Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-06-2011 | Original Article

Understanding Anxiety Sensitivity in the Development of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms

Auteurs: Moon-Ho Ringo Ho, Randy P. Auerbach, Ho Li Jun, John R. Z. Abela, Xiongzhao Zhu, Shuqiao Yao

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2011

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to examine the symptom specificity of anxiety sensitivity as well as understand the role that neuroticism played in shaping anxiety sensitivity and subsequent symptomology in a sample of Chinese university students (n = 206). We utilized a 6 months multi-wave, longitudinal design, and results of idiographic, multilevel modeling indicated that higher levels of anxiety sensitivity predicted higher levels of anxious, but not depressive, symptoms. Further, results suggested that higher levels of anxiety sensitivity mediated the relationship between higher levels of neuroticism and anxious, but not depressive, symptoms. In contrast to past research, the present findings suggested that anxiety sensitivity differentially predicted anxious as opposed to depressive symptomology indicating model specificity.

vorige artikel Mastery Beliefs and Intraindividual Variability of Anxiety

volgende artikel Selective Attention and Health Anxiety: Ill-Health Stimuli are Distracting for Everyone

Effect size measure for mediation with both non-hierarchical and hierarchical data is an under-studied topic. One proposed measure to calculate effect size is using the ratio of indirect effect to the total effect (the sum of direct and indirect effect), which indicates the proportion of the total effect contributed by the mediator (see MacKinnon et al. 2007). The effect sizes for each of the mediation analyses are 0.38, 0.01 and 0.15 for anxiety-specific, depression-specific, and general distress symptoms, respectively. The mediation effect for anxiety-specific symptoms and general distress symptoms were found to be significant. At the same time, there is no established norm or consensus in interpreting the strength of effect size for mediation based on the formula mentioned above. However, in using Cohen's standards, the effect sizes of the mediation on anxiety-specific symptoms may be considered medium whereas general distress symptoms appear to be small.

Auerbach, R. P., Abela, J. R. Z., Zhu, X., & Yao, S. (2009a). Understanding the role of coping in the development of depressive symptoms: Symptom specificity, gender differences, and cross-cultural applicability. British Journal of Clinical Psychology (in press).

Auerbach, R. P., Eberhart, N. K., & Abela, J. R. Z. (2009b). Cognitive vulnerability to depression in Canadian and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology (in press).

Auerbach, R. P., McWhinnie, C. M., Goldfinger, M., Abela, J. R. Z., Zhu, X., & Yao, S. (2009c). The cost of materialism in a collectivistic culture: Predicting risky behavior engagement in Chinese adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (in press).

Avenevoli, S., Stolar, M., Li, J., Dierker, L., & Merikangas, K. R. (2001). Comorbidity of depression in children and adolescents: Models and evidence from a prospective high-risk study. Biological Psychiatry, 49, 1071–1081.PubMedCrossRef

Berlanga, C., Heinze, G., Torres, M., Apiquián, R., & Caballero, A. (1999). Personality and clinical predictors of recurrence of depression. Psychiatric Services, 50, 376–380.PubMed

Boyce, P., Parker, G., Barnett, B., Cooney, M., & Smith, F. (1991). Personality as a vulnerability factor to depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 106–114.PubMedCrossRef

Bull, R. H., & Strongman, K. T. (1971). Anxiety, neuroticism and extraversion. Psychological Reports, 29, 1101–1102.PubMed

Bystritsky, A., Stoessel, P., & Yager, J. (1993). Psychometric discrimination between anxiety and depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181, 265–267.PubMedCrossRef

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). NEO PI-R: Professional manual. Revised NEO personality inventory NEO PR-R and NEO five-factor inventory NEO-RRI. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Cox, B. J., Borger, S. C., Taylor, S., Fuentes, K., & Ross, L. M. (1999). Anxiety sensitivity and the five-factor model of personality. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 633–641.PubMedCrossRef

Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1997). Personality dimensions and depression: Review and commentary. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 274–284.

Fong, V. L. (2006). Coming of age under China’s one-child policy. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Gomez, R., & Francis, L. M. (2003). Generalised anxiety disorder: Relationships with Eysenck’s, Gray’s and Newman’s theories. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 3–17.CrossRef

Keogh, E., & Reidy, J. (2000). Exploring the factor structure of the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ). Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 106–125.PubMedCrossRef

Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M. (2005). Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Liu, X., Sun, L., Liu, L., Yang, J., Li, C., Zhao, G., et al. (1999). Self-reported depression and its correlates in adolescents from a disaster area. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7, 24–27.

MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593–614.PubMedCrossRef

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83–104.PubMedCrossRef

Maller, R. G., & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety sensitivity in 1984 and panic attacks in 1987. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 241–247.CrossRef

McWilliams, L. A., Becker, E. S., Margraf, J., Clara, I. P., & Vriends, N. (2007). Anxiety disorder specificity of anxiety sensitivity in a community sample of young women. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 345–354.CrossRef

Muris, P., de Jong, P. J., & Engelen, S. (2004). Relationships between neuroticism, attentional control, and anxiety disorders symptoms in non-clinical children. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 789–797.CrossRef

Muris, P., Schmidt, H., Merckelbach, H., & Schouten, E. (2001). Anxiety sensitivity in adolescents: Factor structure and relationships to trait and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 89–100.PubMedCrossRef

Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Fava, M., Uccello, R., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1995). Elevated anxiety sensitivity index scores in patients with major depression: Correlates and changes with antidepressant treatment. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 9, 117–123.CrossRef

Peterson, R. A., & Reiss, S. (1992). Anxiety sensitivity index manual (2nd ed.). Worthington, OH: International Diagnostic Systems Publishing Corporation.

Plehn, K., & Peterson, R. A. (2002). Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of the development of panic symptoms, panic attacks, and panic disorder: A prospective study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16, 455–474.PubMedCrossRef

Reidy, J., & Keogh, E. (1997). Testing the discriminant and convergent validity of the Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire using a British sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 23, 337–344.CrossRef

Reiss, S. (1991). Expectancy model of fear, anxiety, and panic. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 141–153.CrossRef

Richman, H., Sallee, F. R., & Folley, P. (1996). Personality differences between anxious and nonanxious children within a dimensional framework. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 149–162.CrossRef

Saklofske, D. F., Kelly, I. W., & Janzen, B. L. (1995). Neuroticism, depression, and depression proneness. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 27–31.CrossRef

Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Jackson, R. J. (1997). The role of anxiety sensitivity in the pathogenesis of panic: Prospective evaluation of spontaneous panic attacks during acute stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 355–364.PubMedCrossRef

Schmidt, N. B., Lerew, D. R., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (1998). Anxiety sensitivity and the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression: Evidence for symptom specificity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 165–177.PubMedCrossRef

Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: An integrative review. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 1, 125–144.PubMedCrossRef

Sexton, K. A., Norton, P. J., Walker, J. R., & Norton, G. R. (2003). Hierarchical model of generalized and specific vulnerabilities in anxiety. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 32, 82–94.PubMedCrossRef

Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290–312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Stewart, S. H., Knize, K., & Pihl, R. O. (1992). Anxiety sensitivity and dependency in clinical and non-clinical panickers and controls. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 119–131.CrossRef

Taylor, S. (1999). Anxiety sensitivity: Theory, research, and treatment of the fear of anxiety. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Taylor, S., Koch, W. J., & McNally, R. J. (1992). How does anxiety sensitivity vary across the anxiety disorders? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 249–259.CrossRef

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1991). The Mood and anxiety symptom questionnaire. Iowa City: University of Iowa.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995a). Testing a tripartite model: II. Exploring the symptom structure of anxiety and depression in student, adult, and patient samples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 15–25.PubMedCrossRef

Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995b). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 3–14.PubMedCrossRef

Watt, M. C., Stewart, S. H., & Cox, B. J. (1998). A retrospective study of learning history origins of anxiety sensitivity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 505–525.PubMedCrossRef

Weems, C. F., Hammond-Laurence, K., Silverman, W. K., & Ferguson, C. (1997). The relation between anxiety sensitivity and depression in children and adolescents referred for anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 961–966.PubMedCrossRef

Woodward, L. J., & Fergusson, D. M. (2001). Life course outcomes of young people with anxiety disorders in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 1086–1093.PubMedCrossRef

Yeh, C. J., & Inose, M. (2002). Difficulties and coping strategies of Chinese, Japanese and Korean immigrant students. Adolescence, 37, 69–82.PubMed

Yeh, C. J., & Wang, Y. W. (2000). Asian American coping attitudes, sources, and practice: Implications for indigenous counseling strategies. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 94–103.

Zhenghua, W. (2004). Minors suffer from anxiety, depression. China Daily.

Zvolensky, M. J., Arrindell, W. A., Taylor, S., Bouvard, M., Cox, B. J., Stewart, S. H., et al. (2003). Anxiety sensitivity in six countries. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 841–859.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Understanding Anxiety Sensitivity in the Development of Anxious and Depressive Symptoms
Auteurs: Moon-Ho Ringo Ho
Randy P. Auerbach
Ho Li Jun
John R. Z. Abela
Xiongzhao Zhu
Shuqiao Yao
Publicatiedatum: 01-06-2011
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2011
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9280-8

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2011

Selective Attention and Health Anxiety: Ill-Health Stimuli are Distracting for Everyone

Shared Variance Among Self-Report and Behavioral Measures of Distress Intolerance

Reappraisal and Rumination During Recall of a Sad Memory

Positive Affect Stimulation and Sustainment (PASS) Module for Depressed Mood: A Preliminary Investigation of Treatment-Related Effects

Anger, Aggression, and Irrational Beliefs in Adolescents

Rumination in Clinical Depression: A Type of Emotional Suppression?