Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1/2012

01-03-2012

The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation

Auteurs: Hongfei Yang, Joachim Stoeber

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment | Uitgave 1/2012

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Eight studies with data from 2316 students are presented describing the development and preliminary validation of the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale (PAPS), a brief measure with two subscales: Worry About Imperfection and Hope For Perfection. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the measure’s two-dimensional structure. Moreover, correlation analyses provided first evidence for the two subscales’ differential validity: Worry About Imperfection showed negative correlations with positive self-perceptions of one’s appearance (e.g., appearance self-esteem) and positive correlations with maladaptive concerns aspects of perfectionism, physical appearance concerns (e.g., body image disturbances), and body weight control whereas Hope For Perfection showed positive correlations with positive striving aspects of perfectionism, positive self-perceptions, and impression management. In addition, all PAPS scores showed high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) and temporal stability (test-retest). Overall the findings suggest that the PAPS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess positive and negative aspects of physical appearance perfectionism.
Voetnoten
1
Because Box’s M test is highly sensitive to even minor differences between variance–covariance matrices, significances were tested on the p < .001 level as is recommended (Tabachnick and Fidell 2007). All other significances were tested on the conventional p < .05 level.
 
Literatuur
go back to reference Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., & Antony, M. M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373–1385. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00235-6.CrossRef Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., & Antony, M. M. (2004). Is perfectionism good, bad, or both? Examining models of the perfectionism construct. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 1373–1385. doi:10.​1016/​S0191-8869(03)00235-6.CrossRef
go back to reference Blankstein, K. R., & Dunkley, D. M. (2002). Evaluative concerns, self-critical, and personal standards perfectionism: A structural equation modeling strategy. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 285–315). Washington: APA. Blankstein, K. R., & Dunkley, D. M. (2002). Evaluative concerns, self-critical, and personal standards perfectionism: A structural equation modeling strategy. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 285–315). Washington: APA.
go back to reference Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford. Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford.
go back to reference Cain, A. S., Bardone-Cone, A. M., Abramson, L. Y., Vohs, K. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008). Refining the relationships of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating: examining the appearance, interpersonal, and academic domains. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41, 713–721. doi:10.1002/eat.20563.PubMedCrossRef Cain, A. S., Bardone-Cone, A. M., Abramson, L. Y., Vohs, K. D., & Joiner, T. E. (2008). Refining the relationships of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and stress to dieting and binge eating: examining the appearance, interpersonal, and academic domains. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41, 713–721. doi:10.​1002/​eat.​20563.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ): Users’ manual. Naples: Body Images Research Consulting. Cash, T. F. (2000). The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ): Users’ manual. Naples: Body Images Research Consulting.
go back to reference Cash, T. F., & Henry, P. E. (1995). Women’s body images: the results of a national survey in the U.S.A. Sex Roles, 33, 19-28-28. doi: 10.1007/bf01547933. Cash, T. F., & Henry, P. E. (1995). Women’s body images: the results of a national survey in the U.S.A. Sex Roles, 33, 19-28-28. doi: 10.​1007/​bf01547933.
go back to reference Çetin, B., Doğan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish adaptation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale: Reliability and validity study]. Education in Science, 35, 206–216. Çetin, B., Doğan, T., & Sapmaz, F. (2010). Olumsuz Değerlendirilme Korkusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Turkish adaptation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale: Reliability and validity study]. Education in Science, 35, 206–216.
go back to reference Chang, E. C. (2006). Conceptualization and measurement of adaptive and maladaptive aspects of performance perfectionism: relations to personality, psychological functioning, and academic achievement. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 677–697. doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9060-7.CrossRef Chang, E. C. (2006). Conceptualization and measurement of adaptive and maladaptive aspects of performance perfectionism: relations to personality, psychological functioning, and academic achievement. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 677–697. doi:10.​1007/​s10608-006-9060-7.CrossRef
go back to reference Dunn, J. G. H., Gotwals, J. K., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2005). An examination of the domain specificity of perfectionism among intercollegiate student-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1439–1448. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2004.09.009.CrossRef Dunn, J. G. H., Gotwals, J. K., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (2005). An examination of the domain specificity of perfectionism among intercollegiate student-athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1439–1448. doi:10.​1016/​j.​paid.​2004.​09.​009.CrossRef
go back to reference Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 33–62). Washington: APA. Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 33–62). Washington: APA.
go back to reference Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In P. L. Hewitt & G. L. Flett (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 5–31). Washington: APA. Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues. In P. L. Hewitt & G. L. Flett (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 5–31). Washington: APA.
go back to reference Fox, K. R., & Corbin, C. B. (1989). The physical self-perception profile: development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 408–430. Fox, K. R., & Corbin, C. B. (1989). The physical self-perception profile: development and preliminary validation. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 408–430.
go back to reference Gao, Y. B., Peng, W. B., Zhou, L. H., Lu, B. W., & Ye, L. H. (2005). Reliability and validity of the body image depression questionnaire for teenagers [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 26, 1005–1006. doi:CNKI:ISSN:1000-9817.0.2005-12-013. Gao, Y. B., Peng, W. B., Zhou, L. H., Lu, B. W., & Ye, L. H. (2005). Reliability and validity of the body image depression questionnaire for teenagers [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of School Health, 26, 1005–1006. doi:CNKI:​ISSN:​1000-9817.​0.​2005-12-013.
go back to reference Gao, Y. B., Peng, W. B., Zhou, L. H., Lu, B. W., & Ye, L. H. (2006). A study on the relationship between body image depression and self-regard of high school and college students [in Chinese]. Psychological Science, 29, 973–975. doi:CNKI:ISSN:1671-6981.0.2006-04-052. Gao, Y. B., Peng, W. B., Zhou, L. H., Lu, B. W., & Ye, L. H. (2006). A study on the relationship between body image depression and self-regard of high school and college students [in Chinese]. Psychological Science, 29, 973–975. doi:CNKI:​ISSN:​1671-6981.​0.​2006-04-052.
go back to reference Haase, A. M., Prapavessis, H., & Owens, R. G. (2002). Perfectionism, social physique anxiety and disordered eating: a comparison of male and female elite athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 209–222. doi:10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00018-8.CrossRef Haase, A. M., Prapavessis, H., & Owens, R. G. (2002). Perfectionism, social physique anxiety and disordered eating: a comparison of male and female elite athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 3, 209–222. doi:10.​1016/​S1469-0292(01)00018-8.CrossRef
go back to reference Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2004). Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS): Technical manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems. Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (2004). Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS): Technical manual. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
go back to reference Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., et al. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1303–1325. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1303.PubMedCrossRef Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., et al. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1303–1325. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​84.​6.​1303.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hewitt, P. L., Habke, A. M., Lee-Baggley, D. L., Sherry, S. B., & Flett, G. L. (2008). The impact of perfectionistic self-presentation on the cognitive, affective, and physiological experience of a clinical interview. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 71, 93–122. doi:10.1521/psyc.2008.71.2.93.CrossRef Hewitt, P. L., Habke, A. M., Lee-Baggley, D. L., Sherry, S. B., & Flett, G. L. (2008). The impact of perfectionistic self-presentation on the cognitive, affective, and physiological experience of a clinical interview. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 71, 93–122. doi:10.​1521/​psyc.​2008.​71.​2.​93.CrossRef
go back to reference Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158–176). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 158–176). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
go back to reference Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76–99). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
go back to reference Kong, S. S., & Yang, H. F. (2009). Development of college female student appearance-management behavior scale [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 702–704. doi:CNKI:SUN:ZLCY.0.2009-06-018. Kong, S. S., & Yang, H. F. (2009). Development of college female student appearance-management behavior scale [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 702–704. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​ZLCY.​0.​2009-06-018.
go back to reference Liu, J. (2005). A study on college students’ impression management and its affecting factors [in Chinese]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Psychology, Central China Normal University, PR China. Liu, J. (2005). A study on college students’ impression management and its affecting factors [in Chinese]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of Psychology, Central China Normal University, PR China.
go back to reference Malcarne, V. L., Hansdottir, I., Greenbergs, H. L., Clements, P. J., & Weisman, M. H. (1999). Appearance self-esteem in systemic sclerosis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 197–208. doi:10.1023/a:1018783329341.CrossRef Malcarne, V. L., Hansdottir, I., Greenbergs, H. L., Clements, P. J., & Weisman, M. H. (1999). Appearance self-esteem in systemic sclerosis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 197–208. doi:10.​1023/​a:​1018783329341.CrossRef
go back to reference Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2000–2008). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Authors. Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2000–2008). Mplus user’s guide. Los Angeles, CA: Authors.
go back to reference Ogle, J. P., Lee, H.-H., & Damhorst, M. L. (2005). Perceptions of body malleability: linkages with body-related feelings and behaviors among undergraduate women and men. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34, 35–56. doi:10.1177/1077727X05277737.CrossRef Ogle, J. P., Lee, H.-H., & Damhorst, M. L. (2005). Perceptions of body malleability: linkages with body-related feelings and behaviors among undergraduate women and men. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 34, 35–56. doi:10.​1177/​1077727X05277737​.CrossRef
go back to reference Rice, K. G., & Preusser, K. J. (2002). The adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 210–222. Rice, K. G., & Preusser, K. J. (2002). The adaptive/maladaptive perfectionism scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 210–222.
go back to reference Sherry, S. B., Vriend, J. L., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., Flett, G. L., & Wardrop, A. A. (2009). Perfectionism dimensions, appearance schemas, and body image disturbance in community members and university students. Body Image, 6, 83–89. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.12.002.PubMedCrossRef Sherry, S. B., Vriend, J. L., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., Flett, G. L., & Wardrop, A. A. (2009). Perfectionism dimensions, appearance schemas, and body image disturbance in community members and university students. Body Image, 6, 83–89. doi:10.​1016/​j.​bodyim.​2008.​12.​002.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., Flett, G. L., & Graham, A. R. (2010). Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors: Implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42, 273–283. doi:10.1037/a0020466.CrossRef Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Sherry, D. L., Flett, G. L., & Graham, A. R. (2010). Perfectionism dimensions and research productivity in psychology professors: Implications for understanding the (mal)adaptiveness of perfectionism. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42, 273–283. doi:10.​1037/​a0020466.CrossRef
go back to reference Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., & Ashby, J. S. (2002). A programmatic approach to measuring perfectionism: The almost perfect scales. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 63–88). Washington: APA. Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., & Ashby, J. S. (2002). A programmatic approach to measuring perfectionism: The almost perfect scales. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism (pp. 63–88). Washington: APA.
go back to reference Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Steinberg, L. (2008). Adolescence (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
go back to reference Stoeber, J., & Childs, J. H. (in press). Perfectionism. In: R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence. New York: Springer. Stoeber, J., & Childs, J. H. (in press). Perfectionism. In: R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of adolescence. New York: Springer.
go back to reference Stoeber, J., Kobori, O., & Tanno, Y. (2010). The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory–English (MPCI-E): reliability, validity, and relationships with positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality Assessment, 9, 16–25. doi:10.1080/00223890903379159.CrossRef Stoeber, J., Kobori, O., & Tanno, Y. (2010). The Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory–English (MPCI-E): reliability, validity, and relationships with positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality Assessment, 9, 16–25. doi:10.​1080/​0022389090337915​9.CrossRef
go back to reference Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (5th ed.). Boston: Pearson.
go back to reference Wang, X. M. (2009). College students’ impression management and its correlations with self-esteem and achievement motivation [in Chinese]. Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education, 28, 83–84. doi:CNKI:SUN:HLJB.0.2009-09-036. Wang, X. M. (2009). College students’ impression management and its correlations with self-esteem and achievement motivation [in Chinese]. Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education, 28, 83–84. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​HLJB.​0.​2009-09-036.
go back to reference Wei, J. B., & Hu, C. B. (2008). Relation between physical self and self-worth of university students [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 403–405. doi:CNKI:SUN:ZLCY.0.2008-04-026. Wei, J. B., & Hu, C. B. (2008). Relation between physical self and self-worth of university students [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 403–405. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​ZLCY.​0.​2008-04-026.
go back to reference Williams, P. A., & Cash, T. F. (2001). Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 75–82. doi:10.1002/eat.1056.PubMedCrossRef Williams, P. A., & Cash, T. F. (2001). Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 75–82. doi:10.​1002/​eat.​1056.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Xie, Q., & Wu, Y. N. (2002). The relationships between physical self- perception and participation of exercise with university students [in Chinese]. Journal of Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, 22, 46–48. doi:CNKI:SUN:GZTX.0.2002-05-016. Xie, Q., & Wu, Y. N. (2002). The relationships between physical self- perception and participation of exercise with university students [in Chinese]. Journal of Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, 22, 46–48. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​GZTX.​0.​2002-05-016.
go back to reference Yang, H. F., Zhang, X. Y., & Zhao, Y. (2007). The development of general perfectionism scale for college students [in Chinese]. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 21, 107–110. doi:CNKI:SUN:ZXWS.0.2007-02-013 Yang, H. F., Zhang, X. Y., & Zhao, Y. (2007). The development of general perfectionism scale for college students [in Chinese]. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 21, 107–110. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​ZXWS.​0.​2007-02-013
go back to reference Yang, H. F., Zhao, Y., Shen, M. W., & Wu, M. Z. (2009). Implicit perfectionism and its relationship with explicit perfectionism [in Chinese]. Psychological Science, 32, 125–128. doi:CNKI:SUN:XLKX.0.2009-02-007 Yang, H. F., Zhao, Y., Shen, M. W., & Wu, M. Z. (2009). Implicit perfectionism and its relationship with explicit perfectionism [in Chinese]. Psychological Science, 32, 125–128. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​XLKX.​0.​2009-02-007
go back to reference Zhang, X. Y., Yang, H. F., & Zhao, Y. (2007). The development of a domain-specific perfectionism scale for college students [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 125–131. doi:CNKI:SUN:ZLCY.0.2007-02-007 Zhang, X. Y., Yang, H. F., & Zhao, Y. (2007). The development of a domain-specific perfectionism scale for college students [in Chinese]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 15, 125–131. doi:CNKI:​SUN:​ZLCY.​0.​2007-02-007
Metagegevens
Titel
The Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale: Development and Preliminary Validation
Auteurs
Hongfei Yang
Joachim Stoeber
Publicatiedatum
01-03-2012
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment / Uitgave 1/2012
Print ISSN: 0882-2689
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3505
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9260-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2012

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 1/2012 Naar de uitgave