Skip to main content
Mijn bibliotheek
Shop
Nieuws Boeken Tijdschriften E-learning Web-tv Video Audio
Tips voor Mijn BSL
UITGEBREID ZOEKEN
Inloggen
Top
Child Psychiatry & Human Development
Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development 6/2016

21-01-2016 | Original Article

The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Properties Among a School Sample of Portuguese Youths

Auteurs: Pedro Pechorro, Lara Ayala-Nunes, Cristina Nunes, João Marôco, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves

Gepubliceerd in: Child Psychiatry & Human Development | Uitgave 6/2016

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail
    Link delen
publish
Publiceer nu

Abstract

Over the last decades there has been an increased interest in assessing social anxiety in adolescents. This study aims to validate the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) to Portuguese youth, and to examine its invariance across gender as well as its psychometric properties. The participants were 782 Portuguese youths (371 males, 411 females), with an average age of 15.87 years (SD = 1.72). The results support the original three-factor structure of the SAS-A, with measurement invariance being found across gender, with females scoring higher than males on two subscales. High levels of internal consistency were found. Positive associations with empathy demonstrated that high socially anxious adolescents have elevated empathy tendencies. Mostly null or low negative associations were found with measures of psychopathic traits, callous-unemotional traits and aggression. Study findings provide evidence that the SAS-A is a psychometrically sound instrument that shows measurement invariance between genders, good reliability and positive correlations with empathy.
vorige artikel The Differential Relations Between Empathy and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Inpatient Adolescents
volgende artikel The Length of Child Anxiety Treatment in a Regional Health System
Literatuur
1.
Spence SH, Donovan C, Brechman-Toussaint M (1999) Social skills, social outcomes, and cognitive features of childhood social phobia. J Abnorm Psychol 108(2):211–221PubMedCrossRef
2.
Beesdo K, Knappe S, Pine DS (2009) Anxiety and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: developmental issues and implications for DSM-V. Psychiatr Clin N Am 32(3):483–524CrossRef
3.
Herbert JD, Brandsma LL, Fischer L (2014) Assessment of social anxiety and its clinical expressions. In: Hofmann SG, DiBartolo PM (eds) Social anxiety clinical, developmental, and social perspective. Elsevier, Maryland Heights, pp 45–94
4.
Fonseca AC, Perrin S (2011) The clinical phenomenology and classification of child and adolescent anxiety. In: Silverman WK, Field AP (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 25–55CrossRef
5.
Ollendick TH, Benoit KE, Grills-Taquechel AE (2014) Social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents. In: Weeks JW (ed) Handbook of social anxiety disorder. Wiley, Chichester
6.
American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. American Psychiatric Publications, WashingtonCrossRef
7.
Heimberg RG, Stein MB, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (2000) Trends in the prevalence of social phobia in the United States: a synthetic cohort analysis of changes over four decades. Eur Psychiatry 15(1):29–37PubMedCrossRef
8.
Merikangas KR, He J, Burstein M, Swanson SA, Avenevoli S, Cui L et al (2010) Lifetime prevalence of mental disorders in US adolescents: results from the National Comorbidity Study-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A). J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49(10):980–989PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Essau CA, Conradt J, Petermann F (1999) Frequency and comorbidity of social phobia and social fears in adolescents. Behav Res Ther 37(9):831–843PubMedCrossRef
10.
Wittchen HU, Stein MB, Kessler RC (1999) Social fears and social phobia in a community sample of adolescents and young adults: prevalence, risk factors and co-morbidity. Psychol Med 29(2):309–323PubMedCrossRef
11.
Albano AM, Hayward C (2004) Social anxiety disorder. In: Ollendick TH, March J (eds) Phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 198–235CrossRef
12.
Keller MB (2006) Social anxiety disorder clinical course and outcome: review of Harvard/Brown Anxiety Research Project (HARP) findings. J Clin Psychiatry 67(Suppl 1):14–19PubMed
13.
La Greca AM, Lopez N (1998) Social anxiety among adolescents: linkages with peer relations and friendships. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26(2):83–94PubMedCrossRef
14.
McKenna AE, Cassidy T, Giles M (2014) Prospective evaluation of the pyramid plus psychosocial intervention for shy withdrawn children: an assessment of efficacy in 7- to 8-year-old school children in Northern Ireland. Child Adolesc Ment Health 19(1):9–15CrossRef
15.
La Greca AM (2001) Friends or foes? Peer influences on anxiety among children and adolescents. In: Silverman WK, Treffers PDA (eds) Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: research, assessment, and intervention. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 159–187
16.
Loudin JL, Loukas A, Robinson S (2003) Relational aggression in college students : examining the roles of social anxiety and empathy. Aggress Behav 29:430–439CrossRef
17.
Tibi-Elhanany Y, Shamay-Tsoory SG (2011) Social cognition in social anxiety: first evidence for increased empathic abilities. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 48(2):98–106PubMed
18.
Loukas A, Paulos S, Robinson S (2005) Early adolescent social and overt aggression: examining the roles of social anxiety and maternal psychological control. J Youth Adolesc 34(4):335–345CrossRef
19.
Salihovic S, Kerr M, Stattin H (2014) Under the surface of adolescent psychopathic traits: high-anxious and low-anxious subgroups in a community sample of youths. J Adolesc 37(5):681–689PubMedCrossRef
20.
Cleckley H (1982) The mask of sanity. Mosby, St. Louis
21.
Frick PJ, Ellis M (1999) Callous-unemotional traits and subtypes of conduct disorder. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2(3):149–168PubMedCrossRef
22.
Frick PJ, Lilienfeld SO, Ellis M, Loney B, Silverthorn P (1999) The association between anxiety and psychopathy dimensions in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 27(5):383–392PubMedCrossRef
23.
Blair RJ, Colledge E, Murray L, Mitchell DG (2001) A selective impairment in the processing of sad and fearful expressions in children with psychopathic tendencies. J Abnorm Child Psychol 29(6):491–498PubMedCrossRef
24.
Hofmann SG, Korte KJ, Suvak MK (2009) The upside of being socially anxious: psychopathic attributes and social anxiety are negatively associated. J Soc Clin Psychol 28(6):714–727PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
25.
Kubak FA, Salekin RT (2009) Psychopathy and anxiety in children and adolescents: new insights on developmental pathways to offending. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 31(4):271–284CrossRef
26.
Lee Z, Salekin RT, Iselin A-MR (2010) Psychopathic traits in youth: is there evidence for primary and secondary subtypes? J Abnorm Child Psychol 38(3):381–393PubMedCrossRef
27.
Colins OF, Andershed H, Hawes SW, Bijttebier P, Pardini DA (2015) Psychometric properties of the original and short form of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in detained female adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. doi:10.​1007/​s10578-015-0601-8
28.
Colins OF, Bijttebier P, Broekaert E, Andershed H (2014) Psychopathic-like traits among detained female adolescents: reliability and validity of the Antisocial Process Screening Device and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory. Assessment 21(2):195–209PubMedCrossRef
29.
Beidel DC, Turner SM (1998) Shy children, phobic adults. Nature and treatment of social phobia. American Psychological Association, WashingtonCrossRef
30.
Olivares J, García-López LJ, Hidalgo MD (2001) The Social Phobia Scale and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale: factor structure and reliability in a Spanish-speaking population. J Psychoeduc Assess 19(1):69–80CrossRef
31.
Turner SM, Beidel DC, Dancu CV, Stanley MA (1989) An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychol Assess 1:35–40CrossRef
32.
Connor KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Foa E, Weisler RH (2000) Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). New self-rating scale. Br J Psychiatry 176:379–386PubMedCrossRef
33.
Masia-Warner C, Storch EA, Pincus DB, Klein RG, Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR (2003) The Liebowitz social anxiety scale for children and adolescents: an initial psychometric investigation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42(9):1076–1084PubMedCrossRef
34.
Tulbure BT, Szentagotai A, Dobrean A, David D (2012) Evidence based clinical assessment of child and adolescent social phobia: a critical review of rating scales. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43(5):795–820PubMedCrossRef
35.
Terwee CB, Bot SDM, de Boer MR, van der Windt DAWM, Knol DL, Dekker J et al (2007) Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol 60(1):34–42PubMedCrossRef
36.
Watson D, Friend R (1969) Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. J Consult Clin Psychol 33(4):448–457PubMedCrossRef
37.
38.
La Greca AM, Stone WL (1993) Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised: factor structure and concurrent validity. J Clin Child Psychol 22(1):17–27CrossRef
39.
Garcia-Lopez LJ, Ingles CJ, Garcia-Fernandez JM, Hidalgo MD, Bermejo R, Puklek Levpuscek M (2011) Psychometric properties and clinical cut-off scores of the Spanish version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. J Pers Assess 93(5):474–482PubMedCrossRef
40.
García-López LJ, Olivares J, Vera-Villaroel PE (2003) Fobia social: Revisión de los instrumentos de evaluación validados para población de lengua española [Social phobia: a review of validated assessment instruments for Spanish-speaking population]. Rev Latinoam Psicol 35:151–160
41.
Ranta K, Junttila N, Laakkonen E, Uhmavaara A, La Greca AM, Niemi PM (2012) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A): measuring social anxiety among Finnish adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 43(4):574–591PubMedCrossRef
42.
Inderbitzen-Nolan HM, Walters KS (2000) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: normative data and further evidence of construct validity. J Clin Child Psychol 29(3):360–371PubMedCrossRef
43.
Olivares J, Ruiz J, Hidalgo MD, García-López LJ, Rosa AI, Piqueras JA (2005) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A): psychometric properties in a Spanish-speaking population. Int J Clin Heal Psychol 5:85–97
44.
Ginsburg GS, La Greca AM, Silverman WK (1998) Social anxiety in children with anxiety disorders: relation with social and emotional functioning. J Abnorm Child Psychol 26(3):175–185PubMedCrossRef
45.
García-López LJ, Olivares J, Hidalgo MD, Beidel DC, Turner SM (2001) Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale in an adolescent Spanish-speaking sample. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 23(1):51–59CrossRef
46.
Zhou X, Xu Q, Ingles CJ, Hidalgo MD, La Greca AM (2008) Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 39(2):185–200PubMedCrossRef
47.
Storch EA, Masia-Warner C, Dent HC, Roberti JW, Fisher PH (2004) Psychometric evaluation of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents and the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children: construct validity and normative data. J Anxiety Disord 18(5):665–679PubMedCrossRef
48.
La Greca AM, Harrison HM (2005) Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 34(1):49–61PubMedCrossRef
49.
Ruiz-Marín J, Olivares J, Hidalgo MD, García-López LJ (2000) Propiedades psicométricas y otras cuestiones relativas al SAS-A [Psychometric properties and other issues regarding the SAS-A]. (september) Oral presentation at the 30th Congress of the EABCT, Granada, Spain
50.
Olivares J, García-López LJ, Hidalgo MD, Caballo V (2004) Relationships among social anxiety measures and their invariance: a confirmatory factor analysis. Eur J Psychol Assess 20:172–179CrossRef
51.
Ingles CJ, La Greca AM, Marzo JC, Garcia-Lopez LJ, Garcia-Fernandez JM (2010) Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: factorial invariance and latent mean differences across gender and age in Spanish adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 24(8):847–855PubMedCrossRef
52.
Cunha M, Gouveia JP, Alegre S, Salvador MC (2008) Social fears in adolescence: the Social Anxiety and Avoidance Scale for Adolescents. Eur Psychol 13:197–213CrossRef
53.
Pechorro P, Silva I, Maroco J, Gonçalves R (2014) Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Ansiedade Social para Adolescentes em jovens institucionalizados [Psychometric properties of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents among institutionalized youths]. Psicol Saúde Doenças 15(3):586–596
54.
Hambleton R, Merenda P, Spielberger C (2005) Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah
55.
Jolliffe D, Farrington DP (2006) Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. J Adolesc 29(4):589–611PubMedCrossRef
56.
Pechorro P, Ray JV, Salas-Wright CP, Maroco J, Gonçalves RA (2015) Adaptation of the Basic Empathy Scale among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offenders. Psychol Crime Law 21(7):699–714CrossRef
57.
Frick PJ, Hare R (2001) The antisocial process screening device. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto
58.
Hare RD (2003) Manual for the revised psychopathy checklist. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto
59.
Pechorro P, Maroco J, Poiares C, Vieira RX (2013) Validation of the Portuguese version of the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report with a focus on delinquent behavior and behavior problems. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 57(1):112–126PubMedCrossRef
60.
Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Frick PJ (2006) Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment 13(4):454–469PubMedCrossRef
61.
Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Skeem JL, Marsee MA, Cruise K, Munoz LC et al (2008) Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits. Int J Law Psychiatry 31(3):241–252PubMedCrossRef
62.
Pechorro P, Ray JV, Barroso R, Maroco J, Gonçalves RA (2016) Validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits among a portuguese sample of detained juvenile offenders. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 60(3):349–365PubMedCrossRef
63.
Raine A, Dodge K, Loeber R, Gatzke-Kopp L, Lynam D, Reynolds C et al (2006) The Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire: differential correlates of reactive and proactive aggression in adolescent boys. Aggress Behav 32(2):159–171PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
64.
Pechorro P, Ray JV, Raine A, Maroco J, Goncalves RA (2015) The reactive-proactive aggression questionnaire: validation among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile delinquents. J Interpers Violence. doi:10.​1177/​0886260515590784​ PubMed
65.
Bentler P, Wu E (2008) EQS for Windows user’s guide. Multivariate Software, Inc, Encino
66.
Byrne S (2006) Structural equation modeling with EQS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah
67.
Marôco J (2014) Análise de Equações Estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & aplicações [Structural equations analysis: Theoretical foundations, software and applications]. ReportNumber, Ltd, Pero Pinheiro
68.
West S, Taylor A, Wu W (2012) Model fit and model selection in structural equation modeling. In: Hoyle R (ed) Handbook of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 209–231
69.
70.
Revelle W, Zinbarg R (2009) Coefficients alpha, beta, omega, and the glb: comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika 74(1):145–154CrossRef
71.
Kaplan R, Saccuzzo D (2009) Psychological testing: principles, applications, and issues. Cengage Learning, Belmont
72.
Batanova MD, Loukas A (2011) Social anxiety and aggression in early adolescents: examining the moderating roles of empathic concern and perspective taking. J Youth Adolesc 40:1534–1543PubMedCrossRef
73.
Lilienfeld SO, Penna S (2001) Anxiety sensitivity: relations to psychopathy, DSM-IV personality disorder features, and personality traits. J Anxiety Disord 15(5):367–393PubMedCrossRef
74.
Kearney CA (2005) Social anxiety and social phobia in youth. Characteristics, assessment, and psychological treatment. Springer, New York
Metagegevens
Titel
The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents: Measurement Invariance and Psychometric Properties Among a School Sample of Portuguese Youths
Auteurs
Pedro Pechorro
Lara Ayala-Nunes
Cristina Nunes
João Marôco
Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves
Publicatiedatum
21-01-2016
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Child Psychiatry & Human Development / Uitgave 6/2016
Print ISSN: 0009-398X
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3327
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-016-0627-6

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2016

Child Psychiatry & Human Development 6/2016 Naar de uitgave

Original Article

Effects of War, Terrorism and Armed Conflict on Young Children: A Systematic Review

Original Article

Wanting it Too Much: An Inverse Relation Between Social Motivation and Facial Emotion Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Original Article

The Differential Relations Between Empathy and Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Inpatient Adolescents

Original Article

Factor Structure and Invariance of the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire in a Large Sample of Young Adolescents in Singapore

Original Article

Long-Term Fluctuations in Traumatic Symptoms of High School Girls Who Survived from the 2011 Japan Tsunami: Series of Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Surveys

Original Article

Does Family Structure Play a Role in Depression in Adolescents Admitted to Psychiatric Inpatient Care?