Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

15-03-2023 | Empirical Research

The Power Dynamics of Friendship: Between- and Within- Person Associations among Friend Dominance, Self-Esteem, and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms

Auteurs: Hannah L. Schacter, Adam J. Hoffman, Alexandra D. Ehrhardt

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Youth and Adolescence | Uitgave 6/2023

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Although forming close, egalitarian peer relationships is a central developmental task of adolescence, little is known about the psychological consequences of power imbalances in adolescents’ friendships. The current study investigated whether there are psychological costs of feeling subordinate to friends by examining longitudinal associations between adolescents’ perceived friend dominance and internalizing symptoms. Across one year, five waves of survey data were collected from 388 adolescents (Mage = 14.05, SDage = 0.41; 61% female; 46% White, 19% Black, 17% Asian, 6% Arab, Middle Eastern, North African, 6% Biracial/Multiethnic, 3% Latinx/Hispanic, 1% American Indian/Native American, 1% identifying with another race/ethnicity, <1% not reporting). Multilevel modeling disentangled between- and within-person effects of perceived friend dominance on depressive and anxiety (internalizing) symptoms and tested self-esteem as a mediator. The results indicated that both individual differences and intraindividual fluctuations in perceived friend dominance were associated with internalizing symptoms. At the between-person level, adolescents who perceived their friends as more dominant reported more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms than adolescents who perceived their friends as less dominant. At the within-person level, increases in perceived friend dominance were accompanied by increases in depressive and anxiety symptoms, and these associations were partially explained by changes in self-esteem. The findings advance understanding of power dynamics in adolescents’ close friendships and highlight the psychological toll of feeling dominated by friends.
Literatuur
go back to reference Bagwell, C. L., & Bukowski, W. M. (2018). Friendship in childhood and adolescence: Features, effects, and processes. In W. M. Bukowski, B. Laursen, & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (2nd ed.). (pp. 371–390). The Guilford Press. Bagwell, C. L., & Bukowski, W. M. (2018). Friendship in childhood and adolescence: Features, effects, and processes. In W. M. Bukowski, B. Laursen, & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (2nd ed.). (pp. 371–390). The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Buhrmester, D., & Furman, W. (2008). The Network of Relationships Inventory: Relationships Qualities Version. [Unpublished measure]. Buhrmester, D., & Furman, W. (2008). The Network of Relationships Inventory: Relationships Qualities Version. [Unpublished measure].
go back to reference Buist, K. L., Metindogan, A., Coban, S., Watve, S., Paranjpe, A., Koot, H. M., van Lier, P., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2017). Cross-cultural differences in sibling power balance and its concomitants across three age periods. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2017(156), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20199.CrossRefPubMed Buist, K. L., Metindogan, A., Coban, S., Watve, S., Paranjpe, A., Koot, H. M., van Lier, P., Branje, S. J. T., & Meeus, W. H. J. (2017). Cross-cultural differences in sibling power balance and its concomitants across three age periods. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2017(156), 87–104. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​cad.​20199.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Erdley, C. A., & Day, H. J. (2017). Friendship in childhood and adolescence. In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), The Psychology of Friendship. (pp. 3–19). Oxford University Press. Erdley, C. A., & Day, H. J. (2017). Friendship in childhood and adolescence. In M. Hojjat & A. Moyer (Eds.), The Psychology of Friendship. (pp. 3–19). Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2004). Bayesian data analysis. Chapman & Hall. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2004). Bayesian data analysis. Chapman & Hall.
go back to reference Hagborg, W. J. (1993). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Harter’s Self-Perception profile for adolescents: A concurrent validity study. Psychology in the Schools, 30(2), 132–136. 10.1002/1520-6807(199304)30:2<132::AID-PITS2310300205>3.0.CO;2-Z.CrossRef Hagborg, W. J. (1993). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and Harter’s Self-Perception profile for adolescents: A concurrent validity study. Psychology in the Schools, 30(2), 132–136. 10.1002/1520-6807(199304)30:2<132::AID-PITS2310300205>3.0.CO;2-Z.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartup, W. W. (1998). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance. In A. Campbell & S. Muncer (Eds.), The Social Child (pp. 143–164. Psychology Press. Hartup, W. W. (1998). The company they keep: Friendships and their developmental significance. In A. Campbell & S. Muncer (Eds.), The Social Child (pp. 143–164. Psychology Press.
go back to reference Hoffman, A.H., & Schacter, H.L. (in revision). The promise of an identity-based self-affirmation intervention in protecting against self-esteem declines at the high school transition. Hoffman, A.H., & Schacter, H.L. (in revision). The promise of an identity-based self-affirmation intervention in protecting against self-esteem declines at the high school transition.
go back to reference Mossman, S. A., Luft, M. J., Schroeder, H. K., Varney, S. T., Fleck, D. E., Barzman, D. H., Gilman, R., DelBello, M. P., & Strawn, J. R. (2017). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 29(4), 227–234A.PubMedPubMedCentral Mossman, S. A., Luft, M. J., Schroeder, H. K., Varney, S. T., Fleck, D. E., Barzman, D. H., Gilman, R., DelBello, M. P., & Strawn, J. R. (2017). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: Signal detection and validation. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 29(4), 227–234A.PubMedPubMedCentral
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus User’s Guide. Muthén & Muthén. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (1998–2017). Mplus User’s Guide. Muthén & Muthén.
go back to reference Pan, B., Garandeau, C. F., Li, T., Ji, L., Salmivalli, C., & Zhang, W. (2023). The dynamic associations between social dominance goals and bullying from middle to late childhood: The moderating role of classroom bystander behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(2), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000776.CrossRef Pan, B., Garandeau, C. F., Li, T., Ji, L., Salmivalli, C., & Zhang, W. (2023). The dynamic associations between social dominance goals and bullying from middle to late childhood: The moderating role of classroom bystander behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 115(2), 349–362. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​edu0000776.CrossRef
go back to reference Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books. Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. Basic Books.
go back to reference Simpson, J. A., Farrell, A. K., & Rothman, A. J. (2019). The dyadic power-social influence model extensions and future directions. In C. R. Agnew & J. J. Harman (Eds.), Power in close relationships (pp. 86–101). Cambridge University Press. Simpson, J. A., Farrell, A. K., & Rothman, A. J. (2019). The dyadic power-social influence model extensions and future directions. In C. R. Agnew & J. J. Harman (Eds.), Power in close relationships (pp. 86–101). Cambridge University Press.
go back to reference Simpson, J. A., Farrell, A. K., Oriña, M. M., & Rothman, A. J. (2015). Power and social influence in relationships. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, J. A. Simpson, & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Vol. 3. Interpersonal relations (pp. 393–420). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14344-015 Simpson, J. A., Farrell, A. K., Oriña, M. M., & Rothman, A. J. (2015). Power and social influence in relationships. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, J. A. Simpson, & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Vol. 3. Interpersonal relations (pp. 393–420). American Psychological Association. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​14344-015
go back to reference Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Collins, W. A. (2008). Autonomy development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Collins, W. A. (2008). Autonomy development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Adolescence. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Power Dynamics of Friendship: Between- and Within- Person Associations among Friend Dominance, Self-Esteem, and Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms
Auteurs
Hannah L. Schacter
Adam J. Hoffman
Alexandra D. Ehrhardt
Publicatiedatum
15-03-2023
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Youth and Adolescence / Uitgave 6/2023
Print ISSN: 0047-2891
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-6601
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01763-0