Top

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

22-11-2020 | Original Paper

The Neurobiology of Semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Analysis

Auteurs: Lee Phan, Alina Tariq, Garbo Lam, Elizabeth W. Pang, Claude Alain

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 9/2021

Abstract

Semantic processing impairments are present in a proportion of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the numerous imaging studies investigating this language domain in ASD, there is a lack of consensus regarding the brain structures showing abnormal pattern of activity. This meta-analysis aimed to identify neural activation patterns present during semantic processing in ASD. Findings reveal activation of areas associated with semantic processing and executive functions in ASD. However, the activation was less concise in comparison to controls and there was less activation in the right hemisphere and in areas associated with executive functions. This provides strong support for impaired semantic processing in ASD that is consistently associated with abnormal patterns of neural activity in the semantic network.

vorige artikel Effects of Emotional Music on Facial Emotion Recognition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

volgende artikel A Pilot Study of Responses to Interparental Conflict in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Agt, H. V., Verhoeven, L., Brink, G. V. D., & Koning, H. D. (2011). The impact on socio-emotional development and quality of life of language impairment in 8-year-old children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 53(1), 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03794.x. CrossRef

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596. CrossRef

Ardila, A., Bernal, B., & Rosselli, M. (2016). How localized are language brain areas? A review of Brodmann areas involvement in oral language. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 31(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acv081. CrossRefPubMed

Bastian, A. J., & Thach, W. T. (1995). Cerebellar outflow lesions: A comparison of movement deficits resulting from lesions at the levels of the cerebellum and thalamus. Annals of Neurology, 38(6), 881–892. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410380608. CrossRefPubMed

Bednarz, H. M., Maximo, J. O., Murdaugh, D. L., O’Kelley, S., & Kana, R. K. (2017). “Decoding versus comprehension”: Brain responses underlying reading comprehension in children with autism. Brain and Language, 169, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2017.01.002. CrossRefPubMed

Boddaert, N., Belin, P., Chabane, N., Poline, J.-B., Barthélémy, C., Mouren-Simeoni, M.-C., Brunelle, F., Samson, Y., & Zilbovicius, M. (2003). Perception of complex sounds: Abnormal pattern of cortical activation in autism. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(11), 2057–2060. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.2057. CrossRefPubMed

Bookheimer, S. (2002). Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 25(1), 151–188. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.neuro.25.112701.142946. CrossRefPubMed

Brignell, A., Morgan, A. T., Woolfenden, S., Klopper, F., May, T., Sarkozy, V., & Williams, K. (2018). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prognosis of language outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 3, 239694151876761. https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518767610. CrossRef

Coderre, E. L., Chernenok, M., Gordon, B., & Ledoux, K. (2017). Linguistic and non-linguistic semantic processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: An ERP study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(3), 795–812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2985-0. CrossRefPubMed

Corbett, F., Jefferies, E., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2009). Exploring multimodal semantic control impairments in semantic aphasia: Evidence from naturalistic object use. Neuropsychologia, 47(13), 2721–2731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.05.020. CrossRefPubMed

Courchesne, E., Townsend, J., Akshoomoff, N. A., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Lincoln, A. J., James, H. E., Haas, R. H., Schreibman, L., & Lau, L. (1994). Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108(5), 848–865. https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7044.108.5.848. CrossRefPubMed

Dunn, M. A., & Bates, J. C. (2005). Developmental change in neutral processing of words by children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 361–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-3304-3. CrossRefPubMed

Eickhoff, S. B., Bzdok, D., Laird, A. R., Kurth, F., & Fox, P. T. (2012). Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis revisited. NeuroImage, 59(3), 2349–2361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.017. CrossRefPubMed

Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., Grefkes, C., Wang, L. E., Zilles, K., & Fox, P. T. (2009). Coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of neuroimaging data: A random-effects approach based on empirical estimates of spatial uncertainty. Human Brain Mapping, 30(9), 2907–2926. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20718. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Eickhoff, S. B., Nichols, T. E., Laird, A. R., Hoffstaedter, F., Amunts, K., Fox, P. T., Bzdok, D., & Eickhoff, C. R. (2016). Behavior, sensitivity, and power of activation likelihood estimation characterized by massive empirical simulation. NeuroImage, 137, 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.072. CrossRefPubMed

Erdler, M., Beisteiner, R., Mayer, D., Kaindl, T., Edward, V., Windischberger, C., Lindinger, G., & Deecke, L. (2000). Supplementary motor area activation preceding voluntary movement is detectable with a whole-scalp magnetoencephalography system. NeuroImage, 11(6 Pt 1), 697–707. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2000.0579. CrossRefPubMed

Fiez, J. A., Petersen, S. E., Cheney, M. K., & Raichle, M. E. (1992). Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damagea single case study. Brain, 115(1), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/115.1.155. CrossRefPubMed

Friederici, A. D., Rüschemeyer, S.-A., Hahne, A., & Fiebach, C. J. (2003). The role of left inferior frontal and superior temporal cortex in sentence comprehension: Localizing syntactic and semantic processes. Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), 13(2), 170–177. CrossRef

Gasparini, M., Di Piero, V., Ciccarelli, O., Cacioppo, M. M., Pantano, P., & Lenzi, G. L. (1999). Linguistic impairment after right cerebellar stroke: A case report. European Journal of Neurology, 6(3), 353–356. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-1331.1999.630353.x. CrossRefPubMed

Gervais, H., Belin, P., Boddaert, N., Leboyer, M., Coez, A., Sfaello, I., Barthélémy, C., Brunelle, F., Samson, Y., & Zilbovicius, M. (2004). Abnormal cortical voice processing in autism. Nature Neuroscience, 7(8), 801–802. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1291. CrossRefPubMed

Gutchess, A. H., Hedden, T., Ketay, S., Aron, A., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2010). Neural differences in the processing of semantic relationships across cultures. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(2–3), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp059. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Hahne, A., Eckstein, K., & Friederici, A. D. (2004). Brain signatures of syntactic and semantic processes during children’s language development. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16(7), 1302–1318. https://doi.org/10.1162/0898929041920504. CrossRefPubMed

Herringshaw, A. J., Ammons, C. J., DeRamus, T. P., & Kana, R. K. (2016). Hemispheric differences in language processing in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Autism Research, 9(10), 1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1599. CrossRefPubMed

Howard, D., Patterson, K., Wise, R., Brown, W. D., Friston, K., Weiller, C., & Frackowiak, R. (1992). The cortical localization of the lexicons. Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 115( Pt 6), 1769–1782. CrossRef

Jackson, R. L., Hoffman, P., Pobric, G., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2016). The semantic network at work and rest: Differential connectivity of anterior temporal lobe subregions. Journal of Neuroscience, 36(5), 1490–1501. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2999-15.2016. CrossRefPubMed

Jefferies, E., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2006). Semantic impairment in stroke aphasia versus semantic dementia: A case-series comparison. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 129(Pt 8), 2132–2147. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl153. CrossRef

Jefferies, E., Patterson, K., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2008). Deficits of knowledge versus executive control in semantic cognition: Insights from cued naming. Neuropsychologia, 46(2), 649–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.09.007. CrossRefPubMed

Joseph, J., Noble, K., & Eden, G. (2001). The neurobiological basis of reading. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34(6), 566–579. https://doi.org/10.1177/002221940103400609. CrossRefPubMed

Jueptner, M., Rijntjes, M., Weiller, C., Faiss, J. H., Timmann, D., Mueller, S. P., & Diener, H. C. (1995). Localization of a cerebellar timing process using PET. Neurology, 45(8), 1540–1545. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.45.8.1540. CrossRefPubMed

Just, M. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Keller, T. A., & Minshew, N. J. (2004). Cortical activation and synchronization during sentence comprehension in high-functioning autism: Evidence of underconnectivity. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 127(Pt 8), 1811–1821. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh199. CrossRef

Kamio, Y., & Toichi, M. (2000). Dual access to semantics in autism: Is pictorial access superior to verbal access? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 41(7), 859–867. CrossRef

Kana, R. K., Keller, T. A., Cherkassky, V. L., Minshew, N. J., & Just, M. A. (2006). Sentence comprehension in autism: Thinking in pictures with decreased functional connectivity. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 129(Pt 9), 2484–2493. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl164. CrossRef

Kang, A. M., Constable, R. T., Gore, J. C., & Avrutin, S. (1999). An event-related fMRI study of implicit phrase-level syntactic and semantic processing. NeuroImage, 10(5), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1999.0493. CrossRefPubMed

Keren-Happuch, E., Chen, S.-H. A., Ho, M.-H. R., & Desmond, J. E. (2014). A meta-analysis of cerebellar contributions to higher cognition from PET and fMRI studies. Human Brain Mapping, 35(2), 593–615. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22194. CrossRef

Klein, A. P., Ulmer, J. L., Quinet, S. A., Mathews, V., & Mark, L. P. (2016). Nonmotor functions of the cerebellum: An introduction. AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 37(6), 1005–1009. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4720. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Knaus, T. A., Silver, A. M., Kennedy, M., Lindgren, K. A., Dominick, K. C., Siegel, J., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2010). Language laterality in autism spectrum disorder and typical controls: A functional, volumetric, and diffusion tensor MRI study. Brain and Language, 112(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.11.005. CrossRefPubMed

Knaus, T. A., Silver, A. M., Lindgren, K. A., Hadjikhani, N., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2008). FMRI activation during a language task in adolescents with ASD. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 14(6), 967–979. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617708081216. CrossRefPubMed

Koyama, M. S., Di Martino, A., Zuo, X.-N., Kelly, C., Mennes, M., Jutagir, D. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2011). Resting-state functional connectivity indexes reading competence in children and adults. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 31(23), 8617–8624. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4865-10.2011. CrossRef

Kuperberg, G. R., McGuire, P. K., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Rabe-Hesketh, S., Wright, I. C., Lythgoe, D. J., Williams, S. C., & David, A. S. (2000). Common and distinct neural substrates for pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic processing of spoken sentences: An fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12(2), 321–341. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892900562138. CrossRefPubMed

Kutas, M., & Federmeier, K. D. (2011). Thirty years and counting: Finding meaning in the N400 component of the event related brain potential (ERP). Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 621–647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Kutas, M., Hillyard, S. A., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1988). Processing of semantic anomaly by right and left hemispheres of commissurotomy patients. Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 111( Pt 3), 553–576. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/111.3.553. CrossRef

Lai, M.-C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Autism. Lancet (London, England), 383(9920), 896–910. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61539-1. CrossRef

Laird, A. R., Robinson, J. L., McMillan, K. M., Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, D., Moran, S. T., Gonzales, S. M., Ray, K. L., Franklin, C., Glahn, D. C., Fox, P. T., & Lancaster, J. L. (2010). Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: Validation of the Lancaster transform. NeuroImage, 51(2), 677–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.048. CrossRefPubMed

Lau, E. F., Phillips, C., & Poeppel, D. (2008). A cortical network for semantics: (De)constructing the N400. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9(12), 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2532. CrossRefPubMed

Laufer, I., Negishi, M., Lacadie, C. M., Papademetris, X., & Constable, R. T. (2011). Dissociation between the activity of the right middle frontal gyrus and the middle temporal gyrus in processing semantic priming. PLOS ONE, 6(8), e22368. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022368. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Leung, H.-C., Gore, J. C., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (2002). Sustained mnemonic response in the human middle frontal gyrus during on-line storage of spatial memoranda. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(4), 659–671. https://doi.org/10.1162/08989290260045882. CrossRefPubMed

Liddle, P. F., Kiehl, K. A., & Smith, A. M. (2001). Event-related fMRI study of response inhibition. Human Brain Mapping, 12(2), 100–109. CrossRef

McCleery, J. P., Ceponiene, R., Burner, K. M., Townsend, J., Kinnear, M., & Schreibman, L. (2010). Neural correlates of verbal and nonverbal semantic integration in children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51(3), 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02157.x. CrossRefPubMed

Moberget, T., Gullesen, E. H., Andersson, S., Ivry, R. B., & Endestad, T. (2014). Generalized role for the cerebellum in encoding internal models: Evidence from semantic processing. The Journal of Neuroscience, 34(8), 2871–2878. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2264-13.2014. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Mody, M., & Belliveau, J. W. (2013). Speech and language impairments in autism: Insights from behavior and neuroimaging. North American Journal of Medicine & Science, 5(3), 157–161. CrossRef

Murdoch, B. E. (2010). The cerebellum and language: Historical perspective and review. Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior, 46(7), 858–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2009.07.018. CrossRefPubMed

Nachev, P., Wydell, H., O’neill, K., Husain, M., & Kennard, C. (2007). The role of the pre-supplementary motor area in the control of action. NeuroImage, 36( Suppl 2), T155–T163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.034. CrossRefPubMed

Neumann, S., Quinting, J., Rosenkranz, A., de Beer, C., Jonas, K., & Stenneken, P. (2019). Quality of life in adults with neurogenic speech-language-communication difficulties: A systematic review of existing measures. Journal of Communication Disorders, 79, 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.01.003. CrossRefPubMed

Nicola, K., & Watter, P. (2015). Health-related quality of life from the perspective of children with severe specific language impairment. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0326-1.

Noonan, K. A., Jefferies, E., Visser, M., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2013). Going beyond inferior prefrontal involvement in semantic control: Evidence for the additional contribution of dorsal angular gyrus and posterior middle temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(11), 1824–1850. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00442. CrossRefPubMed

Oh, A., Duerden, E. G., & Pang, E. W. (2014). The role of the insula in speech and language processing. Brain and Language, 135, 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2014.06.003. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Ojemann, G. A., & Whitaker, H. A. (1978). Language localization and variability. Brain and Language, 6(2), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-934X(78)90061-5. CrossRefPubMed

Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Posner, M. I., Mintun, M., & Raichle, M. E. (1988). Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature, 331(6157), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/331585a0. CrossRefPubMed

Petrides, M. (2005). Lateral prefrontal cortex: Architectonic and functional organization. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 360(1456), 781–795. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1631. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Pijnacker, J., Geurts, B., van Lambalgen, M., Buitelaar, J., & Hagoort, P. (2010). Exceptions and anomalies: An ERP study on context sensitivity in autism. Neuropsychologia, 48(10), 2940–2951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.06.003. CrossRefPubMed

Poldrack, R. A., Wagner, A. D., Prull, M. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1999). Functional specialization for semantic and phonological processing in the left inferior prefrontal cortex. NeuroImage, 10(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1999.0441. CrossRefPubMed

Price, C. J. (2012). A review and synthesis of the first 20 years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading. NeuroImage, 62(2), 816–847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.062. CrossRefPubMed

Raij, T. (1999). Patterns of brain activity during visual imagery of letters. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 11(3), 282–299. CrossRef

Rapin, I., & Dunn, M. (1997). Language disorders in children with autism. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 4(2), 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1071-9091(97)80024-1. CrossRefPubMed

Ribeiro, T., Valasek, C., Minati, L., & Boggio, P. (2013). Altered semantic integration in autism beyond language. Neuroreport, 24(8), 414–418. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e328361315e. CrossRefPubMed

Samson, F., Zeffiro, T. A., Doyon, J., Benali, H., & Mottron, L. (2015). Speech acquisition predicts regions of enhanced cortical response to auditory stimulation in autism spectrum individuals. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 68, 285–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.011. CrossRefPubMed

Sur, S., & Sinha, V. K. (2009). Event-related potential: An overview. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.57865. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tager-Flusberg, H., Paul, R., & Lord, C. (2005). Language and communication in autism. In Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders: Diagnosis, development, neurobiology, and behavior (Vol. 1, 3rd ed., pp. 335–364). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.. CrossRef

Tesink, C. M. J. Y., Buitelaar, J. K., Petersson, K. M., van der Gaag, R. J., Teunisse, J.-P., & Hagoort, P. (2011). Neural correlates of language comprehension in autism spectrum disorders: When language conflicts with world knowledge. Neuropsychologia, 49(5), 1095–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.01.018. CrossRefPubMed

Thompson, R. F. (1988). The neural basis of basic associative learning of discrete behavioral responses. Trends in Neurosciences, 11(4), 152–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(88)90141-5. CrossRefPubMed

Toichi, M., & Kamio, Y. (2002). Long-term memory and levels-of-processing in autism. Neuropsychologia, 40(7), 964–969. CrossRef

Toichi, M., & Kamio, Y. (2003). Long-term memory in high-functioning autism: Controversy on episodic memory in autism reconsidered. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(2), 151–161. CrossRef

Turkeltaub, P. E., Eickhoff, S. B., Laird, A. R., Fox, M., Wiener, M., & Fox, P. (2012). Minimizing within-experiment and within-group effects in activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses. Human Brain Mapping, 33(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21186. CrossRefPubMed

Wildgruber, D., Erb, M., Klose, U., & Grodd, W. (1997). Sequential activation of supplementary motor area and primary motor cortex during self-paced finger movement in human evaluated by functional MRI. Neuroscience Letters, 227(3), 161–164. CrossRef

Williams, D. L., Cherkassky, V. L., Mason, R. A., Keller, T. A., Minshew, N. J., & Just, M. A. (2013). Brain function differences in language processing in children and adults with autism. Autism Research: Official Journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 6(4), 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1291. CrossRef

Xiang, H., Lin, C., Ma, X., Zhang, Z., Bower, J. M., Weng, X., & Gao, J.-H. (2003). Involvement of the cerebellum in semantic discrimination: An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 18(3), 208–214. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.10095. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Yelland, G. W. (1994). Word recognition and lexical access. In A. Bowers (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Edinburgh: Pergamon Press.

Titel: The Neurobiology of Semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Analysis
Auteurs: Lee Phan
Alina Tariq
Garbo Lam
Elizabeth W. Pang
Claude Alain
Publicatiedatum: 22-11-2020
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 9/2021
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04794-9

Mijn bibliotheek

Shop

Tips voor Mijn BSL

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

The Neurobiology of Semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Analysis

Abstract

Mijn bibliotheek

Shop

Tips voor Mijn BSL

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 9/2021

Family-Centered Care: How Close Do We Get When Talking to Parents of Children Undergoing Diagnosis for Autism Spectrum Disorders?

Sensitivity to Social Agency in Autistic Adults

Inner Speech Moderates the Relationship Between Autism Spectrum Traits and Emotion Regulation

Mediating Effect of Emotional and Social Competences on Interrelations Between Gender, Age and the Broad Autism Phenotype

Identifying Areas of Overlap and Distinction in Early Lexical Profiles of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Late Talkers, and Typical Talkers

The Effects of Aquatic Versus Kata Techniques Training on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder