Introduction
Anger Coping and Health: The Dichotomous Approach
Anger Coping and Health: A Multidimensional Approach
Anger and coping from a Developmental Perspective
Anger coping and Health: Empirical Evidence from Child studies
The Present Study
Materials and Methods
Participants
Materials
The Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire (BARQ)
The Mood list for children (De Stemmingslijst voor kinderen)
The Somatic Complaint List (SCL; Somatiek Index)
Procedure
Results
Psychometric properties of the BARQ-C
Item wording | Factor Loading UKa/NLb
|
---|---|
Direct Anger-out | |
In an angry way I tell the person who made me angry exactly how I feel
| .–/.– |
I say something nasty to the person who made me angry | 0.64/0.71 |
I use strong gestures (for example, make a fist, wave my arms, or give a hand sign) | 0.60/0.74 |
I swear, or curse at the person who made me angry | 0.65/0.79 |
I hit or push the person who made me angry | 0.69/0.79 |
I express my anger by slamming a door, or hitting something | 0.58/0.41 |
I shout | 0.68/0.39 |
Assertion | |
I wait until I am calm again and then talk to the person who made me angry | 0.37/0.51 |
I carefully think it over and then tell the person who made me angry how I feel | 0.64/0.75 |
In a In a calm voice, I tell the person who made me angry how I honestly feel | 0.66/0.64 |
I try to understand what happened, so I can explain things to the person who made me angry | 0.74/0.72 |
I stay calm, and I try to talk about the problem with the person who made me angry | 0.72/0.64 |
I leave the situation in order to calm down, and then try to solve the problem | 0.40/0.37 |
Item wording | Factor Loading UKa/NLb
|
Social support-seeking | |
I do not show my anger but I talk about what happened with someone afterwards | .–/0.58 |
I leave the situation and look for someone who will agree with me | .–/0.63 |
I leave the situation, find someone to listen to my story, and ask for advice | .–/0.64 |
I think about the problem first and then talk about it with someone | .–/0.56 |
I leave the situation and call a friend or family member to tell him/her how I feel | .–/0.55 |
Even without planning it, I usually end up talking about my feelings with someone | .–/0.63 |
Diffusion | |
I get rid of my anger by playing music, writing, or painting | .–/0.66 |
I just keep busy, until I stop feeling angry | 0.54/0.63 |
I work off my anger by doing some sport | 0.53/.– |
I stay on my own to get rid of my anger | .–/0.52 |
I simply get very busy with other things to get rid of my anger | 0.71/0.59 |
I work off my anger by doing something else, like playing on the computer | 0.66/0.55 |
Avoidance | |
I tell myself that what happened is not important. | 0.56/0.65 |
I try to forget what happened | 0.32/0.64 |
I put what happened out of my mind | 0.38/0.36 |
I do not want to have to cause trouble, so I keep my feelings to myself | .–/.– |
I just wait to feel better | .–/.– |
I try to keep busy so I can forget about what happened | .–/0.31 |
Rumination | |
I try to understand why I got upset
| .–/.– |
I imagine how I could get even with the person who made me angry
| .–/.– |
I keep thinking about what I wish I had done, but didn’t do | 0.47/0.65 |
I find it hard to stop thinking about what happened | 0.70/0.65 |
I am upset for a long time after this kind of situation | 0.70/0.56 |
In my mind, I go over the situation that made me angry again and again | 0.67/.64 |
Questionnaire | No. of items | UK | NL | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cronbach’s alpha | Inter-item correlation | Cronbach’s alpha | Inter-item correlation | ||
BARQ-C corrected scales | |||||
Direct Anger-out | 6 | 0.78 (0.81) | 0.38 (0.41) | 0.80 (0.80) | 0.40 (0.41) |
Assertion | 6 | 0.76 (0.77) | 0.34 (0.36) | 0.77 (0.81) | 0.35 (0.41) |
Social support-seeking | 6 | 0.65 (0.71) | 0.23 (0.29) | 0.74 (0.73) | 0.32 (0.31) |
Diffusion | 6 | 0.54 (0.62) | 0.17 (0.22) | 0.61 (0.62) | 0.21 (0.22) |
Avoidance | 6 | 0.60 (0.65) | 0.20 (0.23) | 0.55 (0.59) | 0.16 (0.20) |
Rumination | 4 | 0.71 (0.73) | 0.37 (0.40) | 0.72 (0.75) | 0.38 (0.43) |
Subscale | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|
SCL | 1.71 | 0.35 |
Anger mood scale | 1.83 | 0.41 |
BARQ-C corrected subscales | ||
Direct Anger-out | 1.90 | 0.52 |
Assertion | 1.76 | 0.45 |
Social support-seeking | 1.84 | 0.45 |
Diffusion | 1.99 | 0.44 |
Avoidance | 1.98 | 0.40 |
Rumination | 1.95 | 0.53 |
Anger Coping Styles, Anger Mood and Somatic Complaints
Variable | B | SEB | β |
---|---|---|---|
Step 1: | |||
Anger Mood | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.28* |
Step 2: | |||
Anger Mood | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.25* |
BARQ-C subscales | |||
Assertion | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
Direct Anger-out | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Social support-seeking | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.14* |
Rumination | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.16* |
Avoidance | −0.00 | 0.03 | −0.00 |
Diffusion | −0.04 | 0.04 | −0.04 |