Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12/2011

01-12-2011 | Original Paper

The Nature of Covariation Between Autistic Traits and Clumsiness: A Twin Study in a General Population Sample

Auteurs: Sara Moruzzi, Anna Ogliari, Angelica Ronald, Francesca Happé, Marco Battaglia

Gepubliceerd in: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders | Uitgave 12/2011

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

While social impairment, difficulties with communication, and restricted repetitive behaviors are central features of Autism Spectrum Disorders, physical clumsiness is a commonly co-occuring feature. In a sample of 398 twin pairs (aged 8–17 years) from the Italian Twin Registry we investigated the nature of the co-variation between a psychometric index of Clumsiness and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Autistic scale. Bivariate twin analyses showed that a genetic etiological overlap, rather than direct causation, is a plausible explanation for the association between clumsiness and autistic-like traits, as measured by indices derived from the parent-rated CBCL scale. Additive genetic influences that impinge upon clumsiness/motor problem and autistic-like traits coincided remarkably, with a genetic correlation of 0.63.
Literatuur
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(3), 328–340.PubMedCrossRef Achenbach, T. M., Dumenci, L., & Rescorla, L. A. (2003). DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32(3), 328–340.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research: ASEBA. Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research: ASEBA.
go back to reference Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks: Sage. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn., text revision ed.). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn., text revision ed.). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychiatric Association.
go back to reference Asperger, H. (1944). Die “Autistischen psychopathen” im kindesalter. Archiv Für Psychiatrie and Nervenkrankheiten, Berline, 117, 76–136.CrossRef Asperger, H. (1944). Die “Autistischen psychopathen” im kindesalter. Archiv Für Psychiatrie and Nervenkrankheiten, Berline, 117, 76–136.CrossRef
go back to reference Bohlin, G., & Janols, L. O. (2004). Behavioural problems and psychiatric symptoms in 5–13 year-old swedish children—A comparison of parent ratings on the FTF (five to fifteen) with the ratings on CBCL (child behavior checklist). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 3), 14–22.PubMed Bohlin, G., & Janols, L. O. (2004). Behavioural problems and psychiatric symptoms in 5–13 year-old swedish children—A comparison of parent ratings on the FTF (five to fifteen) with the ratings on CBCL (child behavior checklist). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 13(Suppl 3), 14–22.PubMed
go back to reference Bölte, S., Poustka, F., & Constantino, J. N. (2008). Assessing autistic traits: Cross-cultural validation of the social responsiveness scale (SRS). Autism Research, 1(6), 354–363.PubMedCrossRef Bölte, S., Poustka, F., & Constantino, J. N. (2008). Assessing autistic traits: Cross-cultural validation of the social responsiveness scale (SRS). Autism Research, 1(6), 354–363.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Bouffard, M., Watkinson, E. J., Thompson, L. P., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (1996). A test of the activity deficit hypothesis with children with movement difficulties. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly: APAQ, 12, 61–73. Bouffard, M., Watkinson, E. J., Thompson, L. P., & Causgrove Dunn, J. (1996). A test of the activity deficit hypothesis with children with movement difficulties. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly: APAQ, 12, 61–73.
go back to reference Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(12), 2043–2045.PubMedCrossRef Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2000). Genetic structure of reciprocal social behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(12), 2043–2045.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: A twin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 524–530.PubMedCrossRef Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2003). Autistic traits in the general population: A twin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(5), 524–530.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B., & Quinton, D. (1977). Bias resulting from missing information: Some epidemiological findings. British Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine, 31(2), 131–136. Cox, A., Rutter, M., Yule, B., & Quinton, D. (1977). Bias resulting from missing information: Some epidemiological findings. British Journal of Preventive & Social Medicine, 31(2), 131–136.
go back to reference De Moor, M. H., Boomsma, D. I., Stubbe, J. H., Willemsen, G., & de Geus, E. J. (2008). Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(8), 897–905.PubMedCrossRef De Moor, M. H., Boomsma, D. I., Stubbe, J. H., Willemsen, G., & de Geus, E. J. (2008). Testing causality in the association between regular exercise and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(8), 897–905.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dewey, D., Cantell, M., & Crawford, S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 13(2), 246–256.PubMedCrossRef Dewey, D., Cantell, M., & Crawford, S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 13(2), 246–256.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Duarte, C. S., Bordin, I. A., de Oliveira, A., & Bird, H. (2003). The CBCL and the identification of children with autism and related conditions in brazil: Pilot findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(6), 703–707.PubMedCrossRef Duarte, C. S., Bordin, I. A., de Oliveira, A., & Bird, H. (2003). The CBCL and the identification of children with autism and related conditions in brazil: Pilot findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(6), 703–707.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Duffy, D. L., & Martin, N. G. (1994). Inferring the direction of causation in cross-sectional twin data: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Genetic Epidemiology, 11(6), 483–502.PubMedCrossRef Duffy, D. L., & Martin, N. G. (1994). Inferring the direction of causation in cross-sectional twin data: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Genetic Epidemiology, 11(6), 483–502.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Dworzynski, K., Happe, F., Bolton, P., & Ronald, A. (2009). Relationship between symptom domains in autism spectrum disorders: A population based twin study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(8), 1197–1210.PubMedCrossRef Dworzynski, K., Happe, F., Bolton, P., & Ronald, A. (2009). Relationship between symptom domains in autism spectrum disorders: A population based twin study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(8), 1197–1210.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fliers, E., Vermeulen, S., Rijsdijk, F., Altink, M., Buschgens, C., Rommelse, N., et al. (2009). ADHD and poor motor performance from a family genetic perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(1), 25–34.PubMedCrossRef Fliers, E., Vermeulen, S., Rijsdijk, F., Altink, M., Buschgens, C., Rommelse, N., et al. (2009). ADHD and poor motor performance from a family genetic perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(1), 25–34.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Fournier, K. A., Hass, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodha, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1227–1240.PubMedCrossRef Fournier, K. A., Hass, C. J., Naik, S. K., Lodha, N., & Cauraugh, J. H. (2010). Motor coordination in autism spectrum disorders: A synthesis and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(10), 1227–1240.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ghaziuddin, M., & Butler, F. (1998). Clumsiness in autism and asperger syndrome: A further report. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 42, 43–48.CrossRef Ghaziuddin, M., & Butler, F. (1998). Clumsiness in autism and asperger syndrome: A further report. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities Research, 42, 43–48.CrossRef
go back to reference Gillberg, C. (1989). Asperger syndrome in 23 swedish children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31(4), 520–531.PubMedCrossRef Gillberg, C. (1989). Asperger syndrome in 23 swedish children. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31(4), 520–531.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Goldsmith, H. H. (1991). A zygosity questionnaire for young twins: A research note. Behavior Genetics, 21(3), 257–269.PubMedCrossRef Goldsmith, H. H. (1991). A zygosity questionnaire for young twins: A research note. Behavior Genetics, 21(3), 257–269.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E., et al. (2009). Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 51(4), 311–316.PubMedCrossRef Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E., et al. (2009). Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum disorders. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 51(4), 311–316.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Heath, A. C., Kessler, R. C., Neale, M. C., Hewitt, J. K., Eaves, L. J., & Kendler, K. S. (1993). Testing hypotheses about direction of causation using cross-sectional family data. Behavior Genetics, 23(1), 29–50.PubMedCrossRef Heath, A. C., Kessler, R. C., Neale, M. C., Hewitt, J. K., Eaves, L. J., & Kendler, K. S. (1993). Testing hypotheses about direction of causation using cross-sectional family data. Behavior Genetics, 23(1), 29–50.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoekstra, R. A., Bartels, M., Verweij, C. J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2007). Heritability of autistic traits in the general population. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161(4), 372–377.PubMedCrossRef Hoekstra, R. A., Bartels, M., Verweij, C. J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2007). Heritability of autistic traits in the general population. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161(4), 372–377.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Hoekstra, R. A., Happé, F., Baron-Cohen, S., & Ronald, A. (2009). Association between extreme autistic traits and intellectual disability: Insights from a general population twin study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(6), 531–536.PubMedCrossRef Hoekstra, R. A., Happé, F., Baron-Cohen, S., & Ronald, A. (2009). Association between extreme autistic traits and intellectual disability: Insights from a general population twin study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 195(6), 531–536.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference ISTAT. (2003). Rapporto annuale 2002. Roma: Istituto Nazionale di statistica. ISTAT. (2003). Rapporto annuale 2002. Roma: Istituto Nazionale di statistica.
go back to reference Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., Newschaffer, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Landa, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and asperger’s syndrome from controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(5), 613–621.PubMedCrossRef Jansiewicz, E. M., Goldberg, M. C., Newschaffer, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Landa, R., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2006). Motor signs distinguish children with high functioning autism and asperger’s syndrome from controls. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(5), 613–621.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kenworthy, L., Black, D. O., Harrison, B., della Rosa, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2009). Are executive control functions related to autism symptoms in high-functioning children? Neuropsychology, 15, 425–440. Kenworthy, L., Black, D. O., Harrison, B., della Rosa, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2009). Are executive control functions related to autism symptoms in high-functioning children? Neuropsychology, 15, 425–440.
go back to reference Leary, M. R., & Hill, D. A. (1996). Moving on: Autism and movement disturbance. Mental Retardation, 34(1), 39–53.PubMed Leary, M. R., & Hill, D. A. (1996). Moving on: Autism and movement disturbance. Mental Retardation, 34(1), 39–53.PubMed
go back to reference Mandich, A. D., Polatajko, H. J., & Rodger, S. (2003). Rites of passage: Understanding participation of children with developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science, 22(4–5), 583–595.PubMedCrossRef Mandich, A. D., Polatajko, H. J., & Rodger, S. (2003). Rites of passage: Understanding participation of children with developmental coordination disorder. Human Movement Science, 22(4–5), 583–595.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Manjiviona, J., & Prior, M. (1995). Comparison of asperger syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(1), 23–39.PubMedCrossRef Manjiviona, J., & Prior, M. (1995). Comparison of asperger syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(1), 23–39.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Martin, N. C., Piek, J. P., & Hay, D. (2006). DCD and ADHD: A genetic study of their shared aetiology. Human Movement Science, 25(1), 110–124.PubMedCrossRef Martin, N. C., Piek, J. P., & Hay, D. (2006). DCD and ADHD: A genetic study of their shared aetiology. Human Movement Science, 25(1), 110–124.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Moruzzi, S., Pesenti-Gritti, P., Brescianini, S., Salemi, M., Battaglia, M., & Ogliari, A. (2010). Clumsiness and psychopathology: Causation or shared etiology? A twin study with the CBCL 6–18 questionnaire in a general school-age population sample. Human Movement Science, 29(2), 326–338.PubMedCrossRef Moruzzi, S., Pesenti-Gritti, P., Brescianini, S., Salemi, M., Battaglia, M., & Ogliari, A. (2010). Clumsiness and psychopathology: Causation or shared etiology? A twin study with the CBCL 6–18 questionnaire in a general school-age population sample. Human Movement Science, 29(2), 326–338.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Mostofsky, S. H., Powell, S. K., Simmonds, D. J., Goldberg, M. C., Caffo, B., & Pekar, J. J. (2009). Decreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance. Brain, 132, 2413–2425.PubMedCrossRef Mostofsky, S. H., Powell, S. K., Simmonds, D. J., Goldberg, M. C., Caffo, B., & Pekar, J. J. (2009). Decreased connectivity and cerebellar activity in autism during motor task performance. Brain, 132, 2413–2425.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., Xie, G., & Maes, H. (2003). Mx: Statistical modeling (6th ed.). Richmond: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth. Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., Xie, G., & Maes, H. (2003). Mx: Statistical modeling (6th ed.). Richmond: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth.
go back to reference Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer. Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
go back to reference Nelson, E. C., Hanna, G. L., Hudziak, J. J., Botteron, K. N., Heath, A. C., & Todd, R. D. (2001). Obsessive-compulsive scale of the child behavior checklist: Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive power. Pediatrics, 108(1), E14.PubMedCrossRef Nelson, E. C., Hanna, G. L., Hudziak, J. J., Botteron, K. N., Heath, A. C., & Todd, R. D. (2001). Obsessive-compulsive scale of the child behavior checklist: Specificity, sensitivity, and predictive power. Pediatrics, 108(1), E14.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ogliari, A., Citterio, A., Zanoni, A., Fagnani, C., Patriarca, V., Cirrincione, R., et al. (2006). Genetic and environmental influences on anxiety dimensions in Italian twins evaluated with the SCARED questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(6), 760–777.PubMedCrossRef Ogliari, A., Citterio, A., Zanoni, A., Fagnani, C., Patriarca, V., Cirrincione, R., et al. (2006). Genetic and environmental influences on anxiety dimensions in Italian twins evaluated with the SCARED questionnaire. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(6), 760–777.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ooi, Y. P., Rescorla, L., Ang, R. P., Woo, B., & Fung, D. S. S. (2010). Identification of autism spectrum disorders using the child behavior checklist in Singapore. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1015-x. Ooi, Y. P., Rescorla, L., Ang, R. P., Woo, B., & Fung, D. S. S. (2010). Identification of autism spectrum disorders using the child behavior checklist in Singapore. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. doi:10.​1007/​s10803-010-1015-x.
go back to reference Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Greiss-Hess, L., Herrera, A. M., Steele, J., et al. (2008). Gross motor development, movement abnormalities, and early identification of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 644–656.PubMedCrossRef Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Greiss-Hess, L., Herrera, A. M., Steele, J., et al. (2008). Gross motor development, movement abnormalities, and early identification of autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 644–656.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Piek, J. P., Dyck, M. J., Francis, M., & Conwell, A. (2007). Working memory, processing speed, and set-shifting in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49(9), 678–683.PubMedCrossRef Piek, J. P., Dyck, M. J., Francis, M., & Conwell, A. (2007). Working memory, processing speed, and set-shifting in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49(9), 678–683.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Piek, J. P., & Skinner, R. A. (1999). Timing and force control during a sequential tapping task in children with and without motor coordination problems. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 5(4), 320–329.PubMedCrossRef Piek, J. P., & Skinner, R. A. (1999). Timing and force control during a sequential tapping task in children with and without motor coordination problems. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 5(4), 320–329.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Reiersen, A. M., Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2008). Co-occurrence of motor problems and autistic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(6), 662–672.PubMedCrossRef Reiersen, A. M., Constantino, J. N., & Todd, R. D. (2008). Co-occurrence of motor problems and autistic symptoms in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(6), 662–672.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Rescorla, L. (1988). Cluster analytic identification of autistic preschoolers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18(4), 475–492.PubMedCrossRef Rescorla, L. (1988). Cluster analytic identification of autistic preschoolers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18(4), 475–492.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ronald, A., Edelson, L. R., Asherson, P., & Saudino, K. J. (2010). Exploring the relationship between autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors in early childhood: Findings from a community twin study of 2-year-olds. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 185–196.PubMedCrossRef Ronald, A., Edelson, L. R., Asherson, P., & Saudino, K. J. (2010). Exploring the relationship between autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors in early childhood: Findings from a community twin study of 2-year-olds. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 185–196.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ronald, A., Happe, F., Bolton, P., Butcher, L. M., Price, T. S., Wheelwright, S., et al. (2006a). Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: A twin study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(6), 691–699.PubMedCrossRef Ronald, A., Happe, F., Bolton, P., Butcher, L. M., Price, T. S., Wheelwright, S., et al. (2006a). Genetic heterogeneity between the three components of the autism spectrum: A twin study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(6), 691–699.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ronald, A., Happe, F., & Plomin, R. (2005). The genetic relationship between individual differences in social and nonsocial behaviours characteristic of autism. Developmental Science, 8(5), 444–458.PubMedCrossRef Ronald, A., Happe, F., & Plomin, R. (2005). The genetic relationship between individual differences in social and nonsocial behaviours characteristic of autism. Developmental Science, 8(5), 444–458.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Ronald, A., Happe, F., Price, T. S., Baron-Cohen, S., & Plomin, R. (2006b). Phenotypic and genetic overlap between autistic traits at the extremes of the general population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1206–1214.PubMedCrossRef Ronald, A., Happe, F., Price, T. S., Baron-Cohen, S., & Plomin, R. (2006b). Phenotypic and genetic overlap between autistic traits at the extremes of the general population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(10), 1206–1214.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Saudino, K. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Why are hyperactivity and academic achievement related? Child Development, 78(3), 972–986.PubMedCrossRef Saudino, K. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Why are hyperactivity and academic achievement related? Child Development, 78(3), 972–986.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Sikora, D. M., Hall, T. A., Hartley, S. L., Gerrard-Morris, A. E., & Cagle, S. (2008). Does parent report of behavior differ across ADOS-G classifications: Analysis of scores from the CBCL and GARS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 440–448.PubMedCrossRef Sikora, D. M., Hall, T. A., Hartley, S. L., Gerrard-Morris, A. E., & Cagle, S. (2008). Does parent report of behavior differ across ADOS-G classifications: Analysis of scores from the CBCL and GARS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(3), 440–448.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Spatola, C. A., Rende, R., & Battaglia, M. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6–18 DSM-oriented scales: Similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(8), 647–658.PubMedCrossRef Spatola, C. A., Rende, R., & Battaglia, M. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences upon the CBCL/6–18 DSM-oriented scales: Similarities and differences across three different computational approaches and two age ranges. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19(8), 647–658.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Stazi, M. A., Cotichini, R., Patriarca, V., Brescianini, S., Fagnani, C., D’Ippolito, C., et al. (2002). The Italian twin project: From the personal identification number to a national twin registry. Twin Research: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 5(5), 382–386. Stazi, M. A., Cotichini, R., Patriarca, V., Brescianini, S., Fagnani, C., D’Ippolito, C., et al. (2002). The Italian twin project: From the personal identification number to a national twin registry. Twin Research: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 5(5), 382–386.
go back to reference Summers, J., Larkin, D., & Dewey, D. (2008). Activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder: Dressing, personal hygiene, and eating skills. Human Movement Science, 27(2), 215–229.PubMedCrossRef Summers, J., Larkin, D., & Dewey, D. (2008). Activities of daily living in children with developmental coordination disorder: Dressing, personal hygiene, and eating skills. Human Movement Science, 27(2), 215–229.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Tantam, D. (1988). Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 245–255.PubMedCrossRef Tantam, D. (1988). Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, 245–255.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R. G. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(23), 13982–13987.PubMedCrossRef Teitelbaum, P., Teitelbaum, O., Nye, J., Fryman, J., & Maurer, R. G. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(23), 13982–13987.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Verhulst, F. C., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2004). The genetic basis of problem behavior in 5 years old Dutch twin pairs. Behavior Genetics, 34, 229–242.PubMedCrossRef Van Beijsterveldt, C. E. M., Verhulst, F. C., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Boomsma, D. I. (2004). The genetic basis of problem behavior in 5 years old Dutch twin pairs. Behavior Genetics, 34, 229–242.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Van den Oord, E. J., Pickles, A., & Waldman, I. D. (2003). Normal variation and abnormality: An empirical study of the liability distributions underlying depression and delinquency. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 180–192.PubMedCrossRef Van den Oord, E. J., Pickles, A., & Waldman, I. D. (2003). Normal variation and abnormality: An empirical study of the liability distributions underlying depression and delinquency. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 180–192.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Viding, E., & Blakemore, S. J. (2007). Endophenotype approach to developmental psychopathology: Implications for autism research. Behavioural Genetics, 37, 51–60.CrossRef Viding, E., & Blakemore, S. J. (2007). Endophenotype approach to developmental psychopathology: Implications for autism research. Behavioural Genetics, 37, 51–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Wilson, B. N., Kaplan, B. J., Crawford, S. G., Campbell, A., & Dewey, D. (2000). Reliability and validity of a parent questionnaire on childhood motor skills. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 54(5), 484–493.CrossRef Wilson, B. N., Kaplan, B. J., Crawford, S. G., Campbell, A., & Dewey, D. (2000). Reliability and validity of a parent questionnaire on childhood motor skills. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy: Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, 54(5), 484–493.CrossRef
go back to reference Wing, L. (1981). Asperger’s syndrome: A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11(1), 115–129.PubMedCrossRef Wing, L. (1981). Asperger’s syndrome: A clinical account. Psychological Medicine, 11(1), 115–129.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Nature of Covariation Between Autistic Traits and Clumsiness: A Twin Study in a General Population Sample
Auteurs
Sara Moruzzi
Anna Ogliari
Angelica Ronald
Francesca Happé
Marco Battaglia
Publicatiedatum
01-12-2011
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders / Uitgave 12/2011
Print ISSN: 0162-3257
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-3432
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1199-8

Andere artikelen Uitgave 12/2011

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 12/2011 Naar de uitgave