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07-01-2022 | Original Article

The Relation Between Worry and Mental Health in Nonclinical Population and Individuals with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Auteurs: Andreea Vîslă, Céline Stadelmann, Edward Watkins, Richard E. Zinbarg, Christoph Flückiger

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 3/2022

Abstract

Background

Although worry is well-known to share a robust relationship with psychopathology, whether this association is higher in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) versus other anxiety disorders and depressive disorder, and clinical versus nonclinical populations is unclear.

Methods

We conducted a meta-analysis in which the association between worry and various mental health indicators was quantitatively summarized using a random-effects model; additionally, several moderators were tested.

Results

Results synthesizing data from 120 correlational studies (138 independent samples) conducted over the past 35 years indicate a strong association between worry and poor mental health (r = .53) but also high heterogeneity. This association was not systematically impacted by the study population or whether individuals had a diagnosis of GAD or major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants’ age and how worry and mental health were measured moderated this association.

Conclusions

The main findings suggest that (1) worry is strongly associated with poor mental health, (2) worry is associated with poor mental health even outside of GAD and clinical populations included in the current meta-analysis, and (3) there are differences in this association across the lifespan. Overall, the results from this meta-analysis support earlier calls for intense worry to be assessed and treated, regardless of whether the individual has a diagnosis of GAD or MDD.

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We initially aimed to review experimental studies in which induced worry was contrasted to a neutral induction group in a separate analysis. We identified three experimental studies that met all our inclusion criteria (i.e., Llera & Newman, 2010, 2014; McLaughlin et al., 2007). Because of the low number of studies, we were not able to get a meta-analytic estimate for these studies. Moreover, we decided to not consider these studies in the omnibus analysis computed on observational studies based on the differences in the study design and worry dimensions being assessed (Ruscio & Borkovec, 2004).

Other worry measures that were used in less than five samples per measure.

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Titel: The Relation Between Worry and Mental Health in Nonclinical Population and Individuals with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
Auteurs: Andreea Vîslă
Céline Stadelmann
Edward Watkins
Richard E. Zinbarg
Christoph Flückiger
Publicatiedatum: 07-01-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 3/2022
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10288-4

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