Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 3/2007

01-06-2007 | Original Article

The Relationship between Obsessive Beliefs and Thought-Control Strategies in a Clinical Sample

Auteurs: David F. Tolin, Patrick Worhunsky, Robert E. Brady, Nicholas Maltby

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2007

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Previous research has linked obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to maladaptive strategies of thought control, which in turn may elicit a paradoxical increase in the unwanted thought. One explanation for OCD patients’ use of maladaptive thought control strategies is that they tend to overestimate the importance of their thoughts, or perceive a greater need to control them. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between obsessive beliefs and use of maladaptive thought control strategies in a sample of 77 OCD patients and 35 anxious control patients. Patients completed the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBQ-44) and the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ), as well as measures of trait anxiety and depression. Across the entire sample and for OCD patients only, when controlling for depression and trait anxiety, the TCQ Punishment scale correlated significantly with the OBQ-44 Importance/Control of Thoughts scale. Regression analyses indicated that beliefs about the Importance/Control of Thoughts accounted for the relationship between OCD and the use of Punishment as a thought control strategy. In addition to providing additional construct validation for the OBQ-44, the present data add to a growing body of research suggesting that OCD patients, believing their intrusive thoughts to be particularly important and perceiving a need to control them, overuse maladaptive thought control strategies; these strategies tend to “backfire” and trigger additional intrusive thoughts.
Literatuur
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 683–703.PubMedCrossRef Abramowitz, J. S., Tolin, D. F., & Street, G. P. (2001). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 683–703.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S., Kalsy, S. A., & Tolin, D. F. (2003). Thought control strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 529–540.PubMedCrossRef Abramowitz, J. S., Whiteside, S., Kalsy, S. A., & Tolin, D. F. (2003). Thought control strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A replication and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 529–540.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Aikins, D. E., & Craske, M. G. (2001). Cognitive theories of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(4), 57–74.PubMedCrossRef Aikins, D. E., & Craske, M. G. (2001). Cognitive theories of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24(4), 57–74.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Amir, N., Cashman, L. A., & Foa, E. (1997). Strategies of thought control in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 775–777.PubMedCrossRef Amir, N., Cashman, L. A., & Foa, E. (1997). Strategies of thought control in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 775–777.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Amir, N., Freshman, M., Ramsey, B., Neary, E., & Brigidi, B. (2001). Thought-action fusion in individuals with OCD symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 765–776.PubMedCrossRef Amir, N., Freshman, M., Ramsey, B., Neary, E., & Brigidi, B. (2001). Thought-action fusion in individuals with OCD symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 765–776.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597.PubMedCrossRef Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., Lehman, C. L., & Campbell, L. A. (2001). Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: Implications for the classification of emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 49–58.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation. Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
go back to reference Clark, D. A. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. New York: Guilford. Clark, D. A. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for OCD. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485–496.PubMedCrossRef Foa, E. B., Huppert, J. D., Leiberg, S., Langner, R., Kichic, R., Hajcak, G., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485–496.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive compulsive disorder scale: The obsessive compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 206–214.CrossRef Foa, E. B., Kozak, M. J., Salkovskis, P. M., Coles, M. E., & Amir, N. (1998). The validation of a new obsessive compulsive disorder scale: The obsessive compulsive inventory. Psychological Assessment, 10, 206–214.CrossRef
go back to reference Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). What do people do with their obsessive thoughts? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 335–348.PubMedCrossRef Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). What do people do with their obsessive thoughts? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 335–348.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Frost R. O., & Steketee G. (Eds.). (2002). Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Pergamon. Frost R. O., & Steketee G. (Eds.). (2002). Cognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Pergamon.
go back to reference Janeck, A. S., & Calamari, J. E. (1999). Thought suppression in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 497–509.CrossRef Janeck, A. S., & Calamari, J. E. (1999). Thought suppression in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 497–509.CrossRef
go back to reference Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. R. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172–175.CrossRef Meng, X.-L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. R. (1992). Comparing correlated correlation coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172–175.CrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681.CrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987–1006.CrossRef Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2001). Development and initial validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 987–1006.CrossRef
go back to reference Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part 2, factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527–1542. Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (2005). Psychometric validation of the obsessive beliefs questionnaire and the interpretation of intrusions inventory: Part 2, factor analyses and testing of a brief version. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1527–1542.
go back to reference Purdon, C. (1999). Thought suppression and psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1029–1054.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C. (1999). Thought suppression and psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 1029–1054.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994). Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects. Part II. Cognitive appraisal, emotional response and thought control strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 403–410.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C., & Clark, D. A. (1994). Obsessive intrusive thoughts in nonclinical subjects. Part II. Cognitive appraisal, emotional response and thought control strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 403–410.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Purdon, C., Rowa, K., & Antony, M. M. (2005). Thought suppression and its effects on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 93–108.PubMedCrossRef Purdon, C., Rowa, K., & Antony, M. M. (2005). Thought suppression and its effects on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 93–108.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2000). Paradoxical and less paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 973–995.PubMedCrossRef Rassin, E., Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2000). Paradoxical and less paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 20, 973–995.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.PubMedCrossRef Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive problems: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 571–583.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 379–391.CrossRef Shafran, R., Thordarson, D. S., & Rachman, S. (1996). Thought-action fusion in obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 10, 379–391.CrossRef
go back to reference Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Eds.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290–312). San Francisco: Josey-Bass. Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Eds.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp. 290–312). San Francisco: Josey-Bass.
go back to reference Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, R. E., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, R. E., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
go back to reference Sprinkle, S. D., Daphne, L., Insko, S. L., Atkinson, G., Jones, G. L., Logan, A. R., & Bissada, N. N. (2002). Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test–retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counseling center sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 381–385.CrossRef Sprinkle, S. D., Daphne, L., Insko, S. L., Atkinson, G., Jones, G. L., Logan, A. R., & Bissada, N. N. (2002). Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test–retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counseling center sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 381–385.CrossRef
go back to reference Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 117–128.PubMedCrossRef Steer, R. A., Ball, R., Ranieri, W. F., & Beck, A. T. (1999). Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 117–128.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Steer, R. A., Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Ranieri, W. F. (1999). Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: The BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 183–190.PubMedCrossRef Steer, R. A., Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Ranieri, W. F. (1999). Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: The BDI-II versus the BDI-IA. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 183–190.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Hamlin, C., Foa, E. B., & Synodi, D. S. (2002). Attributions for thought suppression failure in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 505–517.CrossRef Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Hamlin, C., Foa, E. B., & Synodi, D. S. (2002). Attributions for thought suppression failure in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 505–517.CrossRef
go back to reference Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Przeworski, A., & Foa, E. B. (2002). Thought suppression in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 1255–1274.PubMedCrossRef Tolin, D. F., Abramowitz, J. S., Przeworski, A., & Foa, E. B. (2002). Thought suppression in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 1255–1274.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tolin, D. F., Brady, R. E., & Hannan, S. E. (2006). Obsessive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a clinical sample. Submitted for publication. Tolin, D. F., Brady, R. E., & Hannan, S. E. (2006). Obsessive beliefs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a clinical sample. Submitted for publication.
go back to reference Tolin, D. F., Woods, C. M., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2003). Relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 657–669.CrossRef Tolin, D. F., Woods, C. M., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2003). Relationship between obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 657–669.CrossRef
go back to reference Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., & Maltby, N. (2006). Are “obsessive” beliefs specific to OCD?: A comparison across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 469–480. Tolin, D. F., Worhunsky, P., & Maltby, N. (2006). Are “obsessive” beliefs specific to OCD?: A comparison across anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 469–480.
go back to reference Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093–1104.PubMedCrossRef Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093–1104.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5–13.PubMedCrossRef Wegner, D. M., Schneider, D. J., Carter, S. R., & White, T. L. (1987). Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 5–13.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871–878.PubMedCrossRef Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The Thought Control Questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871–878.PubMedCrossRef
Metagegevens
Titel
The Relationship between Obsessive Beliefs and Thought-Control Strategies in a Clinical Sample
Auteurs
David F. Tolin
Patrick Worhunsky
Robert E. Brady
Nicholas Maltby
Publicatiedatum
01-06-2007
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2007
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-006-9072-3

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2007

Cognitive Therapy and Research 3/2007 Naar de uitgave