Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

28-11-2015 | Original Paper

The Relationship Between Different Parenting Typologies in Fathers and Mothers and Children’s Anxiety

Auteurs: Ana Beato, Ana Isabel Pereira, Luísa Barros, Peter Muris

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 5/2016

Abstract

Research on the role of parental rearing behaviors in the development of children’s anxiety problems has predominantly adopted a dimensional approach studying the effects of isolated parenting behaviors such as overprotection and rejection, while mainly focusing on the mother. Our study was set up to identify parenting typologies of both mothers and fathers, and to explore their relationship with children’s anxiety symptoms. Three-hundred-and-ninety non-clinical Portuguese children aged 8–12 years completed a self-report questionnaire on anxiety disorder symptoms, while their fathers (27–64 years of age) and mothers (24–65 years of age) filled in two scales on parental rearing behaviors as well as an index of parental anxiety. Cluster analysis revealed three parenting typologies that were similar for mothers and fathers, and were labeled as overinvolved, disengaged, and supportive parenting. Only the disengaged typology of mothers was associated with higher levels of anxiety symptoms on children. Disengaged parents and Overinvolved fathers were associated with higher levels of parental anxiety whereas overinvolved parents evidenced more anxiety/worry about the child. These results suggest that the study of parenting typologies, contextualized within a cultural background, are an invaluable approach because it can be used to explore the effects that different combinations of various parenting behaviors may have on childhood anxiety.

vorige artikel What’s so Bad About Competitive Coparenting? Family-Level Predictors of Children’s Externalizing Symptoms

volgende artikel The Role of Parental Achievement Goals in Predicting Autonomy-Supportive and Controlling Parenting

Ballash, N., Leyfer, O., Buckley, A. F., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2006). Parental control in the etiology of anxiety. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 9, 113–133. CrossRefPubMed

Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67, 3296–3319. CrossRefPubMed

Barlow, D. H. (2002). Origins of apprehension, anxiety disorders, and related disorders. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (pp. 252–291). New York: Guilford Press.

Barrett, P. M., Fox, T., & Farrell, L. J. (2005). Parent-child interactions with anxious children and with their siblings: An observational study. Behaviour Change, 22, 220–235. CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4, 1–103. CrossRef

Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349–378). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95. CrossRef

Baumrind, D., Larzelere, R. E., & Owens, E. (2010). Effects of preschool parents’ power assertive patterns and practices on adolescent development. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(3), 157–201. CrossRef

Benoit, K. (2009). The relationship between parenting style and childhood anxiety in an ethnically diverse South African sample. Unpublished master’s thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States.

Bögels, S. M., Bamelis, L., & van der Bruggen, C. O. (2008). Parental rearing as a function of parent’s own, partner’s, and child’s anxiety status: Fathers make the difference. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 522–538. CrossRef

Bögels, S. M., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. L. (2006). Family issues in child anxiety: Attachment, family functioning, parental rearing and beliefs. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 834–856. CrossRefPubMed

Bögels, S. M., & Melick, M. (2004). The relationship between child-report, parent self-report, and partner report of perceived parental rearing behaviors and anxiety in children and parents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1583–1596. CrossRef

Bögels, S. M., & Perotti, E. C. (2010). Does father know best? A formal model of the paternal influence on childhood social anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 20, 171–181. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Bögels, S. M., & Phares, V. (2008). Fathers’ role in the etiology, prevention and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 539–558. CrossRefPubMed

Breckenridge, J. (2000). Validating cluster analysis: Consistent replication and symmetry. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 35, 261–285. CrossRefPubMed

Canavarro, M. C. (1999). Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos: BSI. In M. R. Simões, M. Gonçalves, & L. S. Almeida (Eds.), Testes e provas psicológicas em Portugal (pp. 87–109). Braga: SHO/APPORT.

Canavarro, M. C., & Pereira, A. I. (2007). A avaliação dos estilos parentais educativos na perspectiva dos pais: A versão portuguesa do EMBU-P. Psicologia: Teoria Investigação e Prática, 2, 271–286.

Carlson, V. J., & Harwood, R. L. (2003). Attachment, culture, and the caregiving system: The cultural patterning of everyday experiences among Anglo and Puerto Rican mother-infant pairs. Infant Mental Health Journal, 24, 53–73. CrossRef

Caron, A., Weiss, B., Harris, V., & Catron, T. (2006). Parenting behavior dimensions and child psychopathology: Specificity, task dependency, and interactive relations. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 34–45. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cartwright-Hatton, S., McNicol, K., & Doubleday, E. (2006). Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 817–833. CrossRefPubMed

Castro, L., Pablo, J., Gomez, J., Arrindell, W. A., & Toro, J. (1997). Assessing rearing behaviour from the perspective of the parents: A new form of the EMBU. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 32, 230–235. CrossRefPubMed

SPSS. Version 22. Chicago: Author; 2013.

Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). The development of anxiety: The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 2–3. CrossRef

Cobham, V. E., Dadds, M. M., & Spence, S. H. (1999). Anxious children and their parents: What do they expect? Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 28, 220–231. CrossRefPubMed

Costello, E. J., Mustillo, S., Keller, G., & Angold, A. (2004). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. In B. L. Levin, J. Petrila, & K. D. Hennessy (Eds.), Mental health services: A public health perspective (pp. 111–128). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Dadds, M. R., Barrett, P. M., Rapee, R. M., & Ryan, S. (1996). Family process and child anxiety and aggression: An observational analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 715–734. CrossRefPubMed

Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates. ERIC digest. Champaign: ERIC clearinghouse on elementary and early childhood education. Urbana: University of Illinois.

Derogatis, L. R. (1982). Self-report measures of stress. In L. Goldberger & S. Brenznitz (Eds.), Handbook of stress. New York: Free.

Di Bartolo, P. M., & Helt, M. (2007). Theoretical models of affectionate versus affectionless control in anxious families: A critical examination based on observations of parent–child interactions. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 10(3), 253–274. CrossRef

Eley, T. C. (2001). Genetic and environmental influences. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 45–59). Oxford: Oxford University Press. CrossRef

Fliek, L., Daemen, E., Roelofs, J., & Muris, P. (2015). Rough-and-tumble play and other parental factors as correlates of anxiety symptoms in preschool children. Journal of Child and Family Studies,. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0083-5.

Gar, N. S., Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2005). Family factors and the development of anxiety disorders. In J. L. Hudson & R. M. Rapee (Eds.), Psychopathology and the family (pp. 125–145). Oxford: Elsevier. CrossRef

Gerlsma, C., Emmelkamp, P. M., & Arrindell, W. A. (1990). Anxiety, depression, and perception of early parenting: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 251–277. CrossRef

Ginsburg, G. S., Riddle, M. A., & Davies, M. (2006). Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 1179–1187. CrossRefPubMed

Grusec, J. E., & Goodnow, J. J. (1994). Impact of parental discipline methods on the child’s internalization of values: A reconceptualization of current points of view. Developmental Psychology, 30, 4–19. CrossRef

Grusec, J. E., Rudy, D., & Martini, T. (1997). Parenting cognitions and child outcomes: An overview and implications for children’s internalization of values. In J. E. Grusec & L. Kuczynski (Eds.), Parenting and children’s internalization of values: A handbook of contemporary theory (pp. 259–282). New York: Wiley.

Hirshfeld, D. R., Biederman, J., Brody, L., Faraone, S. V., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1997). Expressed emotion toward children with behavioral inhibition: Associations with maternal anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 910–917. CrossRefPubMed

Holmbeck, G., Johnson, S., Wills, K., McKernon, W., Rose, B., Erklin, S., & Kemper, T. (2002). Observed and perceived parental overprotection in relation to psychosocial adjustment in preadolescents with a physical disability: The mediational role of behavioral autonomy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 96–110. CrossRefPubMed

Hudson, J. L. (2013). Parent-child relationships in early childhood and development of anxiety & depression. In R. M. Rapee, R. E. Tremblay, M. Boivin, & P. R. DeV (Eds.), Encyclopedia on early childhood development (pp. 1–6). Montreal: Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development and Strategic Knowledge Cluster on Early Child Development.

Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2002). Parent-child interactions in clinically anxious children and their siblings. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31, 548–555. CrossRef

Kim, D., & Rohner, R. P. (2002). Parental warmth, control, and involvement in schooling predicting academic achievement among Korean American adolescents. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 127–140. CrossRef

Krohne, H. W. (1992). Developmental conditions of anxiety and coping: A two process model of child rearing effects. In K. A. Hagvet (Ed.), Advances in test anxiety research (pp. 143–155). Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

Last, C. G., Hersen, M., Kazdin, A. E., Francis, G., & Grubb, H. J. (1987). Psychiatric illness in the mothers of anxious children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1580–1583. CrossRefPubMed

Leaper, C. (2002). Parenting girls and boys. Handbook of parenting: Children and parenting (pp. 189–225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Lester, K., Field, A. P., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2012). Maternal anxiety and cognitive biases towards threat in their own and their child’s environment. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(5), 756–766. CrossRefPubMed

Luis, T., Varela, R. E., & Moore, K. (2008). Parenting practices and childhood anxiety reporting: A comparison of Mexican, Mexican American, and European American youth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 1011–1020. CrossRefPubMed

Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent - child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hethrington (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., pp. 1–101). New York: Wiley.

Mandara, J. (2003). The typological approach in child and family psychology: A review of theory, methods and research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 129–146. CrossRefPubMed

Maroco, J. (2007). Análise Estatística: com utilização do SPSS. Lisbon: Edições Sílabo.

McBride, B. A., & Mills, G. (1993). A comparison of mother and father involvement with their preschool age children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 8, 457–477. CrossRef

McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 155–172. CrossRefPubMed

Mooi, E., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). A concise guide to market research: The process, data, and methods using IBM SPSS statistics. Berlin: Springer. CrossRef

Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E., & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(3), 471–476. CrossRefPubMed

Mounts, N. S., & Steinberg, L. (1995). An ecological analysis of peer influence on adolescent grade point average and drug use. Developmental Psychology, 31, 915–922. CrossRef

Muris, P., Merckelbach, H., Schmidt, H., & Mayer, B. (1999). The revised version of the screen for child anxiety related child psychiatry disorders (SCARED-R): Factor structure in normal children. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 99–112. CrossRef

Paquette, D. (2004). Theorizing the father-child relationship: Mechanisms and developmental outcomes. Human Development, 47, 193–219. CrossRef

Parker, G. (1983). Parental ‘affectionless control’ as an antecedent to adult depression. A risk factor delineated. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 956–960. CrossRefPubMed

Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B. (1979). A parental bonding instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, 1–10. CrossRef

Pereira, A. I., Barros, L., & Beato, A. (2013). Parental anxiety and overprotection scale: A psychometric study with a sample of parents of school age-children. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 35(1), 35–55.

Pereira, A. I., Barros, L, Mendonça, D., & Muris, P. (2014). The relationships among parental anxiety, parenting, and children’s anxiety: The mediating effects of children’s cognitive vulnerabilities. Published online. Journal of Child and Family Studies.

Pereira, A. I., Barros, L, & Neves, M. (2011). The evaluation of anxiety symptomatology in the perspective of the child and the parents: The development of the Portuguese versions of SCARED- R. Actas do VIII Congresso IberoAmericano de Avaliação Psicológica/XV Conferência Internacional Avaliação Psicológica: Formas e Contextos. Lisboa: Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa.

Pereira, A. I., Canavarro, C., Cardoso, M., & Mendonça, D. (2008). Patterns of parental rearing styles and child behaviour problems among Portuguese school-aged children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 454–464. CrossRef

Quintin, P. E. (2001). Chamgements familiaux à long terme à la suite d’une intervention écosystémique. In J. Torrente (Ed.), (Org), La maltraitance—Regars pluridisciplinaires (pp. 191–214). Revigny-sur-Ornain: Hommes et Perspectives.

Radziszewska, B., Richardson, J. L., Dent, C. W., & Flay, B. R. (1996). Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms, smoking, and academic achievement: Ethnic, gender, and SES differences. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19(3), 289–305. CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. (1997). Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(1), 47–67. CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M. (2002). The development and modification of temperamental risk for anxiety disorders: Prevention of a lifetime of anxiety? Biological Psychiatry, 52, 947–957. CrossRefPubMed

Schrock, M., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2010). Reciprocal patterns of interactions in anxious families. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 32(4), 291–310. CrossRef

Steinberg, L., Lamborn, S., Darling, N., Mounts, N., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1994). Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 65, 754–770. CrossRefPubMed

Thomasgard, M., & Metz, W. P. (1993). Parental overprotection revisited. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 24, 67–80. CrossRefPubMed

Thomasgard, M., & Metz, W. P. (1997). Parental overprotection and its relation to perceived child vulnerability. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 67(2), 330–335. CrossRefPubMed

Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Epstein, L. H. (1991). Vulnerability and risk for anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 5, 151–166. CrossRef

Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., Roberson-Nay, R., & Tervo, K. (2003). Parenting behaviors in parents with anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 541–554. CrossRefPubMed

van der Bruggen, C. O., Stams, G., & Bögels, S. M. (2008). Research review: The relation between child and parent anxiety and parental control: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 1257–1269. CrossRefPubMed

Verhoeven, M., Bögels, S., & van der Bruggen, C. (2012). Unique roles of mothering and fathering in child anxiety: Moderation by child’s age and gender. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21(2), 331–343. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Weiss, L. H., & Schwarz, J. C. (1996). The relationships between parenting types and older adolescents’ personality, academic achievement, adjustment and substance use. Child Development, 67, 2101–2114. CrossRefPubMed

Weissman, M. M., Feder, A., Pilowsky, D. J., Olfson, M., Fuentes, M., Blanco, C., & Shea, S. (2004). Depressed mothers coming to primary care: Maternal reports of problems with their children. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78, 93–100. CrossRefPubMed

Whaley, S. E., Pinto, A., & Sigman, M. (1999). Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 826–836. CrossRefPubMed

Wood, J. J. (2006). Parental intrusiveness and children’s separation anxiety in a clinical sample. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 37, 73–87. CrossRefPubMed

Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W. C., & Chu, B. C. (2003). Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 134–151. CrossRefPubMed

Woodruff-Borden, J., Morrow, C., Bourland, S., & Cambron, S. (2002). The behavior of anxious parents: Examining mechanisms of transmission of anxiety from parent to child. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 31(3), 364–374. CrossRef

Titel: The Relationship Between Different Parenting Typologies in Fathers and Mothers and Children’s Anxiety
Auteurs: Ana Beato
Ana Isabel Pereira
Luísa Barros
Peter Muris
Publicatiedatum: 28-11-2015
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 5/2016
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0337-x

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2016

Outpatient Clinic Identification of Trauma Symptoms in Children in Foster Care

Conceptualizing and Measuring Safe, Stable, Nurturing Relationships and Environments in Educational Settings

A Protective Factor Against Mental Health Problems in Youths? A Critical Note on the Assessment of Self-Compassion

Erratum to: Parents, Peers, and Places: Young Urban Adolescents’ Microsystems and Substance Use Involvement

The Indirect Effect of Early Experiences on Deliberate Self-Harm in Adolescence: Mediation by Negative Emotional States and Moderation by Daily Peer Hassles

Adolescents’ Disclosure and Secrecy About Peer Behavior: Links with Cyber Aggression, Relational Aggression, and Overt Aggression