Top

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

09-02-2022 | Original Paper

The Relation between Parent Mental Health and Child Internalizing Symptoms in Parent–Child Interaction Therapy

Auteurs: Kristen M. McCabe, Argero Zerr, Mariah Cook, Lindsey Ringlee, May Yeh

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies | Uitgave 8/2022

Abstract

The present study evaluated whether families receiving Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) experienced significant improvements in both parent and child internalizing symptoms, and if so, whether the relationship between improvement in child externalizing symptoms and internalizing symptoms was mediated by reductions in parenting stress and parent depressive symptoms. Participants were an ethnically diverse sample of 72 families with 2–7-year-old children experiencing clinically significant externalizing symptoms who were assigned to receive a version of PCIT in one of two previously conducted clinical trials designed to evaluate culturally modified versions of PCIT. Analyses revealed that parent-reported child internalizing symptoms, parenting stress, and parent depressive symptoms improved significantly from pre to post treatment in PCIT. Additionally, the relation between child externalizing improvement and internalizing improvement was mediated through reduction in parenting stress, but not parent depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that ethnically diverse children are likely to experience significant improvement in co-occurring externalizing and internalizing symptoms following PCIT. Furthermore, decreases in parenting stress may play a role in the improvement of child internalizing symptoms.

volgende artikel Evaluation of an Integrated Parenting Intervention Targeting Maternal Depression: Effects on Parent Attributions of Child Behaviors

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index, third edition: professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.

Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2000). Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families.

Anthony, L. G., Anthony, B. J., Glanville, D. N., Naiman, D. Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The relationships between parenting stress, parenting behaviour and preschoolers’ social competence and behaviour problems in the classroom. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.385. CrossRef

Baker, C. N., Arnold, D. H., & Meagher, S. M. (2011). Enrollment and attendance in a parent training prevention program for conduct problems. Prevention Science, 12(2), 126–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-010-0187-0. CrossRefPubMed

Beck, A. T. & Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory. Psychological Corporation.

Bernal, G., & Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2009). Advances in Latino family research: cultural adaptations of evidence-based interventions. Family Process, 48(2), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01275.x. CrossRefPubMed

Bonicatto, S., Dew, A. M., & Soria, J. J. (1998). Analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Beck Depression Inventory in Argentina. Psychiatry Research, 79(3), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1781(98)00047-X. CrossRefPubMed

Borum, R. (2000). Assessing violence risk among youth. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(10), 1263–1288. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(200010)56:10<1263::aid-jclp3>3.0.co;2-d. CrossRefPubMed

Boyle, M. H., Offord, D. R., Racine, Y. A., Fleming, J. E., Szatmari, P., & Links, P. S. (1993). Predicting substance use in early adolescence based on parent and teacher assessments of childhood psychiatric disorder: results from the Ontario Child Health Study follow-up. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(4), 535–544. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01034.x. CrossRefPubMed

Carpenter, A. L., Puliafico, A. C., Kurtz, S. M., Pincus, D. B., & Comer, J. S. (2014). Extending Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for early childhood internalizing problems: new advances for an overlooked population. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(4), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-014-0172-4. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cash, S. J., & Bridge, J. A. (2009). Epidemiology of youth suicide and suicidal behavior. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 21(5), 613–619. https://doi.org/10.1097/mop.0b013e32833063e1. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Chase, R. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2008). Clinical presentation and treatment outcome for children with comorbid externalizing and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 273–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.006. CrossRefPubMed

Comer, J. S., Puliafico, A. C., Aschenbrand, S. G., McKnight, K., Robin, J. A., Goldfine, M. E., & Albano, A. M. (2012). A pilot feasibility evaluation of the CALM Program for anxiety disorders in early childhood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.08.011. CrossRefPubMed

Costa, N. M., Weems, C. F., Pellerin, K., & Dalton, R. (2006). Parenting stress and childhood psychopathology: an examination of specificity to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 28(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-006-7489-3. CrossRef

Cree, R. A., Bitsko, R. H., Robinson, L. R., Holbrook, J. R., Danielson, M. L., Smith, C., Kaminsky, J. W., Kenney, M. K., & Peacock, G. (2018). Health care, family, and community factors associated with mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders and poverty among children aged 2–8 years. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(50), 1377–1383. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6750a1. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dollberg, D. G., Hanetz Gamliel, K., & Levy, S. (2021). Mediating and moderating links between coparenting, parental mentalization, parents’ anxiety, and children’s behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(3), 324–334. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000728.

Dunsmore, J. C., Booker, J. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2013). Parental emotion coaching and child emotion regulation as protective factors for children with oppositional defiant disorder. Social Development, 22(3), 444–466. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00652.x. CrossRef

Eisenstadt, T. H., Eyberg, S., McNeil, C. B., Newcomb, K., & Funderburk, B. (1993). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with behavior problem children: relative effectiveness of two stages and overall treatment outcome. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2201_4. CrossRef

Eyberg, S. M., & Funderburk, B. (2011). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Protocol. Gainesville, FL: PCIT International.

Eyberg, S. M., & Pincus, D. (1999) Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory and Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory: Professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.

Fernandez, M. A., Butler, A. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2011). Treatment outcome for low socioeconomic status African American families in parent-child interaction therapy: a pilot study. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 33(1), 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2011.545011. CrossRef

Garcia-Tornel, S., Calzada, E. J., Eyberg, S. M., Alguacil, J. M., Serra, C. V., Mendoza, C. B., & Domenech, A. T. (1998). Inventario Eyberg del Comportamiento en Niños: Normalización de la versión española y su utilidad para el pediatra extrahospitalario. Anales Españoles de Pediatria, 48, 475–482.

Ghandour, R. M., Sherman, L. J., Vladutiu, C. J., Ali, M. M., Lynch, S. E., Bitsko, R. H., & Blumberg, S. J. (2019). Prevalence and treatment of depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in U.S. children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 206, 256–267.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.09.021.

Gunlicks, M. L., & Weissman, M. M. (2008). Change in child psychopathology with improvement in parental depression: a systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(4), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1097/chi.0b013e3181640805. CrossRef

Higa-McMillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2015). Evidence base update: 50 years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(2), 91–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1046177. CrossRef

Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R., Masek, B., Henin, A., Blakely, L. R., Pollock-Wurman, R. A., McQuade, J., DePetrillo, L., Briesch, J., Ollendick, T. H., Rosenbaum, J. F., & Biederman, J. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for 4- to 7-year-old children with anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(4), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019055. CrossRefPubMed

Kaminski, J. W., & Claussen, A. H. (2017). Evidence base update for psychosocial treatments for disruptive behaviors in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46(4), 477–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1310044. CrossRef

King, S. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2004). Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use. Addiction, 99(12), 1548–1559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00893.x. CrossRefPubMed

Lenze, S. N., Pautsch, J., & Luby, J. (2011). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy emotion development: a novel treatment for depression in preschool children. Depression and Anxiety, 28(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20770. CrossRefPubMed

Luby, J. L. (2013). Treatment of anxiety and depression in the preschool period. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(4), 346–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.01.011. CrossRef

Luby, J. L., Barch, D. M., Whalen, D., Tillman, R., & Freedland, K. E. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of parent-child psychotherapy targeting emotion development for early childhood depression. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(11), 1102–1110. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18030321. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Luby, J., Lenze, S., & Tillman, R. (2012). A novel early intervention for preschool depression: Findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53(3), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02483. CrossRefPubMed

MacKinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17(2), 144–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193841x9301700202. CrossRef

MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39(1), 99–128. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3901_4. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30(1), 41–62. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr3001_3. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Marchand, J. F., Hock, E., & Widaman, K. (2002). Mutual relations between mothers’ depressive symptoms and hostile-controlling behavior and young children’s externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 2(4), 335–353. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0204_01. CrossRef

Matos, M., Bauermeister, J. J., & Bernal, G. (2009). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Puerto Rican preschool children with ADHD and behavior problems: a pilot efficacy study. Family Process, 48(2), 232–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01279.x. CrossRefPubMed

McCabe, K., & Yeh, M. (2009). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Mexican Americans: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 38(5), 753–759. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410903103544. CrossRef

McCabe, K. M., Yeh, M., Garland, A. F., Lau, A. S., & Chavez, G. (2005). The GANA program: a tailoring approach to adapting Parent Child Interaction Therapy for Mexican Americans. Education and Treatment of Children, 28(2), 111–129.

McCabe, K. M., Yeh, M., & Zerr, A. (2019). MY PCIT: a personalized version of PCIT for culturally diverse families. Invited keynote address to the biennial PCIT conference, Chicago, IL.

McCabe, K., Yeh, M., & Zerr, A. (2020). The case for personalizing behavioral parent training interventions to improve treatment engagement and outcomes for culturally diverse families. Psychological Research and Behavior Management, 13, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S230005. CrossRef

McNeil, C. B., Capage, L. C., Bahl, A., & Blanc, H. (1999). Importance of early intervention for disruptive behavior problems: comparison of treatment and waitlist-control groups. Early Education and Development, 10(4), 445–454. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1004_2. CrossRef

McNeil, C. B., Hembree-Kigin, T. L. (2010). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (2nd ed.) Springer Science + Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-88639-8.

Mian, N. D., Godoy, L., Eisenhower, A. S., Heberle, A. E., & Carter, A. S. (2016). Prevention services for externalizing and anxiety symptoms in low-income children: the role of parent preferences in early childhood. Prevention Science, 17(1), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0601-8. CrossRefPubMed

Miller, L. M., Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Allin, Jr, R. B. (2008). Who stays in treatment? Child and family predictors of youth client retention in a public mental health agency. Child & Youth Care Forum, 37(4), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-008-9058-2. CrossRef

Miranda, J., Bernal, G., Lau, A., Kohn, L., Hwang, W.-C., & LaFromboise, T. (2005). State of the science on psychosocial interventions for ethnic minorities. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 113–142. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143822. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Monga, S., Young, A., & Owens, M. (2009). Evaluating a cognitive behavioral therapy group program for anxious five- to seven-year-old children: a pilot study. Depression and Anxiety, 26(3), 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20551. CrossRefPubMed

Parra Cardona, J. R., Domenech, R. M., Forgatch, M., Sullivan, C., Bybee, D., Holtrop, K., Escobar, C. A. R., Tams, L., Dates, B., & Bernal, G. (2012). Culturally adapting an evidence‐based parenting intervention for Latino immigrants: the need to integrate fidelity and cultural relevance. Family Process, 51(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01386.x. CrossRefPubMed

Pincus, D. B., Santucci, L. C., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Eyberg, S. M. (2008). The implementation of modified Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for youth with separation anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15(2), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2007.08.002. CrossRef

Porche, M. V., Fortuna, L. R., Lin, J., & Alegria, M. (2011). Childhood trauma and psychiatric disorders as correlates of school dropout in a national sample of young adults. Child Development, 82(3), 982–998. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01534.x. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ramos, G., Blizzard, A. M., Barroso, N. E., & Bagner, D. M. (2018). Parent training and skill acquisition and utilization among Spanish and English-speaking Latino families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(1), 268–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0881-7. CrossRefPubMed

Rapee, R. M., Kennedy, S., Ingram, M., Edwards, S., & Sweeney, L. (2005). Prevention and early intervention of anxiety disorders in inhibited preschool children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 488–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.488. CrossRefPubMed

Reid, M. J., Webster-Stratton, C., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2001). Parent training in Head Start: a comparison of program response among African American, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic mothers. Prevention Science, 2(4), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013618309070. CrossRefPubMed

Reyno, S. M., & McGrath, P. J. (2006). Predictors of parent training efficacy for child externalizing behavior problem–a meta-analytic review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(1), 99–111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01544.x. CrossRefPubMed

Reynolds, S., Wilson, C., Austin, J., & Hooper, L. (2012). Effects of psychotherapy for anxiety in children and adolescents: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(4), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.005. CrossRefPubMed

Ross, C. N., Blanc, H. M., McNeil, C. B., Eyberg, S. M., & Hembree-Kigin, T. L. (1998). Parenting stress in mothers of young children with oppositional defiant disorder and other severe behavior problems. Child Study Journal, 28(2), 93–110.

Rothenberg, W. A., Di Giunta, L., Lansford, J. E., Lunetti, C., Fiasconaro, I., Basili, E., Thartori, E., Favini, A., Pastorelli, C., Eisenberg, N., Amico, F. D., Rosa, M., & Cirimele, F. (2019). Daily associations between emotions and aggressive and depressive symptoms in adolescence: the mediating and moderating role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(11), 2207–2221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01071-6. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Rubio-Stipec, M., Bird, H., Canino, G., & Gould, M. (1990). The internal consistency and concurrent validity of a Spanish translation of the Child Behavior Checklist. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18(4), 393–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00917642. CrossRefPubMed

Scheeringa, M. S., Weems, C. F., Cohen, J. A., Amaya-Jackson, L., & Guthrie, D. (2010). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in three-through six year-old children: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(8), 853–860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02354.x. CrossRefPubMed

Shaw, D. S., Connell, A., Dishion, T. J., Wilson, M. N., & Gardner, F. (2009). Improvements in maternal depression as a mediator of intervention effects on early childhood problem behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 21(2), 417–439. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000236. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Sobel, M. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociological Methodology, 13, 290–312. https://doi.org/10.2307/270723. CrossRef

Solis, M. L., & Abidin, R. R. (1991). The Spanish version Parenting Stress Index: a psychometric study. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 20(4), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_5. CrossRef

Stone, L. L., Mares, S. H. W., Otten, R., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Janssens, J. M. A. M. (2016). The co-development of parenting stress and childhood internalizing and externalizing problems. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(1), 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9500-3. CrossRefPubMed

Thomas, R., Abell, B., Webb, H. J., Avdagic, E., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2017). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 140(3), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0352. CrossRef

Timmer, S. G., Ho, L. K. L., Urquiza, A. J., Zebell, N. M., Fernandez y Garcia, E., & Boys, D. (2011). The effectiveness of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy with depressive mothers: the changing relationship as the agent of individual change. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 42(4), 406–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-011-0226-5. CrossRefPubMed

van Mourik, K., Crone, M. R., de Wolff, M. S., & Reis, R. (2016). Parent training programs for ethnic minorities: a meta-analysis of adaptations and effect. Prevention Science, 18(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-016-0733-5. CrossRefPubMedCentral

Ward, M. A., Theule, J., & Cheung, K. (2016). Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for child disruptive behaviour disorders: a meta-analysis. Child and Youth Care Forum, 45(5), 675–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-016-9350-5. CrossRef

Weisz, J. R., McCarty, C. A., & Valeri, S. M. (2006). Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(1), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.1.132. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Whaley, S. E., Pinto, A., & Sigman, M. (1999). Characterizing interactions between anxious mothers and their children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 826–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.826. CrossRefPubMed

Wickramaratne, P., Gameroff, M. J., Pilowsky, D. J., Hughes, C. W., Garber, J., Malloy, E., King, C., Cerda, G., Sood, A. B., Alpert, J. E., Trivedi, M. H., Fava, M., Rush, A. J., Wisniewski, S., & Weissman, M. M. (2011). Children of depressed mothers 1 year after remission of maternal depression: findings from the STARD-Child study. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(6), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010032. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Woodruff-Borden, J., Morrow, C., Bourland, S., & Cambron, S. (2002). The behavior of anxious parents: examining mechanisms of transmission of anxiety from parent to child. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(3), 364–374. https://doi.org/10.1207/153744202760082621. CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization. (2003). Investing in mental health. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42823.

Titel: The Relation between Parent Mental Health and Child Internalizing Symptoms in Parent–Child Interaction Therapy
Auteurs: Kristen M. McCabe
Argero Zerr
Mariah Cook
Lindsey Ringlee
May Yeh
Publicatiedatum: 09-02-2022
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Child and Family Studies / Uitgave 8/2022
Print ISSN: 1062-1024
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02254-9

Mijn bibliotheek

Shop

Tips voor Mijn BSL

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

The Relation between Parent Mental Health and Child Internalizing Symptoms in Parent–Child Interaction Therapy

Abstract

Mijn bibliotheek

Shop

Tips voor Mijn BSL

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 8/2022

A Pilot Study of a Co-parenting Intervention for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

What can we Learn from the Experience of Non-Responders to a Parent-Only Intervention for Childhood Anxiety?

Development and Validation of a Short-Form Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale: Me as a Parent Scale (MaaPs-SF)

Multi-Informant Assessment of High-Achieving Students’ Behavioral and Emotional Strengths

A Preliminary Test of a Brief Online Intervention for Enhancing Parental Reflective Function and the Role of Parental Depressive Symptoms

Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Stress, and Family Support on Children’s Physical and Emotional Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic