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01-02-2014 | Original Paper | Uitgave 2/2014

Urbanicity and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Tijdschrift:: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders > Uitgave 2/2014

Auteurs:: Marlene B. Lauritsen, Aske Astrup, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Carsten Obel, Diana E. Schendel, Laura Schieve, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Erik T. Parner

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Abstract

The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is for the majority of cases unknown and more studies of risk factors are needed. Geographic variation in ASD occurrence has been observed, and urban residence has been suggested to serve as a proxy for etiologic and identification factors in ASD. We examined the association between urbanicity level and ASD at birth and during childhood. The study used a Danish register-based cohort of more than 800,000 children of which nearly 4,000 children were diagnosed with ASD. We found a dose–response association with greater level of urbanicity and risk of ASD. This association was found for residence at birth as well as residence during childhood. Further, we found an increased risk of ASD in children who moved to a higher level of urbanicity after birth. Also, earlier age of ASD diagnosis in urban areas was observed. While we could not directly examine the specific reasons behind these associations, our results demonstrating particularly strong associations between ASD diagnosis and post-birth migration suggest the influence of identification-related factors such as access to services might have a substantive role on the ASD differentials we observed.

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Titel: Urbanicity and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Auteurs:: Marlene B. Lauritsen
Aske Astrup
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
Carsten Obel
Diana E. Schendel
Laura Schieve
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp
Erik T. Parner
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1875-y
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Tijdschrift: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Uitgave 2/2014
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432

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