Top

Gepubliceerd in:

18-05-2020 | Original Article

The Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder After Accounting for Comorbidities and Personality Traits

Auteurs: Amelia D. Serine, Bradley Rosenfield, Robert A. DiTomasso, Jennifer M. Collins, Anthony L. Rostain, J. Russell Ramsay

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 5/2020

Abstract

Background

This study examined the association between cognitive distortions and ADHD severity after accounting for depression, anxiety, and personality traits.

Methods

Archival data were collected on 112 adult participants diagnosed with ADHD after an extensive assessment, which included inventories measuring mood, anxiety, and personality traits. Pearson correlations were used to assess the associations of ADHD and these comorbid variables. Regression analyses assessed the contribution of predictor comorbid variables to hypothesized associations with ADHD.

Results

Results indicated that the relationship between cognitive distortions and ADHD symptom severity was no longer statistically significant once mood, anxiety, and personality traits were taken into consideration.

Conclusions

These findings illuminate the complex role of cognitive distortions, comorbidities, and personality traits in the presentation of adult ADHD. As such, this study has clinical and conceptual relevance for understanding the role, candidate mechanisms, and therapeutic targets of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD, particularly the cognitive component.

vorige artikel A Randomized Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Traditional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Self-Help Books for Social Anxiety

volgende artikel The Effects of Affective Expectations on Experience in Individuals Varying in Anhedonia

Abramovitch, A., & Schweiger, A. (2009). Unwanted intrusive and worrisome thoughts in adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 168(3), 230–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.004.CrossRefPubMed

Adler, L., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T. J., & Kessler, R. C. (2017). The structure of adult ADHD. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 26, e1555. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1555.CrossRefPubMedCentral

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.CrossRef

Antshel, K. M., Hier, B., & Barkley, R. A. (2014). Executive functioning theory and ADHD. In S. Goldstein & J. A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of executive functioning (pp. 107–120). New York: Springer Science & Business Media.CrossRef

Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2019). Hyperactive child syndrome and estimated life expectancy at young adult follow-up: The role of adult ADHD persistence and other potential predictors. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 907–923. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054718816164.CrossRefPubMed

Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Fischer, M. (2008). ADHD in adults: What the science says. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., & Freeman, A. (Eds.). (2015). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Beck anxiety inventory: Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc.

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996a). Comparison of Beck depression inventories- IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 588–597. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13.CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. (1996b). Beck depression inventory manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T. J., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Aleardi, M. (2006). Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: A controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 524–540.CrossRef

Brown, T. A., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1992). Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(92)90093-V.CrossRefPubMed

Brown, T. E. (1996). Brown attention deficit disorder scales manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.

Brown, T. E. (2013). A new understanding of ADHD in children and adults: Executive function impairments. New York, NY: Routledge.CrossRef

Brown, T. E. (2019). Brown executive function/attention scales manual. Bloomington, MN: Pearson.

Brown, T. E., & Whiteside, A. (2003). The Brown attention deficit disorder scales. Occupational Psychology, Employment Disability, 5, 29–31.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.CrossRef

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO personality inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

Cumyn, L., French, L., & Hechtman, L. (2009). Comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 673–683. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905401004.CrossRefPubMed

Dittner, A. J., Hodsoll, J., Rimes, K. A., Russell, A. J., & Chalder, T. (2018). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A proof of concept randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 137, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12836.CrossRefPubMed

Eddy, L. D., Dvorsky, M. R., Molitor, S., Bourchtein, E., Smith, Z., Oddo, L. E., … Langberg, J.M. (2015). Longitudinal evaluation of the cognitive-behavioral model of ADHD in a sample of college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22, 323–333. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715616184.

Emilsson, M., Gustafsson, P., Öhnström, G., & Marteinsdottir, I. (2020). Impact of personality on adherence to and beliefs about ADHD medication, and perceptions of ADHD in adolescents. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02543-x.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Faraone, S. V., & Antshel, K. M. (2014). ADHD: Nonpharmacologic interventions. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23, 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.06.003.CrossRef

Faraone, S. V., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Biederman, J., Buitelaar, J. K., Ramor-Ouiroga, J. A., et al. (2015). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nature Reviews, 1, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.20.CrossRef

First, M. B., Williams, J. B. W., Karg, R. S., & Spitzer, R. L. (2016). Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders: Clinician version. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.

Gomez, R., & Corr, P. J. (2014). ADHD and personality: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 376–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.002.CrossRefPubMed

Jacob, C. P., Romanos, J., Dempfle, A., Heine, M., Windemuth-Kieselbach, C., Kruse, A., … Lesch, K. P. (2007). Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257, 309–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-007-0722-6.

Kessler, R. C., Adler, L. A., Barkley, R. A., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 716–723. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.716.

Knouse, L. E., Mitchell, J. T., Kimbrel, N. A., & Anastopoulos, A. D. (2019). Development and evaluation of the ADHD cognitions scale for adults. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 1090–1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054717707580.CrossRefPubMed

Knouse, L. E., Zvorsky, I., & Safren, S. A. (2013). Depression in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The mediating role of cognitive-behavioral factors. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 1220–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9569-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lapointe, M.-L. B., Blanchette, I., Duclos, M., Langlois, F., Provencher, M. D., & Tremblay, S. (2013). Attentional bias, distractibility and short-term memory in anxiety. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 26, 293–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2012.687722.CrossRef

Lücke, C., Lam, A. P., Müller, H. H. O., & Philipsen, A. (2017). New psychotherapeutic approaches in adult ADHD: Acknowledging biographical factors. Journal of Neurology & Neuromedicine, 2(7), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.29245/2572.942X/2017/7.1138.CrossRef

Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (2005). Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disorders. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 167–195. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143916.CrossRefPubMed

McGough, J. J., Smalley, S. L., McCracken, J. T., Yang, M., Del’Homme, M., Lynn, D. E., et al. (2005). Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Findings from multiplex families. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1621–1627. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1621.CrossRefPubMed

Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L., & Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(90)90135-6.CrossRefPubMed

Miklósi, M., Máté, O., Somogyi, K., & Szabó, M. (2016). Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and well-being: The role of early maladaptive schemata. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 204, 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000472.CrossRefPubMed

Miller, C. J., Miller, S. R., Newcorn, J. H., & Halperin, J. M. (2008). Personality characteristics associated with persistent ADHD in late adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-007-9167-7.CrossRefPubMed

Mitchell, J. T., Benson, J. W., Knouse, L. E., Kimbrel, N. A., & Anastopoulos, A. D. (2013). Are negative automatic thoughts associated with ADHD in adulthood? Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 851–859. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-013-9525-4.CrossRef

Molina, S., & Borkovec, T. D. (1994). The Penn State Worry Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and associated characteristics. In G. Davey & F. Tallis (Eds.), Worrying: Perspectives on theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 265–283). New York, NY: Wiley

Nigg, J. T., John, O. P., Blaskey, L. G., Huang-Pollock, C. L., Willcut, E. G., Hinshaw, S. P., et al. (2002). Big five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: Links between personality traits and clinical symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.451.CrossRefPubMed

Oddo, L. E., Knouse, L. E., Surman, C. B. H., & Safren, S. A. (2016). Investigating resilience to depression in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22, 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716636937.CrossRefPubMed

Parker, J. D., Majeski, S. A., & Collin, V. T. (2004). ADHD symptoms and personality: Relationships with the five-factor model. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 977–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00166-1.CrossRef

Philipsen, A., Lam, A. P., Breit, S., Lücke, C., Müller, H. H., & Matthies, S. (2017). Early maladaptive schemas in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 9, 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-016-0211-.CrossRefPubMed

Ramsay, J. R. (2017). The relevance of cognitive distortions in the psychosocial treatment of adult ADHD. Professional Psychology, 48, 62–69. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000101.CrossRef

Ramsay, J. R. (2020). Rethinking adult ADHD: Helping clients turn intentions into actions. American Psychological Association.

Ramsay, J. R., Rosenfield, B., & Harris, L. (2011). Assessment of psychiatric status and personality qualities. In S. Goldstein, J. Naglieri, & M. DeVries (Eds.), Managing attention and learning disorders in late adolescence and adulthood: A guide for practitioners (pp. 189–207). Hoboken: Wiley.

Ramsay, J. R., & Rostain, A. L. (2006). Issues in ADHD in adults. The ADHD Report, 14(6), 5–8.CrossRef

Ramsay, J. R., & Rostain, A. L. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: An integrative psychosocial and medical approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge.

Reimherr, F. W., Roesler, M., Marchant, B. K., Gift, T. E., Retz, W., Phillipp-Wiegmann, F., et al. (2020). Types of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A replication analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19m13077.CrossRefPubMed

Robin, A. L., Tzelepis, A., & Bedway, M. (2008). A cluster analysis of personality style in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054708316252.CrossRefPubMed

Rosenfield, B. M., Ramsay, J. R., & Rostain, A. (2008). Extreme makeover: The case of a young man with severe ADHD. Clinical Case Studies, 7, 471–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650108319912.CrossRef

Safren, S. A., Sprich, S. E., Perlman, C. A., & Otto, M. W. (2017). Mastering your adult ADHD: A cognitive-behavioral treatment program (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Saulsman, L. M., & Page, A. C. (2004). The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 23, 1055–1085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2002.09.001.CrossRefPubMed

Sobanski, E. (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-006-1004-4.CrossRef

Solanto, M. V. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: Targeting executive dysfunction. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Stanton, K., & Watson, D. (2016). Adult ADHD: Associations with personality and other psychopathology. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9519-5.CrossRef

Steinberg, E. A., & Drabick, D. A. (2015). A developmental psychopathology perspective on ADHD and comorbid conditions: The role of emotion regulation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 46, 951–966. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-015-0534-2.CrossRefPubMed

Sternat, T., & Katzman, M. A. (2016). Neurobiology of hedonic tone: The relationship between treatment-resistant depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and substance abuse. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 12, 2149–2164. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S111818.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Strohmeier, C. W., Rosenfield, B., DiTomasso, R. A., & Ramsay, J. R. (2016). Assessment of the relationship between self-reported cognitive distortions and adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Psychiatry Research, 238, 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.034.CrossRefPubMed

Torrente, F., López, P., Prado, D., Kichic, R., Cetkovich-Bakmas, M., Lischinsky, A., et al. (2014). Dysfunctional cognitions and their emotional, behavioral, and functional correlates in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Is the cognitive-behavioral model valid? Journal of Attention Disorders, 18, 412–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712443153.CrossRefPubMed

Vasey, M. W., & MacLeod, C. (2001). Information-processing factors in childhood anxiety: A review and developmental perspective. In M. W. Vasey & M. R. Dadds (Eds.), The developmental psychopathology of anxiety (pp. 253–277). New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Volkow, N. D., & Swanson, J. M. (2013). Clinical practice: Adult attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(20), 1935–1944. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1212625.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wanta, J. W., Niforatos, J. D., Durbak, E., Viguera, A., & Altinay, M. (2019). Mental health diagnoses among transgender patients in the clinical setting: An all-payer electronic health record study. Transgender Health, 4, 313–315. https://doi.org/10.1089/trgh.2019.0029.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Widiger, T. A., & Costa, P. T. (2013). Personality disorders and the Five-Factor Model of personality: Rationale for the third edition. In T. A. Widiger & P. T. Costa (Eds.), Personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality (3rd ed., pp. 3–11). Baltimore, MD: American Psychological Association.CrossRef

Weissman, A. N., & Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Chicago, IL.

Young, S., & Bramham, J. (2012). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for ADHD in adolescents and adults: A psychological guide to practice (2nd ed.). Hoboken: Wiley.CrossRef

Yurica, C. (2002). Inventory of Cognitive Distortions: Validation of a psychometric instrument for the measurement of cognitive distortions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Digital Commons.

Yurica, C., & DiTomasso, R. (2002). Inventory of Cognitive Distortions. In Yurica, C. (2002). Inventory of cognitive distortions: Validation of a psychometric test for the measurement of cognitive distortions (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine Digital Commons.

Titel: The Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder After Accounting for Comorbidities and Personality Traits
Auteurs: Amelia D. Serine
Bradley Rosenfield
Robert A. DiTomasso
Jennifer M. Collins
Anthony L. Rostain
J. Russell Ramsay
Publicatiedatum: 18-05-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 5/2020
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-020-10115-2

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 5/2020

Cognitive Motivations for the Initiation of Ritualistic Hand Washing in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Improving Positive Life Event Predictions through Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Standards for Socially-and Achievement-Oriented Roles in Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety Sensitivity on Mental Health Among Public Safety Personnel: When the Uncertain is Unavoidable

The Effects of Affective Expectations on Experience in Individuals Varying in Anhedonia

Affect Recall Bias: Being Resilient by Distorting Reality