Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2022

30-11-2021 | Empirical Research

Trajectories of Perceived Discrimination among Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Early Adolescents: Predictors and Outcomes

Auteurs: Juan Cao, Mingjun Xie, Danhua Lin

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2022

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Perceived discrimination is associated with poorer psychological adjustment and greater problem behaviors among rural-to-urban migrant adolescents. Yet, the predictors and the consequences of distinct changing patterns of perceived discrimination are less clear. The current study sought to identify distinct patterns of perceived discrimination trajectories and examine the developmental implications of these patterns among 385 Chinese rural-to-urban migrant early adolescents (Mage = 10.49, SDage = 0.69; 62% boys). Four distinct patterns of perceived discrimination trajectories, i.e., Low-stable (79.59%), Decreasing (9.08%), High-stable (6.11%), and Increasing (5.22%), were identified. Predictors including resilience, family support, peer support, and demographic characteristics (i.e., gender and school types) contributed to differences in pattern membership. Moreover, the Low-stable pattern exhibited more favorable distal outcomes (i.e., lower levels of social anxiety and loneliness and higher levels of self-esteem) than the other three patterns; the Decreasing group had lower levels of loneliness than the High-stable group. The findings extend the understanding of the predictors and consequences of perceived discrimination among rural-to-urban migrant early adolescents from a developmental perspective.
Literatuur
go back to reference Benner, A. D., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Boyle, A. E., Polk, R., & Cheng, Y. P. (2018). Racial/ethnic discrimination and well-being during adolescence: a meta-analytic review. American Psychologist, 73, 855–883.CrossRef Benner, A. D., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., Boyle, A. E., Polk, R., & Cheng, Y. P. (2018). Racial/ethnic discrimination and well-being during adolescence: a meta-analytic review. American Psychologist, 73, 855–883.CrossRef
go back to reference Berry, J. W. (2017). Theories and models of acculturation. In S. J. Schwartz & J. Unger (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Acculturation and Health (pp. 15–28). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Berry, J. W. (2017). Theories and models of acculturation. In S. J. Schwartz & J. Unger (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Acculturation and Health (pp. 15–28). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Delaruelle, K., Walsh, S. D., Dierckens, M., Deforche, B., Kern, M. R., Currie, C., Maldonado, C. M., Cosma, A., & Stevens, G. W. (2021). Mental Health in Adolescents with a Migration Background in 29 European Countries: The Buffering Role of Social Capital. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(5), 855–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01423-1.CrossRefPubMed Delaruelle, K., Walsh, S. D., Dierckens, M., Deforche, B., Kern, M. R., Currie, C., Maldonado, C. M., Cosma, A., & Stevens, G. W. (2021). Mental Health in Adolescents with a Migration Background in 29 European Countries: The Buffering Role of Social Capital. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50(5), 855–871. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10964-021-01423-1.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Fang, X., Fan, X., & Liu, Y. (2008). Perceived discrimination and loneliness: moderating effects of coping style among migrant children. Psychological Development and Education, 24(4), 93–99. Fang, X., Fan, X., & Liu, Y. (2008). Perceived discrimination and loneliness: moderating effects of coping style among migrant children. Psychological Development and Education, 24(4), 93–99.
go back to reference Gillmore, M. R., Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Day, L. E., Moore, M., & Abbott, R. (1991). Structure of problem behaviors in preadolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical psychology, 59(4), 499.CrossRef Gillmore, M. R., Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Day, L. E., Moore, M., & Abbott, R. (1991). Structure of problem behaviors in preadolescence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical psychology, 59(4), 499.CrossRef
go back to reference Guo, H., Chen, L., Ye, Z., Pan, J., & Lin, D. (2017). Characteristics of peer victimization and the bidirectional relationship between peer victimization and internalizing problems among rural-to-urban migrant children in China: a longitudinal study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 49(3), 336–348.CrossRef Guo, H., Chen, L., Ye, Z., Pan, J., & Lin, D. (2017). Characteristics of peer victimization and the bidirectional relationship between peer victimization and internalizing problems among rural-to-urban migrant children in China: a longitudinal study. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 49(3), 336–348.CrossRef
go back to reference Han, Y., Wen, H., Cheng, S., Zhang, C., & Li, X. (2020). Relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health of migrant children: a meta-analysis of Chinese students. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(11), 1313.CrossRef Han, Y., Wen, H., Cheng, S., Zhang, C., & Li, X. (2020). Relationship between perceived discrimination and mental health of migrant children: a meta-analysis of Chinese students. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 52(11), 1313.CrossRef
go back to reference Hart, A. (2021). Black Americans’ trajectories of perceived racial discrimination and self-esteem across the transition to adulthood [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia. Hart, A. (2021). Black Americans’ trajectories of perceived racial discrimination and self-esteem across the transition to adulthood [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Georgia.
go back to reference Heads, A. M., Glover, A. M., Castillo, L. G., Blozis, S., Kim, S. Y., & Ali, S. (2021). Perceived discrimination and risk behaviors in African American students: the potential moderating roles of emotion regulation and ethnic socialization. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(2), 494–506.CrossRef Heads, A. M., Glover, A. M., Castillo, L. G., Blozis, S., Kim, S. Y., & Ali, S. (2021). Perceived discrimination and risk behaviors in African American students: the potential moderating roles of emotion regulation and ethnic socialization. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 8(2), 494–506.CrossRef
go back to reference Hu, Y., & Gan, Y. (2008). Development and psychometric validity of the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 40(8), 902–912.CrossRef Hu, Y., & Gan, Y. (2008). Development and psychometric validity of the resilience scale for Chinese adolescents. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 40(8), 902–912.CrossRef
go back to reference Juang, L., Ittel, A., Hoferichter, F., & Miriam Gallarin, M. (2016). Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and adjustment among ethnically diverse college students: family and peer support as protective factors. Journal of College Student Development, 57, 380–394. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2016.0048.CrossRef Juang, L., Ittel, A., Hoferichter, F., & Miriam Gallarin, M. (2016). Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and adjustment among ethnically diverse college students: family and peer support as protective factors. Journal of College Student Development, 57, 380–394. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1353/​csd.​2016.​0048.CrossRef
go back to reference La Greca, A. M., Dandes, S. K., Wick, P., Shaw, K., & Stone, W. L. (1988). Development of the social anxiety scale for children: reliability and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17(1), 84–91.CrossRef La Greca, A. M., Dandes, S. K., Wick, P., Shaw, K., & Stone, W. L. (1988). Development of the social anxiety scale for children: reliability and concurrent validity. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17(1), 84–91.CrossRef
go back to reference Lee, D. B., Heinze, J. E., Neblett, E. W., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2018). Trajectories of racial discrimination that predict problematic alcohol use among African American emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 6(5), 347–357.CrossRef Lee, D. B., Heinze, J. E., Neblett, E. W., Caldwell, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2018). Trajectories of racial discrimination that predict problematic alcohol use among African American emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 6(5), 347–357.CrossRef
go back to reference Li, X., Zou, H., & Liu, Y. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of loneliness scale in Chinese middle school students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 731–733. 760. Li, X., Zou, H., & Liu, Y. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of loneliness scale in Chinese middle school students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 22, 731–733. 760.
go back to reference Lin, X., Fang, X., Liu, Y., & Lan, J. (2009). The effect mechanism of stigma perception on mental health among migrant children in Beijing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 41(10), 967.CrossRef Lin, X., Fang, X., Liu, Y., & Lan, J. (2009). The effect mechanism of stigma perception on mental health among migrant children in Beijing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 41(10), 967.CrossRef
go back to reference Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley.CrossRef Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical analysis with missing data. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Wiley.CrossRef
go back to reference Liu, X. (2008). The characters, predictors and effect mechanism of stigma perception among migrant children [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Beijing Normal University. Liu, X. (2008). The characters, predictors and effect mechanism of stigma perception among migrant children [Unpublished doctoral dissertation], Beijing Normal University.
go back to reference Liu, X., & Shen, J. (2010). Chinese migrant children’s perceived discrimination and its relation to self‐esteem. Journal of Psychological Science, 33, 693–697. Liu, X., & Shen, J. (2010). Chinese migrant children’s perceived discrimination and its relation to self‐esteem. Journal of Psychological Science, 33, 693–697.
go back to reference Lo, Y., Mendell, N., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88(3), 767–778.CrossRef Lo, Y., Mendell, N., & Rubin, D. B. (2001). Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88(3), 767–778.CrossRef
go back to reference March-Llanes, J., Marqués-Feixa, L., Mezquita, L., Fañanás, L., & Moya-Higueras, J. (2017). Stressful life events during adolescence and risk for externalizing and internalizing psychopathology: a meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(12), 1409–1422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0996-9.CrossRef March-Llanes, J., Marqués-Feixa, L., Mezquita, L., Fañanás, L., & Moya-Higueras, J. (2017). Stressful life events during adolescence and risk for externalizing and internalizing psychopathology: a meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(12), 1409–1422. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00787-017-0996-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide. 7th ed. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide. 7th ed. Los Angeles: Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRef Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1–12.CrossRef Rutter, M. (2006). Implications of resilience concepts for scientific understanding. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1094(1), 1–12.CrossRef
go back to reference Salgado, H., Haviland, I., Hernandez, M., Lozano, D., Osoria, R., Keyes, D., & Zúñiga, M. L. (2014). Perceived discrimination and religiosity as potential mediating factors between migration and depressive symptoms: a transnational study of an indigenous Mayan population. Journal of Immigrant and Minority health, 16(3), 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9944-z.CrossRefPubMed Salgado, H., Haviland, I., Hernandez, M., Lozano, D., Osoria, R., Keyes, D., & Zúñiga, M. L. (2014). Perceived discrimination and religiosity as potential mediating factors between migration and depressive symptoms: a transnational study of an indigenous Mayan population. Journal of Immigrant and Minority health, 16(3), 340–347. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10903-013-9944-z.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Ethnic-Racial identity: Conceptualization, development, and youth adjustment. In Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues: Third Edition (pp. 305–328). Taylor and Francis Inc. Umaña-Taylor, A. J. (2016). Ethnic-Racial identity: Conceptualization, development, and youth adjustment. In Child Psychology: A Handbook of Contemporary Issues: Third Edition (pp. 305–328). Taylor and Francis Inc.
go back to reference Wang, X., Wang, X., & Ma, H. (1999). Manual of Mental Health Rating scales. Chinese Mental Health Journal. Wang, X., Wang, X., & Ma, H. (1999). Manual of Mental Health Rating scales. Chinese Mental Health Journal.
go back to reference Wang, Z., Lin, X., & Li, Y. (2016). The relationship of resilience and cultural adaptation among migrant children: the mediation role of social identity. Psychological Development and Education, 32(6), 656–665. Wang, Z., Lin, X., & Li, Y. (2016). The relationship of resilience and cultural adaptation among migrant children: the mediation role of social identity. Psychological Development and Education, 32(6), 656–665.
go back to reference Wei, W. (2021). A Longitudinal Examination of Discrimination among Chinese American Youth: Predictors, Consequences, and Protective Factors [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Pennsylvania State University. Wei, W. (2021). A Longitudinal Examination of Discrimination among Chinese American Youth: Predictors, Consequences, and Protective Factors [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Pennsylvania State University.
go back to reference Wickrama, K., Lee, T. K., O’Neal, C. W., & Lorenz, F. (2016). Higher-order growth curves and mixture modeling with Mplus: A practical guide. Routledge. Wickrama, K., Lee, T. K., O’Neal, C. W., & Lorenz, F. (2016). Higher-order growth curves and mixture modeling with Mplus: A practical guide. Routledge.
go back to reference Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., Davis, B. A., & Vu, C. (2019). Understanding how discrimination can affect health. Health Services Research, 54, 1374–1388.CrossRef Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., Davis, B. A., & Vu, C. (2019). Understanding how discrimination can affect health. Health Services Research, 54, 1374–1388.CrossRef
go back to reference Xie, Y. (2015). Public school or non-public school? The effect the nature of schools for migrant children. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2, 154–162. Xie, Y. (2015). Public school or non-public school? The effect the nature of schools for migrant children. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2, 154–162.
go back to reference Yang, Y., & Wang, D. (2007). Retest of the bidimensional model of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, 21(9), 603–605. 609. Yang, Y., & Wang, D. (2007). Retest of the bidimensional model of Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Chinese Journal of Mental Health, 21(9), 603–605. 609.
go back to reference Yuan, X., Fang, X., Liu, Y., & Lin, X. (2012). The relationship between stress coping, depression and social anxiety among migrant children: a longitudinal study. Psychological Development and Education, 28(3), 283–291. Yuan, X., Fang, X., Liu, Y., & Lin, X. (2012). The relationship between stress coping, depression and social anxiety among migrant children: a longitudinal study. Psychological Development and Education, 28(3), 283–291.
go back to reference Zeng, S. (2011). The stress and social support of migrant children and the protective role of social support in the relation between stress and psychological adaptation. Journal of Psychological Science, 34(3), 631–635. Zeng, S. (2011). The stress and social support of migrant children and the protective role of social support in the relation between stress and psychological adaptation. Journal of Psychological Science, 34(3), 631–635.
go back to reference Zeng, T., Li, S., Yu, Y., & Wang, R. (2020). Family functioning as a mediator of the relationship between parent—child attachment and social adaptation among inner-city migrating children. Chinese Journal of Special Education, 3, 91–96. Zeng, T., Li, S., Yu, Y., & Wang, R. (2020). Family functioning as a mediator of the relationship between parent—child attachment and social adaptation among inner-city migrating children. Chinese Journal of Special Education, 3, 91–96.
go back to reference Zhang, D., & Luo, Y. (2016). Social exclusion and the hidden curriculum: the schooling experiences of Chinese rural migrant children in an urban public school. British Journal of Educational Studies, 64(2), 215–234.CrossRef Zhang, D., & Luo, Y. (2016). Social exclusion and the hidden curriculum: the schooling experiences of Chinese rural migrant children in an urban public school. British Journal of Educational Studies, 64(2), 215–234.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhang, G., Jiang, N., Liang, Z., & Deng, H. (2016). The relation between perceived discrimination and migrant children’s school adaptation: a longitudinal study. Psychological Development and Education, 32(5), 587–594. Zhang, G., Jiang, N., Liang, Z., & Deng, H. (2016). The relation between perceived discrimination and migrant children’s school adaptation: a longitudinal study. Psychological Development and Education, 32(5), 587–594.
go back to reference Zhang, J. (2018). Comparative study of life quality between migrant children and local students in small and medium-sized cities in China. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(6), 649–655.CrossRef Zhang, J. (2018). Comparative study of life quality between migrant children and local students in small and medium-sized cities in China. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(6), 649–655.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhang, J., Wu, Z., Fang, G., Li, J., Han, B., & Chen, Z. (2010). Development of the Chinese age norms of CES-D in urban area. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2, 65–69. Zhang, J., Wu, Z., Fang, G., Li, J., Han, B., & Chen, Z. (2010). Development of the Chinese age norms of CES-D in urban area. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2, 65–69.
go back to reference Zhang, Q., Qu, Z., & Zou, H. (2003). A survey on the development of Chinese migrant children–An interview report in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shaoxing and Xianyang. Youth Research, 9, 12–18. Zhang, Q., Qu, Z., & Zou, H. (2003). A survey on the development of Chinese migrant children–An interview report in Beijing, Shenzhen, Shaoxing and Xianyang. Youth Research, 9, 12–18.
go back to reference Zhao, Y. (2004). Primary development of social anxiety disorder scale for Chinese people and its reliability and validity testing. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 8(36), 8153–8153. Zhao, Y. (2004). Primary development of social anxiety disorder scale for Chinese people and its reliability and validity testing. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 8(36), 8153–8153.
go back to reference Zhou, S., & Cheung, M. (2017). Hukou system effects on migrant children’s education in China: learning from past disparities. International Social Work, 60(6), 1327–1342.CrossRef Zhou, S., & Cheung, M. (2017). Hukou system effects on migrant children’s education in China: learning from past disparities. International Social Work, 60(6), 1327–1342.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhu, Q., Guo, H. Y., Pan, J., & Lin, D. H. (2015). Perceived discrimination and problem behaviors among rural-to-urban migrant children: the moderating role of resilience. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(3), 529–533. Zhu, Q., Guo, H. Y., Pan, J., & Lin, D. H. (2015). Perceived discrimination and problem behaviors among rural-to-urban migrant children: the moderating role of resilience. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(3), 529–533.
Metagegevens
Titel
Trajectories of Perceived Discrimination among Chinese Rural-to-Urban Migrant Early Adolescents: Predictors and Outcomes
Auteurs
Juan Cao
Mingjun Xie
Danhua Lin
Publicatiedatum
30-11-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2022
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01546-5

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2022

Journal of Youth and Adolescence 5/2022 Naar de uitgave