Introduction
Methods
Sample
Assessment
Analysis
Association Between Symptoms and Other Outcomes
Ethical Approval
Results
Reporting source | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent | Youth | |||||
Baseline | 12 months | 24 months | 36 months | Baseline | 36 months | |
Distress | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.81 |
Impairment at home | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.84 |
Impairment with friends | 0.83 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.67 | 0.64 |
Impairment in class | 0.71 | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.66 | 0.67 |
Impairment in leisure activities | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.79 | 0.58 | 0.56 |
CFI | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.98 |
TLI | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.97 |
RMSEA | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
SRMR | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
Baseline impact score | 12 month impact score | 24 month impact score | 36 month impact score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parent r 95 % CI n
| Teacher r 95 % CI n
| Youth r 95 % CI n
| Parent r 95 % CI n
| Parent r 95 % CI n
| Parent r 95 % CI n
| Teacher r 95 % CI n
| ||
Baseline impact score | Parent | |||||||
Teacher |
0.47
| |||||||
0.41, 0.53 | ||||||||
3492 | ||||||||
Youth |
0.38
|
0.34
| ||||||
0.30, 0.47 | 0.23, 0.44 | |||||||
1986 | 1502 | |||||||
12 month impact score | Parent |
0.50
|
0.38
|
0.39
| ||||
0.45, 0.55 | 0.32, 0.45 | 0.30, 0.49 | ||||||
4478 | 3493 | 1986 | ||||||
24 month impact score | Parent |
0.31
|
0.28
|
0.26
|
0.52
| |||
0.28, 0.35 | 0.22, 0.35 | 0.17, 0.36 | 0.47, 0.58 | |||||
4478 | 3493 | 1986 | 4479 | |||||
36 month impact score | Parent |
0.38
|
0.39
|
0.30
|
0.48
|
0.47
| ||
0.34, 0.41 | 0.32, 0.45 | 0.20, 0.41 | 0.44, 0.52 | 0.44, 0.51 | ||||
4450 | 3469 | 1502 | 4451 | 4451 | ||||
Teacher |
0.19
|
0.43
|
0.23
|
0.20
|
0.22
|
0.36
| ||
0.14, 0.24 | 0.35, 0.51 | 0.06, 0.39 | 0.15, 0.25 | 0.17, 0.27 | 0.29, 0.42 | |||
2670 | 2130 | 936 | 2671 | 2671 | 2666 | |||
Youth |
0.14
|
0.14
|
0.22
|
0.18
|
0.18
|
0.38
|
0.35
| |
0.09, 0.19 | 0.07, 0.21 | 0.13, 0.31 | 0.12, 0.24 | 0.12, 0.23 | 0.30, 0.45 | 0.33, 0.37 | ||
2915 | 2245 | 1712 | 2915 | 2915 | 2887 | 1673 |
Reporting source | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Parent OR 95 % CI | Teacher OR 95 % CI | Youth OR 95 % CI | |
Outcome: service contact | Impact only |
2.63
|
2.14
|
1.73
|
2.35, 2.93 | 1.89, 2.42 | 1.50, 1.99 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score |
1.76
|
1.74
|
1.37
| |
1.12, 1.52 | 1.39, 2.18 | 1.25, 1.60 | ||
Outcome: self harm | Impact only |
1.65
|
1.39
|
1.41
|
1.49, 1.82 | 1.21, 1.60 | 1.25, 1.60 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score |
1.31
| 1.06ns
| 1.14ns
| |
1.12, 1.52 | 0.85, 1.32 | 0.99, 1.31 | ||
Outcome: truancy | Impact only |
1.70
|
1.76
|
1.45
|
1.52, 1.90 | 1.54, 2.02 | 1.27, 1.66 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score |
1.35
| 1.20ns
| 1.16 ns
| |
1.13, 1.61 | 0.95, 1.53 | 0.99, 1.36 | ||
Outcome: police contact | Impact only |
1.56
|
1.55
|
1.46
|
1.40, 1.74 | 1.33, 1.79 | 1.28, 1.65 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score | 1.10ns
| 0.97ns
|
1.23
| |
0.93, 1.31 | 0.76, 1.24 | 1.07, 1.43 |
Reporting source | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Parent OR 95 % CI | Teacher OR 95 % CI | Youth OR 95 % CI | |
Outcome: service contact | Impact only |
1.56
|
1.69
| 1.10 ns
|
1.40, 1.74 | 1.49, 1.91 | 0.87, 1.41 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score |
1.19
|
1.36
| 0.92 ns
| |
1.01, 1.41 | 1.09, 1.70 | 0.70, 1.23 | ||
Outcome: self harm | Impact only |
1.39
|
1.46
|
1.24
|
1.26, 1.55 | 1.30, 1.64 | 1.08, 1.43 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score |
1.24
|
1.37
| 1.08ns
| |
1.07, 1.44 | 1.12, 1.67 | 0.92, 1.28 | ||
Outcome: truancy | Impact only |
1.42
|
1.50
| 1.20 ns
|
1.19, 1.71 | 1.20, 1.87 | 0.94, 1.53 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score | 0.93 ns
| 0.88ns
| 0.95 ns
| |
0.70, 1.24 | 0.61, 1.27 | 0.70, 1.29 | ||
Outcome: police contact | Impact only |
1.28
|
1.44
|
1.46
|
1.15, 1.44 | 1.27, 1.63 | 1.28, 1.65 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline total SDQ score | 1.01ns
| 1.16ns
| 1.12 ns
| |
0.86, 1.19 | 0.94, 1.42 | 0.96, 1.31 |
Impact score at baseline | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reporting source at baseline | ||||||
Predictor variables | Parent β 95 % CI R
2
| Teacher β 95 % CI R
2
| Youth β 95 % CI R
2
| |||
Outcome: SDQ score at 36 months follow-up | Reporting source at outcome | Parent | Impact score only |
0.34
|
0.41
|
0.32
|
0.31, 0.36 | 0.37, 0.46 | 0.25, 0.40 | ||||
R
2 = 0.21 |
R
2 = 0.13 |
R
2 = 0.08 | ||||
Impact score adjusted for baseline SDQ score |
0.04
|
0.11
|
0.13
| |||
0.01, 0.07 | 0.07, 0.15 | 0.07, 0.19 | ||||
R
2 = 0.48 |
R
2 = 0.48 |
R
2 = 0.22 | ||||
Teacher | Impact score only |
0.22
|
0.45
|
0.31
| ||
0.19, 0.26 | 0.40, 0.51 | 0.19, 0.44 | ||||
R
2 = 0.09 |
R
2 = 0.16 |
R
2 = 0.07 | ||||
Impact score adjusted for baseline SDQ score |
0.09
|
0.14
|
0.17
| |||
0.06, 0.13 | 0.06, 0.23 | 0.05, 0.29 | ||||
R
2 = 0.25 |
R
2 = 0.23 |
R
2 = 0.18 | ||||
Youth | Impact score only |
0.19
|
0.24
|
0.29
| ||
0.16, 0.21 | 0.18, 0.29 | 0.22, 0.35 | ||||
R
2 = 0.07 |
R
2 = 0.04 |
R
2 = 0.06 | ||||
Impact score adjusted for baseline SDQ score |
0.04
|
0.16
| 0.023ns
| |||
0.02, 0.07 | 0.11, 0.22 | 0.04, 0.08 | ||||
R
2 = 0.31 |
R
2 = 0.08 |
R
2 = 0.30 |
SDQ symptom score at baseline | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reporting source at baseline | ||||||
Predictor variables | Parent β 95 % CI R
2
| Teacher β 95 % CI R
2
| Youth β 95 % CI R
2
| |||
Outcome: impact at 36 months follow-up | Reporting source at outcome | Parent | SDQ score only |
0.08
|
0.05
|
0.05
|
0.07, 0.08 | 0.04, 0.06 | 0.04, 0.06 | ||||
R
2 = 0.18 |
R
2 = 0.09 |
R
2 = 0.07 | ||||
SDQ score adjusted for baseline impact |
0.03
|
0.02
|
0.02
| |||
0.02, 0.04 | 0.01, 0.03 | 0.01, 0.03 | ||||
R
2 = 0.28 |
R
2 = 0.28 |
R
2 = 0.27 | ||||
Teacher | SDQ score only |
0.06
|
0.07
|
0.04
| ||
0.05, 0.06 | 0.06, 0.08 | 0.03, 0.06 | ||||
R
2 = 0.09 |
R
2 = 0.14 |
R
2 = 0.05 | ||||
SDQ score adjusted for baseline impact |
0.03
|
0.04
|
0.03
| |||
0.02, 0.04 | 0.03, 0.06 | 0.02, 0.04 | ||||
R
2 = 0.17 |
R
2 = 0.17 |
R
2 = 0.16 | ||||
Youth | SDQ score only |
0.04
|
0.03
|
0.04
| ||
0.03, 0.04 | 0.02, 0.03 | 0.03, 0.06 | ||||
R
2 = 0.04 |
R
2 = 0.02 |
R
2 = 0.05 | ||||
SDQ score adjusted for baseline impact |
0.03
|
0.02
|
0.04
| |||
0.02, 0.03 | 0.01, 0.03 | 0.03, 0.05 | ||||
R
2 = 0.06 |
R
2 = 0.05 |
R
2 = 0.06 |
Reporting source | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Predictors | Parent OR 95 % CI | Teacher OR 95 % CI | Youth OR 95 % CI | |
Outcome: any disorder | Impact only |
2.36
|
2.01
|
1.55
|
2.16, 2.58 | 1.83, 2.20 | 1.39, 1.74 | ||
Impact adjusted for any disorder at baseline |
1.67
|
1.36
|
1.22
| |
1.51, 1.86 | 1.20, 1.52 | 1.07, 1.40 | ||
Outcome: emotional disorders | Impact only |
1.68
|
1.52
|
1.46
|
1.53, 1.85 | 1.35, 1.72 | 1.28, 1.65 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline emotional disorders |
1.44
|
1.24
|
1.24
| |
1.29, 1.61 | 1.08, 1.43 | 1.07, 1.45 | ||
Outcome: externalizing disorders | Impact only |
2.25
|
2.03
|
1.46
|
2.05, 2.46 | 1.83, 2.26 | 1.27, 1.68 | ||
Impact adjusted for baseline externalizing disorders |
1.55
|
1.28
| 1.15 ns
| |
1.37, 1.75 | 1.10, 1.50 | 0.95, 1.40 |