Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-05-2012 | Empirical Research

The Role of Empowerment in Youth Development: A Study of Sociopolitical Control as Mediator of Ecological Systems’ Influence on Developmental Outcomes

Auteurs: Brian D. Christens, N. Andrew Peterson

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 5/2012

Abstract

Empowerment has become an influential concept and theoretical framework for social policy and practice. Still, relatively little is known about the roles that empowerment plays in the ecology of human development, particularly among young people. This article reports results of a study of psychological empowerment among young people, using data from 629 high school students (65.8% female; 96.5% non-white). Using a path analysis, we examined the role of perceived sociopolitical control—an indicator of the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment—as a mediator between ecological support systems and developmental outcomes. Findings confirmed that social support in family, peer, and school settings, and family cohesion positively predict self-esteem and perceived school importance, which, in turn, have protective effects on psychological symptoms, violent behaviors and substance use. Sociopolitical control was found to mediate the relationships between ecological supports and risk factors and developmental outcomes, leading to the conclusion that perceived efficacy in the sociopolitical domain, and youth empowerment, more generally, should be considered as core elements of the ecology of human development. Policy and practice aimed at promoting positive developmental outcomes and preventing risk behaviors should take their relationship to sociopolitical control into account.

vorige artikel Gender-related Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A 4-year Longitudinal Study

volgende artikel Associations Between Violent Video Gaming, Empathic Concern, and Prosocial Behavior Toward Strangers, Friends, and Family Members

Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. (1983). Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: Queen City Printers.

Altman, D. G., & Feighery, E. C. (2004). Future directions for youth empowerment: Commentary on application of youth empowerment theory to tobacco control. Health Education & Behavior, 31(5), 641–647. doi:10.1177/1090198104268683.CrossRef

Aneshensel, C. S., & Sucoff, C. A. (1996). The neighborhood context of adolescent mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37(4), 293–310.PubMedCrossRef

Arbuckle, J. L. (2007). Amos 16.0 user’s guide. Spring House, PA: Amos Development Corporation.

Aronowitz, S. (2011). One, two, many Madisons: The war on public sector workers. New Labor Forum, 20(2), 15–21. doi:10.4179/NLF.202.0000004.

Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122.CrossRef

Banyard, V. L., & LaPlant, L. E. (2002). Exploring links between childhood maltreatment and empowerment. Journal of Community Psychology, 30(6), 687–707. doi:10.1002/jcop.10026.CrossRef

Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V., & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27, 542–559. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002.CrossRef

Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hamilton, S. F., & Sesma, A., Jr. (2006). Positive youth development: Theory, research, and applications. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology, vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., pp. 894–941). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Bond, L., Butler, H., Thomas, L., Carlin, J., Glover, S., Bowes, G., et al. (2007). Social and school connectedness in early secondary school as predictors of late teenage substance use, mental health, and academic outcomes. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(4), 357.e9–357.e918. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.10.013.CrossRef

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513–531. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513.CrossRef

Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230–258. doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005.CrossRef

Bryant, A. L., Schulenberg, J. E., O’Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (2003). How academic achievement, attitudes, and behaviors relate to the course of substance use during adolescence: A 6-year, multiwave national longitudinal study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(3), 361–397. doi:10.1111/1532-7795.1303005.CrossRef

Butler, R. J., & Gasson, S. L. (2005). Self esteem/self concept scales for children and adolescents: A review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 10(4), 190–201. doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2005.00368.x.CrossRef

Camino, L., & Zeldin, S. (2002). From periphery to center: Pathways for youth civic engagement in the day-to-day life of communities. Applied Developmental Science, 6(4), 213–220. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0604_8.CrossRef

Cammarota, J. (2007). A social justice approach to achievement: Guiding Latina/o students toward educational attainment with a challenging, socially relevant curriculum. Equity & Excellence in Education, 40(1), 87–96. doi:10.1080/10665680601015153.CrossRef

Cargo, M., Grams, G. D., Ottoson, J. M., Ward, P., & Green, L. W. (2003). Empowerment as fostering positive youth development and citizenship. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(Supplement 1), 66–79.CrossRef

Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Berglund, M. L., Pollard, J. A., & Arthur, M. W. (2002). Prevention science and positive youth development: Competitive or cooperative frameworks? Journal of Adolescent Health, 31(6), 230–239. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00496-2.PubMedCrossRef

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Surveillance summaries. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51(SS-4). http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/ss/ss5104.pdf.

Chavous, T. M., Rivas-Drake, D., Smalls, C., Griffin, T., & Cogburn, C. (2008). Gender matters, too: The influences of school racial discrimination and racial identity on academic engagement outcomes among African American adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 44(3), 637–654. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.3.637.PubMedCrossRef

Chinman, M. J., & Linney, J. A. (1998). Toward a model of adolescent empowerment: Theoretical and empirical evidence. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 18(4), 393–413. doi:10.1023/A:1022691808354.CrossRef

Christens, B. D. (2011). Psychological empowerment. In K. Dowding (Ed.), Encyclopedia of power (pp. 539–540). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Christens, B. D., & Dolan, T. (2011). Interweaving youth development, community development, and social change through youth organizing. Youth & Society, 43(2), 528–548. doi:10.1177/0044118X10383647.CrossRef

Christens, B. D., Peterson, N. A., & Speer, P. W. (2011a). Community participation and psychological empowerment: Testing reciprocal causality using a cross-lagged panel design and latent constructs. Health Education & Behavior, 38(4), 339–347. doi:10.1177/1090198110372880.CrossRef

Christens, B. D., Speer, P. W., & Peterson, N. A. (2011b). Social class as moderator of the relationship between (dis)empowering processes and psychological empowerment. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(2), 170–182. doi:10.1002/jcop.20425.CrossRef

Christens, B. D., & Zeldin, S. (in press). Community engagement. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence. New York: Springer.

Chung, I. J., Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Gilchrist, L. D., & Nagin, D. S. (2002). Childhood predictors of offense trajectories. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 39(1), 60. doi:10.1177/002242780203900103.CrossRef

Damon, W. (2004). What is positive youth development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 13–24. doi:10.1177/0002716203260092.CrossRef

Diemer, M. A., & Blustein, D. L. (2006). Critical consciousness and career development among urban youth. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 220–232. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.001.CrossRef

DuBois, D. L., & Silverthorn, N. (2005). Natural mentoring relationships and adolescent health: Evidence from a national study. American Journal of Public Health, 95(3), 518–524. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.031476.PubMedCrossRef

Dumont, M., & Provost, M. A. (1999). Resilience in adolescents: Protective role of social support, coping strategies, self-esteem, and social activities on experience of stress and depression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28(3), 343–363. doi:10.1023/A:1021637011732.CrossRef

Eccles, J. S., & Barber, B. L. (1999). Student council, volunteering, basketball, or marching band: What kind of extracurricular involvement matters? Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(1), 10–43. doi:10.1177/0743558499141003.CrossRef

Echeverría, S., Diez-Roux, A. V., Shea, S., Borrell, L. N., & Jackson, S. (2008). Associations of neighborhood problems and neighborhood social cohesion with mental health and health behaviors: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Health & Place, 14(4), 853–865. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.004.CrossRef

Ellickson, P., Saner, H., & McGuigan, K. A. (1997). Profiles of violent youth: Substance use and other concurrent problems. American Journal of Public Health, 87(6), 985–991. doi:10.2105/AJPH.87.6.985.PubMedCrossRef

Fergus, S., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399–419. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.PubMedCrossRef

Fergusson, D. M., Boden, J. M., & Horwood, J. (2009). Tests of causal links between alcohol abuse or dependence and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 66(3), 260–266.PubMedCrossRef

Fraser, M. W., Kirby, L. D., & Smokowski, P. R. (2004). Risk and resilience in childhood. In M. W. Fraser (Ed.), Risk and resilience in childhood: An ecological perspective (2nd ed., pp. 13–66). Washington, DC: NASW.

Fredericks, J. A., & Eccles, J. S. (2008). Participation in extracurricular activities in the middle school years: Are there developmental benefits for African American and European American youth? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(9), 1029–1043. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9309-4.CrossRef

Garcia-Ramirez, M., Martinez, M. F., Balcazar, F. E., Suarez-Balcazar, Y., Albar, M., Domínguez, E., et al. (2005). Psychosocial empowerment and social support factors associated with the employment status of immigrant welfare recipients. Journal of Community Psychology, 33(6), 673–690. doi:10.1002/jcop.20072.CrossRef

Garcia-Reid, P., Reid, R. J., & Peterson, N. A. (2005). School engagement among Latino youth in an urban middle school context: Valuing the role of social support. Education and Urban Society, 37(3), 257–275. doi:10.1177/0013124505275534.CrossRef

Ginwright, S., & James, T. (2002). From assets to agents of change: Social justice, organizing, and youth development. New Directions for Youth Development, 96(Winter), 27–46. doi:10.1002/yd.25.PubMedCrossRef

Granger, R. C. (2002). Creating the conditions linked to positive youth development. New Directions for Youth Development, 2002(95), 149–164. doi:10.1002/yd.20.CrossRef

Hanafi, S. (2011). Lessons of the jasmine revolution. Al Jazeera English, January 23. Retrieved from: http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/01/201111985641326468.html.

Holden, D. J., Crankshaw, E., Nimsch, C., Hinnant, L. W., & Hund, L. (2004). Quantifying the impact of participation in local tobacco control groups on the psychological empowerment of involved youth. Health Education & Behavior, 31(5), 615–628. doi:10.1177/1090198104268678.CrossRef

Holden, D. J., Evans, W. D., Hinnant, L. W., & Messeri, P. (2005). Modeling psychological empowerment among youth involved in local tobacco control efforts. Health Education & Behavior, 32(2), 264–278. doi:10.1177/1090198104272336.CrossRef

Howard, K. A., Budge, S. L., & McKay, K. M. (2010). Youth exposed to violence: The role of protective factors. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(1), 63–79. doi:10.1002/jcop.20352.CrossRef

Hughey, J., Peterson, N. A., Lowe, J. B., & Oprescu, F. (2008). Empowerment and sense of community: Clarifying their relationship in community organizations. Health Education & Behavior, 35(5), 651–663. doi:10.1177/1090198106294896.CrossRef

Hurd, N. M., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2010). Natural mentoring relationships among adolescent mothers: A study of resilience. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20(3), 789–809. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00660.x.PubMedCrossRef

Huston, A. C., & Bentley, A. C. (2010). Human development in societal context. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 411–437. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100442.PubMedCrossRef

Israel, B. A., Checkoway, B., Schulz, A., & Zimmerman, M. (1994). Health education and community empowerment: Conceptualizing and measuring perceptions of individual, organizational, and community control. Health Education Quarterly, 21(2), 149–170. doi:10.1177/109019819402100203.PubMedCrossRef

Itzhaky, H., & York, A. S. (2000). Sociopolitical control and empowerment: An extended replication. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(4), 407–415. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(200007)28:4<407:AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-R.CrossRef

Itzhaky, H., & York, A. S. (2003). Leadership competence and political control: The influential factors. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(4), 371–381. doi:10.1002/jcop.10054.CrossRef

Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 233–265). New York: Oxford University Press.

Khalidi, R. (2011). The Arab spring. The Nation, March 21 edition. Retrieved from: http://www.thenation.com/article/158991/arab-spring.

Kieffer, C. H. (1984). Citizen empowerment: A developmental perspective. In J. Rappaport, C. Swift, & R. Hess (Eds.), Studies in empowerment: Steps toward understanding and action (pp. 9–36). New York: The Haworth Press.

Kim, S., Crutchfield, C., Williams, C., & Hepler, N. (1998). Toward a new paradigm in substance abuse and other problem behavior prevention for youth: Youth development and empowerment approach. Journal of Drug Education, 28(1), 1–17.PubMedCrossRef

Kinsman, J. (2011). Democracy rising: Tunisia and Egypt, when idealists got it right. Policy Options, 2011(April), 37–43.

Kirshner, B. (2009). Power in numbers: Youth organizing as a context for exploring civic identity. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 19(3), 414–440. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00601.x.CrossRef

Kohfeldt, D., Chhun, L., Grace, S., & Langhout, R. D. (2011). Youth empowerment in context: Exploring tensions in school-based yPAR. American Journal of Community Psychology, 47(1–2), 28–45. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9376-z.PubMedCrossRef

Larson, R. W. (2000). Toward a psychology of positive youth development. American Psychologist, 55(1), 170–183. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.170.PubMedCrossRef

Larson, R. W. (2011). Positive development in a disorderly world. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(2), 317–334. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00707.x.CrossRef

Lerner, R. M., Dowling, E. M., & Anderson, P. M. (2003). Positive youth development: Thriving as the basis of personhood and civil society. Applied Developmental Science, 7(3), 172–180. doi:10.1207/S1532480XADS0703_8.CrossRef

Levenson, H. (1974). Activism and powerful others: Distinctions within the concept of internal–external control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38(4), 377–383. doi:10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988.CrossRef

Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00164.PubMedCrossRef

Ma, L., Phelps, E., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). The development of academic competence among adolescents who bully and who are bullied. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 628–644. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.006.CrossRef

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83.PubMedCrossRef

Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.56.3.227.PubMedCrossRef

Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 491–495. doi:10.1017/S0954579410000222.PubMedCrossRef

Moos, R. (1974). Family environment scale preliminary manual. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

Nichols, J. (2011). The spirit of Wisconsin. The Nation, March 21 edition. Retrieved from: http://www.thenation.com/article/158990/spirit-wisconsin.

Ozer, E. J., & Schotland, M. (2011). Psychological empowerment among urban youth: Measure development and relationship to psychosocial functioning. Health Education & Behavior. Published online ahead of print as doi:10.1177/1090198110373734.

Paschall, M. J., & Hubbard, M. L. (1998). Effects of neighborhood and family stressors on African American male adolescents’ self-worth and propensity for violent behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(5), 825–831. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.66.5.825.PubMedCrossRef

Peterson, N. A., Lowe, J. B., Hughey, J., Reid, R. J., Zimmerman, M. A., & Speer, P. W. (2006). Measuring the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment: Confirmatory factor analysis of the sociopolitical control scale. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3–4), 287–297. doi:10.1007/s10464-006-9070-3.PubMedCrossRef

Peterson, N. A., Peterson, C. H., Agre, L. A., Christens, B. D., & Morton, C. M. (2011). Measuring youth empowerment: Validation of a sociopolitical control scale for youth in an urban community context. Journal of Community Psychology, 39(5), 592–605. doi:10.1002/jcop.20456.CrossRef

Peterson, N. A., & Reid, R. J. (2003). Paths to psychological empowerment in an urban community: Sense of community and citizen participation in substance abuse prevention activities. Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1), 25–38. doi:10.1002/jcop.10034.CrossRef

Prelow, H. M., Weaver, S. R., & Swenson, R. R. (2006). Competence, self-esteem, and coping efficacy as mediators of ecological risk and depressive symptoms in urban African American and European American youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(4), 506–516. doi:10.1007/s10964-006-9068-z.CrossRef

Prilleltensky, I. (2008). The role of power in wellness, oppression, and liberation: The promise of psychopolitical validity. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(2), 116–136. doi:10.1002/jcop.20225.CrossRef

Prilleltensky, I. (2010). Child wellness and social inclusion: Values for action. American Journal of Community Psychology, 46(1–2), 238–249. doi:10.1007/s10464-010-9318-9.PubMedCrossRef

Rappaport, J. (1981). In praise of paradox: A social policy of empowerment over prevention. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9(1), 1–25. doi:10.1007/BF00919275.PubMedCrossRef

Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15(2), 121–148. doi:10.1007/BF00919275.PubMedCrossRef

Reid, R. J., Garcia-Reid, P., Klein, E., & McDougall, A. (2008). Violence-related behaviors among Dominican adolescents: Examining the influence of alcohol and marijuana use. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 7(4), 404–427. doi:10.1080/15332640802508028.PubMedCrossRef

Rhodes, J. E., Reddy, R., & Grossman, J. B. (2005). The protective influence of mentoring on adolescents’ substance use: Direct and indirect pathways. Applied Developmental Science, 9(1), 31–47. doi:10.1207/s1532480xads0901_4.CrossRef

Rivera, F. I., Guarnaccia, P. J., Mulvaney-Day, N., Lin, J. Y., Torres, M., & Alegría, M. (2008). Family cohesion and its relationship to psychological distress among Latino groups. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(3), 357–378. doi:10.1177/0739986308318713.PubMedCrossRef

Rogers, J., Morrell, E., & Enyedy, N. (2007). Studying the struggle: Contexts for learning and identity development for urban youth. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(3), 419–443. doi:10.1177/0002764207306069.CrossRef

Rosenfeld, L. B., Richman, J. M., & Bowen, G. L. (2000). Social support networks and school outcomes: The centrality of the teacher. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 17(3), 205–226. doi:10.1023/A:1007535930286.CrossRef

Russell, S. T., Muraco, A., Subramaniam, A., & Laub, C. (2009). Youth empowerment and high school gay-straight alliances. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 891–903. doi:10.1007/s10964-008-9382-8.PubMedCrossRef

Sampson, R. J. (2004). Networks and neighborhoods: The implications of connectivity for thinking about crime in the modern city. In H. McCarthy, P. Miller, & P. Skidmore (Eds.), Network logic: Who governs in an interconnected world? (pp. 157–166). London: Demos.

Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Raudenbush, S. (2005). Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence. American Journal of Public Health, 95(2), 224–232. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.037705.PubMedCrossRef

Sandler, I. (2001). Quality and ecology of adversity as common mechanisms of risk and resilience. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 19–61. doi:10.1023/A:1005237110505.PubMedCrossRef

Seifer, R., Sameroff, A. J., Baldwin, C. P., & Baldwin, A. (1992). Child and family factors that ameliorate risk between 4 and 13 years of age. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(5), 893–903. doi:10.1097/00004583-199209000-00018.PubMedCrossRef

Shinn, M., & Yoshikawa, H. (Eds.). (2008). Toward positive youth development: Transforming schools and community programs. New York: Oxford University Press.

Shoemaker, A. L. (1980). Construct validity of area-specific self-esteem: The Hare self-esteem scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 40(2), 495–501. doi:10.1177/001316448004000231.CrossRef

Speer, P. W. (2000). Intrapersonal and interactional empowerment: Implications for theory. Journal of Community Psychology, 28(1), 51–61. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(200001)28:1<51:AID-JCOP6>3.0.CO;2-6.CrossRef

Speer, P. W., & Hughey, J. (1996). Mechanisms of empowerment: Psychological processes for members of power-based community organizations. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 6(3), 177–187. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1298(199608)6:3<177:AID-CASP368>3.0.CO;2-N.CrossRef

Speer, P. W., Jackson, C. B., & Peterson, N. A. (2001). The relationship between social cohesion and empowerment: Support and new implications for theory. Health Education & Behavior, 28(6), 716–732. doi:10.1177/109019810102800605.CrossRef

Spoth, R. L., Kavanagh, K. A., & Dishion, T. J. (2002). Family-centered preventive science: Toward benefits to larger populations of children, youth, and families. Prevention Science, 3(3), 145–152. doi:10.1023/A:1019924615322.PubMedCrossRef

Stevenson, W., Maton, K. I., & Teti, D. M. (1999). Social support, relationship quality, and well-being among pregnant adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 22(1), 109–121. doi:10.1006/jado.1998.0204.PubMedCrossRef

Stockdale, S. E., Wells, K. B., Tang, L., Belin, T. R., Zhang, L., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2007). The importance of social context: Neighborhood stressors, stress-buffering mechanisms, and alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders. Social Science and Medicine, 65(9), 1867–1881. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.05.045.PubMedCrossRef

Stokols, D. (1992). Establishing and maintaining healthy environments: Toward a social ecology of health promotion. American Psychologist, 47(1), 6–22. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.47.1.6.PubMedCrossRef

Swenson, R. R., & Prelow, H. M. (2005). Ethnic identity, self-esteem, and perceived efficacy as mediators of the relation of supportive parenting to psychosocial outcomes among urban adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 28(4), 465–477. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.09.005.

Tebes, J. K., Feinn, R., Vanderploeg, J. J., Chinman, M. J., Shepard, J., Brabham, T., et al. (2007). Impact of a positive youth development program in urban after-school settings on the prevention of adolescent substance use. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(3), 239–247. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.016.PubMedCrossRef

Treanor, J. (2011). Portugal edges towards ‘inevitable’ bailout from EU partners. The Guardian, March 22. Retrieved from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/mar/22/portugal-edges-towards-eu-imf-bailout.

Trickett, E. J. (2009). Community psychology: Individuals and interventions in community context. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 395–419. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163517.PubMedCrossRef

Urban, J. B., Lewin-Bizan, S., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). The role of neighborhood ecological assets and activity involvement in youth developmental outcomes: Differential impacts of asset poor and asset rich neighborhoods. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 601–614. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2009.07.003.CrossRef

Vieno, A., Nation, M., Perkins, D. D., Pastore, M., & Santinello, M. (2010). Social capital, safety concerns, parenting, and early adolescents’ antisocial behavior. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3), 314–328. doi:10.1002/jcop.20366.CrossRef

Watts, R. J., & Flanagan, C. (2007). Pushing the envelope on youth civic engagement: A developmental and liberation psychology perspective. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(6), 779–792. doi:10.1002/jcop.20178.CrossRef

Watts, R. J., Williams, N. C., & Jagers, R. J. (2003). Sociopolitical development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 31(1/2), 185–194. doi:10.1023/A:1023091024140.PubMedCrossRef

White, H. R., Loeber, R., Stouthame-Loeber, M., & Farrington, D. P. (1999). Developmental associations between substance use and violence. Development and Psychopathology, 11(4), 785–803.PubMedCrossRef

Wilson, N., Dasho, S., Martin, A. C., Wallerstein, N., Wang, C. C., & Minkler, M. (2007). Engaging young adolescents in social action through photovoice: The Youth Empowerment Strategies (YES!) project. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(2), 241–261. doi:10.1177/0272431606294834.CrossRef

Xue, Y., Zimmerman, M. A., & Cunningham, R. (2009). Relationship between alcohol use and violent behavior among urban African American youths from adolescence to emerging adulthood: A longitudinal study. American Journal of Public Health, 99(11), 2041–2048.PubMedCrossRef

Zeldin, S. (2004). Preventing youth violence through the promotion of community engagement and membership. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(5), 623–641. doi:10.1002/jcop.20023.CrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A. (1990). Toward a theory of learned hopefulness: A structural model analysis of participation and empowerment. Journal of Research in Personality, 24(1), 71–86. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(90)90007-S.CrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581–599. doi:10.1007/BF02506983.PubMedCrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A., Copeland, L. A., Shope, J. T., & Dielman, T. E. (1997). A longitudinal study of self-esteem: Implications for adolescent development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26(2), 117–141. doi:10.1023/A:1024596313925.CrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A., Ramírez-Valles, J., & Maton, K. I. (1999). Resilience among urban African American male adolescents: A study of the protective effects of sociopolitical control on their mental health. American Journal of Community Psychology, 27(6), 733–751. doi:10.1023/A:1022205008237.PubMedCrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A., Salem, D. A., & Maton, K. I. (1995). Family structure and psychosocial correlates among urban African-American adolescent males. Child Development, 66(6), 1598–1613. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00954.x.PubMedCrossRef

Zimmerman, M. A., & Zahniser, J. H. (1991). Refinements of sphere-specific measures of perceived control: Development of a sociopolitical control scale. Journal of Community Psychology, 19(2), 189–204. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(199104)19:2<189:AID-JCOP2290190210>3.0.CO;2-6.CrossRef

Titel: The Role of Empowerment in Youth Development: A Study of Sociopolitical Control as Mediator of Ecological Systems’ Influence on Developmental Outcomes
Auteurs: Brian D. Christens
N. Andrew Peterson
Publicatiedatum: 01-05-2012
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 5/2012
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-011-9724-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2012

Gender-related Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms and Disordered Eating in Adolescence: A 4-year Longitudinal Study

Who Gives and Who Gets: Why, When, and with Whom Young People Engage in Oral Sex

Homelessness Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth: Implications for Subsequent Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms

Social Networks of Homeless Youth in Emerging Adulthood

Family Cohesion and Romantic and Sexual Initiation: A Three Wave Longitudinal Study

Peer Attachment: A Meta-analytic Review of Gender and Age Differences and Associations with Parent Attachment