0, 77.4) | 80.0 |
Total | Men | Women | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean | SD | 95% CI | Median | n | % | Mean | SD | 95% CI | Median | n | % | Mean | SD | 95% CI | Median | ||
US EQ-5D-5L utility | |||||||||||||||||||
Mobility | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 812 | 71.6 | 0.936 | 0.086 | (0.930, 0.942) | 0.943 | 404 | 71.6 | 0.934 | 0.092 | (0.925, 0.943) | 0.943 | 405 | 71.7 | 0.939 | 0.077 | (0.931, 0.946) | 0.943 | |
2 | 208 | 18.3 | 0.720 | 0.171 | (0.696, 0.743) | 0.749 | 99 | 17.6 | 0.736 | 0.176 | (0.701, 0.772) | 0.776 | 107 | 18.9 | 0.704 | 0.166 | (0.672, 0.735) | 0.738 | |
3 | 79 | 7.0 | 0.624 | 0.198 | (0.580, 0.668) | 0.670 | 37 | 6.6 | 0.609 | 0.229 | (0.532, 0.685) | 0.670 | 42 | 7.4 | 0.638 | 0.168 | (0.586, 0.690) | 0.670 | |
4 | 31 | 2.7 | 0.192 | 0.302 | (0.081, 0.302) | 0.224 | 20 | 3.5 | 0.229 | 0.289 | (0.093, 0.364) | 0.243 | 11 | 1.9 | 0.125 | 0.328 | (− 0.095, 0.345) | 0.198 | |
5 | 4 | 0.4 | 0.115 | 0.497 | (− 0.676, 0.905) | 0.215 | 4 | 0.7 | 0.115 | 0.497 | 0.676, 0.905) | 0.215 | |||||||
Self-care | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1060 | 93.5 | 0.885 | 0.144 | (0.876, 0.893) | 0.940 | 525 | 93.1 | 0.885 | 0.151 | (0.872, 0.898) | 0.940 | 530 | 93.8 | 0.886 | 0.137 | (0.874, 0.897) | 0.940 | |
2 | 42 | 3.7 | 0.518 | 0.187 | (0.460, 0.576) | 0.533 | 18 | 3.2 | 0.533 | 0.197 | (0.435, 0.631) | 0.549 | 24 | 4.2 | 0.507 | 0.182 | (0.430, 0.583) | 0.532 | |
3 | 25 | 2.2 | 0.264 | 0.299 | (0.140, 0.387) | 0.295 | 16 | 2.8 | 0.246 | 0.285 | (0.094, 0.398) | 0.209 | 9 | 1.6 | 0.295 | 0.337 | (0.036, 0.555) | 0.334 | |
4 | 5 | 0.4 | − 0.184 | 0.209 | (− 0.443, 0.075) | − 0.183 | 3 | 0.5 | − 0.096 | 0.202 | (− 0.599, 0.406) | 0.001 | 2 | 0.4 | − 0.315 | 0.187 | (− 1.992, 1.362) | − 0.315 | |
5 | 2 | 0.2 | − 0.017 | 0.756 | (− 6.808, 6.775) | − 0.017 | 2 | 0.4 | − 0.017 | 0.756 | (− 6.808, 6.775) | − 0.017 | |||||||
Usual activities | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 854 | 75.3 | 0.929 | 0.091 | (0.923, 0.935) | 0.943 | 436 | 77.3 | 0.926 | 0.095 | (0.917, 0.935) | 0.943 | 416 | 73.6 | 0.933 | 0.086 | (0.924, 0.941) | 0.943 | |
2 | 178 | 15.7 | 0.720 | 0.149 | (0.698, 0.742) | 0.738 | 77 | 13.7 | 0.707 | 0.169 | (0.668, 0.745) | 0.745 | 98 | 17.3 | 0.732 | 0.132 | (0.705, 0.758) | 0.738 | |
3 | 80 | 7.1 | 0.528 | 0.226 | (0.478, 0.578) | 0.582 | 40 | 7.1 | 0.486 | 0.258 | (0.403, 0.568) | 0.561 | 40 | 7.1 | 0.570 | 0.183 | (0.512, 0.628) | 0.582 | |
4 | 16 | 1.4 | 0.051 | 0.240 | (− 0.077, 0.179) | − 0.052 | 8 | 1.4 | 0.013 | 0.241 | (− 0.189, 0.214) | − 0.083 | 8 | 1.4 | 0.089 | 0.248 | (− 0.119, 0.296) | 0.040 | |
5 | 6 | 0.5 | 0.069 | 0.514 | (− 0.470, 0.608) | 0.113 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.041 | 0.655 | (− 1.586, 1.669) | − 0.070 | 3 | 0.5 | 0.097 | 0.477 | (− 1.088, 1.283) | 0.295 | |
Pain/discomfort | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 556 | 49.0 | 0.961 | 0.070 | (0.955, 0.967) | 1.000 | 272 | 48.2 | 0.962 | 0.071 | (0.953, 0.970) | 1.000 | 283 | 50.1 | 0.960 | 0.070 | (0.952, 0.968) | 1.000 | |
2 | 374 | 33.0 | 0.853 | 0.096 | (0.843, 0.863) | 0.883 | 188 | 33.3 | 0.854 | 0.098 | (0.840, 0.868) | 0.883 | 183 | 32.4 | 0.853 | 0.095 | (0.839, 0.867) | 0.883 | |
3 | 151 | 13.3 | 0.677 | 0.146 | (0.653, 0.700) | 0.705 | 72 | 12.8 | 0.695 | 0.157 | (0.658, 0.732) | 0.738 | 78 | 13.8 | 0.662 | 0.134 | (0.631, 0.692) | 0.683 | |
4 | 39 | 3.4 | 0.259 | 0.206 | (0.192, 0.325) | 0.282 | 24 | 4.3 | 0.234 | 0.230 | (0.137, 0.331) | 0.228 | 15 | 2.7 | 0.298 | 0.158 | (0.210, 0.386) | 0.336 | |
5 | 14 | 1.2 | − 0.019 | 0.302 | (− 0.193, 0.156) | − 0.070 | 8 | 1.4 | − 0.002 | 0.327 | (− 0.275, 0.272) | − 0.067 | 6 | 1.1 | − 0.041 | 0.294 | (− 0.349, 0.268) | − 0.103 | |
Anxiety/depression | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 699 | 61.6 | 0.926 | 0.117 | (0.918, 0.935) | 1.000 | 357 | 63.3 | 0.923 | 0.126 | (0.910, 0.936) | 1.000 | 342 | 60.5 | 0.929 | 0.108 | (0.918, 0.941) | 1.000 | |
2 | 272 | 24.0 | 0.820 | 0.177 | (0.799, 0.841) | 0.883 | 132 | 23.4 | 0.810 | 0.183 | (0.778, 0.841) | 0.883 | 137 | 24.2 | 0.829 | 0.173 | (0.800, 0.858) | 0.883 | |
3 | 131 | 11.6 | 0.649 | 0.222 | (0.611, 0.688) | 0.716 | 56 | 9.9 | 0.673 | 0.215 | (0.615, 0.730) | 0.735 | 74 | 13.1 | 0.630 | 0.228 | (0.577, 0.683) | 0.683 | |
4 | 24 | 2.1 | 0.331 | 0.356 | (0.181, 0.482) | 0.464 | 13 | 2.3 | 0.146 | 0.376 | (− 0.081, 0.373) | 0.158 | 10 | 1.8 | 0.552 | 0.165 | (0.434, 0.670) | 0.619 | |
5 | 8 | 0.7 | 0.213 | 0.371 | (− 0.097, 0.523) | 0.278 | 6 | 1.1 | 0.295 | 0.303 | (− 0.024, 0.613) | 0.313 | 2 | 0.4 | − 0.032 | 0.588 | (− 5.311, 5.248) | − 0.032 | |
Vas | |||||||||||||||||||
Mobility | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 812 | 71.6 | 84.7 | 11.2 | (83.9, 85.4) | 87.0 | 404 | 71.6 | 84.3 | 11.1 | (83.2, 85.4) | 85.0 | 405 | 71.7 | 85.2 | 11.1 | (84.1, 86.3) | 90.0 | |
2 | 208 | 18.3 | 74.6 | 16.6 | (72.3, 76.8) | 80.0 | 99 | 17.6 | 75.3 | 16.6 | (72.0, 78.6) | 80.0 | 107 | 18.9 | 74.1 | 16.7 | (70.9, 77.3) | 80.0 | |
3 | 79 | 7.0% | 67.7 | 16.8 | (63.9, 71.4) | 70.0 | 37 | 6.6 | 67.8 | 17.8 | (61.8, 73.7) | 70.0 | 42 | 7.4 | 67.6 | 16.1 | (62.6, 72.6) | 70.0 | |
4 | 31 | 2.7 | 41.7 | 21.1 | (34.0, 49.5) | 40.0 | 20 | 3.5 | 36.2 | 21.7 | (26.0, 46.4) | 40.0 | 11 | 1.9 | 51.8 | 16.5 | (40.8, 62.9) | 50.0 | |
5 | 4 | 0.4 | 64.3 | 12.0 | (45.1, 83.4) | 64.5 | 4 | 0.7 | 64.3 | 12.0 | (45.1, 83.4) | 64.5 | |||||||
Self-care | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1060 | 93.5 | 82.0 | 13.9 | (81.2, 82.8) | 85.0 | 525 | 93.1 | 81.6 | 14.2 | (80.3, 82.8) | 85.0 | 530 | 93.8 | 82.6 | 13.4 | (81.4, 83.7) | 85.0 | |
2 | 42 | 3.7 | 63.8 | 14.3 | (59.3, 68.2) | 60.0 | 18 | 3.2 | 67.7 | 13.0 | (61.2, 74.2) | 70.0 | 24 | 4.2 | 60.8 | 14.8 | (54.6, 67.1) | 60.0 | |
3 | 25 | 2.2 | 48.4 | 23.0 | (38.9, 57.9) | 49.0 | 16 | 2.8 | 44.9 | 24.8 | (31.7, 58.1) | 44.5 | 9 | 1.6 | 54.4 | 19.4 | (39.5, 69.4) | 60.0 | |
4 | 5 | 0.4 | 42.4 | 30.7 | (4.3, 80.5) | 50.0 | 3 | 0.5 | 34.0 | 40.0 | (− 65.2, 133.2) | 24.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 55.0 | 7.1 | (− 8.5, 118.5) | 55.0 | |
5 | 2 | 0.2 | 64.5 | 6.4 | (7.3, 121.7) | 64.5 | 2 | 0.4 | 64.5 | 6.4 | (7.3, 121.7) | 64.5 | |||||||
Usual activities | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 854 | 75.3 | 84.6 | 11.9 | (83.8, 85.4) | 88.5 | 436 | 77.3 | 83.9 | 12.3 | (82.7, 85.0) | 85.0 | 416 | 73.6 | 85.3 | 11.4 | (84.2, 86.4) | 90.0 | |
2 | 178 | 15.7 | 72.4 | 15.9 | (70.0, 74.7) | 75.0 | 77 | 13.7 | 71.0 | 16.8 | (67.2, 74.8) | 75.0 | 98 | 17.3 | 73.7 | 15.0 | (70.7, 76.7) | 77.5 | |
3 | 80 | 7.1 | 61.2 | 18.0 | (57.2, 65.2) | 60.0 | 40 | 7.1 | 60.1 | 20.4 | (53.5, 66.6) | 67.5 | 40 | 7.1 | 62.4 | 15.3 | (57.5, 67.3) | 60.0 | |
4 | 16 | 1.4 | 49.6 | 25.7 | (35.9, 63.3) | 50.0 | 8 | 1.4 | 47.5 | 33.3 | (19.7, 75.3) | 45.0 | 8 | 1.4 | 51.8 | 17.2 | (37.4, 66.1) | 55.0 | |
5 | 6 | 0.5 | 59.8 | 21.8 | (36.9, 82.7) | 69.5 | 3 | 0.5 | 56.3 | 31.9 | (− 23.0, 135.7) | 69.0 | 3 | 0.5 | 63.3 | 11.5 | (34.6, 92.0) | 70.0 | |
Pain/discomfort | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 556 | 49.0 | 86.1 | 11.4 | (85.2, 87.1) | 90.0 | 272 | 48.2 | 85.2 | 11.9 | (83.8, 86.6) | 90.0 | 283 | 50.1 | 87.0 | 10.8 | (85.8, 88.3) | 90.0 | |
2 | 374 | 33.0% | 80.1 | 13.6 | (78.8, 81.5) | 80.0 | 188 | 33.3 | 80.7 | 13.7 | (78.7, 82.7) | 80.0 | 183 | 32.4 | 79.8 | 13.4 | (77.8, 81.7) | 80.0 | |
3 | 151 | 13.3 | 69.7 | 15.7 | (67.1, 72.2) | 70.0 | 72 | 12.8 | 70.1 | 15.8 | (66.4, 73.8) | 70.0 | 78 | 13.8 | 69.6 | 15.4 | (66.1, 73.1) | 70.0 | |
4 | 39 | 3.4 | 53.1 | 20.4 | (46.5, 59.7) | 60.0 | 24 | 4.3 | 51.3 | 24.2 | (41.1, 61.5) | 55.0 | 15 | 2.7 | 56.0 | 12.6 | (49.0, 63.0) | 60.0 | |
5 | 14 | 1.2 | 49.6 | 20.9 | (37.5, 61.6) | 50.0 | 8 | 1.4 | 46.1 | 23.7 | (26.3, 66.0) | 45.0 | 6 | 1.1 | 54.2 | 17.4 | (35.9, 72.5) | 55.0 | |
Anxiety/depression | |||||||||||||||||||
1 | 699 | 61.6 | 84.0 | 13.3 | (83.0, 85.0) | 90.0 | 357 | 63.3 | 83.2 | 14.2 | (81.7, 84.6) | 85.0 | 342 | 60.5 | 84.8 | 12.3 | (83.5, 86.1) | 90.0 | |
2 | 272 | 24.0 | 79.1 | 14.7 | (77.3, 80.9) | 80.0 | 132 | 23.4 | 78.6 | 14.6 | (76.1, 81.1) | 80.0 | 137 | 24.2 | 79.7 | 14.8 | (77.2, 82.2) | 85.0 | |
3 | 131 | 11.6 | 70.0 | 15.5 | (67.3, 72.7) | 70.0 | 56 | 9.9 | 71.0 | 15.3 | (66.9, 75.1) | 70.0 | 74 | 13.1 | 69.2 | 15.8 | (65.5, 72.8) | 70.0 | |
4 | 24 | 2.1 | 58.1 | 25.2 | (47.4, 68.7) | 60.0 | 13 | 2.3 | 51.5 | 28.3 | (34.4, 68.5) | 60.0 | 10 | 1.8 | 68.5 | 18.4 | (55.3, 81.7) | 70.0 | |
5 | 8 | 0.7 | 46.3 | 23.7 | (26.4, 66.1) | 42.5 | 6 | 1.1 | 45.8 | 28.0 | (16.4, 75.2) | 40.0 | 2 | 0.4 | 47.5 | 3.5 | (15.7, 79.3) | 47.5 |
Men | Women | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | Mean | Standard deviation | 95% CI | Median | n | % | Mean | Standard deviation | 95% CI | Median | |
EQ-5D-5L index | ||||||||||||
Overall | 564 | 50.0 | 0.847 | 0.219 | (0.829, 0.865) | 0.940 | 565 | 50.0 | 0.856 | 0.191 | (0.840, 0.872) | 0.940 |
Age | ||||||||||||
< 25 | 54 | 9.6 | 0.906 | 0.157 | (0.863, 0.949) | 0.943 | 53 | 9.4 | 0.931 | 0.085 | (0.908, 0.955) | 0.943 |
25–34 | 118 | 20.9 | 0.907 | 0.114 | (0.887, 0.928) | 0.940 | 130 | 23.0 | 0.916 | 0.107 | (0.897, 0.934) | 0.943 |
35–44 | 86 | 15.2 | 0.841 | 0.212 | (0.795, 0.886) | 0.903 | 95 | 16.8 | 0.845 | 0.209 | (0.803, 0.888) | 0.940 |
45–54 | 110 | 19.5 | 0.825 | 0.256 | (0.777, 0.873) | 0.940 | 102 | 18.1 | 0.807 | 0.241 | (0.759, 0.854) | 0.883 |
55–64 | 91 | 16.1 | 0.807 | 0.266 | (0.752, 0.863) | 0.904 | 67 | 11.9 | 0.827 | 0.211 | (0.776, 0.879) | 0.940 |
65–74 | 70 | 12.4 | 0.827 | 0.216 | (0.775, 0.878) | 0.889 | 57 | 10.1 | 0.821 | 0.221 | (0.762, 0.879) | 0.904 |
75+ | 35 | 6.2 | 0.786 | 0.272 | (0.693, 0.88) | 0.818 | 61 | 10.8 | 0.825 | 0.181 | (0.779, 0.872) | 0.878 |
General health | ||||||||||||
Excellent | 118 | 20.9 | 0.942 | 0.121 | (0.920, 0.964) | 1.000 | 109 | 19.3 | 0.961 | 0.057 | (0.950, 0.972) | 1.000 |
Very good | 208 | 36.9 | 0.902 | 0.155 | (0.881, 0.923) | 0.940 | 212 | 37.6 | 0.917 | 0.103 | (0.903, 0.931) | 0.940 |
Good | 161 | 28.5 | 0.842 | 0.164 | (0.816, 0.867) | 0.883 | 169 | 30.0 | 0.830 | 0.158 | (0.806, 0.854) | 0.878 |
Fair | 62 | 11.0 | 0.641 | 0.279 | (0.570, 0.712) | 0.718 | 61 | 10.8 | 0.623 | 0.247 | (0.560, 0.687) | 0.688 |
Poor | 15 | 2.7 | 0.258 | 0.344 | (0.068, 0.449) | 0.219 | 13 | 2.3 | 0.396 | 0.412 | (0.147, 0.645) | 0.526 |
EQ VAS | ||||||||||||
Overall | 564 | 50.0 | 79.8 | 16.4 | (78.4, 81.1) | 82.5 | 565 | 50.0 | 81.1 | 14.7 | (79.9, 82.3) | 85 |
Age | ||||||||||||
< 25 | 54 | 9.6 | 84.4 | 11.7 | (81.2, 87.5) | 85.0 | 53 | 9.4 | 85.4 | 11.9 | (82.2, 88.7) | 90 |
25–34 | 118 | 20.9 | 84.6 | 10.0 | (82.8, 86.4) | 85.0 | 130 | 23.0 | 84.4 | 10.6 | (82.6, 86.2) | 85 |
35–44 | 86 | 15.2 | 78.1 | 15.4 | (74.8, 81.4) | 80.0 | 95 | 16.8 | 78.6 | 15.0 | (75.5, 81.6) | 80 |
45–54 | 110 | 19.5 | 76.2 | 19.4 | (72.6, 79.9) | 80.0 | 102 | 18.1 | 75.6 | 17.7 | (72.1, 79.1) | 80 |
55–64 | 91 | 16.1 | 76.5 | 20.8 | (72.2, 80.8) | 80.0 | 67 | 11.9 | 82.0 | 15.5 | (78.2, 85.8) | 85 |
65–74 | 70 | 12.4 | 81.7 | 14.5 | (78.3, 85.2) | 85.0 | 57 | 10.1 | 79.6 | 15.8 | (75.4, 83.8) | 80 |
75+ | 35 | 6.2 | 76.2 | 18.1 | (70, 82.4) | 80.0 | 61 | 10.8 | 84.0 | 13.3 | (80.6, 87.4) | 90 |
General health | ||||||||||||
Excellent | 118 | 20.9 | 91.2 | 10.2 | (89.3, 93.0) | 92 | 109 | 19.3 | 92.2 | 8.2 | (90.6, 93.8) | 92 |
Very good | 208 | 36.9 | 84.6 | 9.2 | (83.4, 85.9) | 92 | 212 | 37.6 | 85.3 | 8.1 | (84.2, 86.4) | 85 |
Good | 161 | 28.5 | 75.8 | 12.3 | (73.9, 77.7) | 85 | 169 | 30.0 | 77.2 | 13.7 | (75.1, 79.3) | 80 |
Fair | 62 | 11.0 | 62.4 | 19.8 | (57.4, 67.4) | 80 | 61 | 10.8 | 62.8 | 16.7 | (58.5, 67.0) | 60 |
Poor | 15 | 2.7 | 36.9 | 19.7 | (26.0, 47.8) | 65 | 13 | 2.3 | 56.5 | 18.6 | (45.3, 67.8) | 50 |