Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness 6/2021

25-03-2021 | ORIGINAL PAPER

The Impermanence Awareness and Acceptance Scale

Auteurs: Silvia Fernández-Campos, Pablo Roca, Mary Bit Yaden

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 6/2021

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Objectives

This research offers an operationalization of the construct impermanence, a scale to measure it, and an exploration of its relationship to mental health. The 13-item Impermanence Awareness and Acceptance Scale (IMAAS) was created to measure two factors: (1) impermanence awareness, the cognizance that all phenomena are transient, and (2) impermanence acceptance, an attitude of openness towards the transient nature of all phenomena.

Methods

Exploratory factor analysis (Study 1), confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2), and convergent and discriminant validity analyses (Study 3) were conducted. Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk. The common latent factor method was used to identify potential common factors and response biases. Configural and metric invariance test was used to validate the factor structure.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit of a 2-factor structure for the IMAAS into impermanence awareness and acceptance (GFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; NFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.43). The IMAAS showed good convergent validity with similar constructs such as death acceptance and good discriminant validity with related but different constructs such as mindfulness. Impermanence awareness and acceptance were positively correlated to psychological well-being.

Conclusions

The IMAAS is proposed as a valid tool to assess changes in impermanence awareness and acceptance. More studies are needed to validate the IMAAS across diverse cross-cultural samples and to explore its relationship to well-being.
Bijlagen
Alleen toegankelijk voor geautoriseerde gebruikers
Literatuur
go back to reference Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6.1 for Windows: Structural equation program manual. Encino: Multivariate Software, Inc.. Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6.1 for Windows: Structural equation program manual. Encino: Multivariate Software, Inc..
go back to reference Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series) (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis. Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series) (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis.
go back to reference Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2014). Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice. Routledge. Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2014). Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice. Routledge.
go back to reference Chödrön, P. (2001). The places that scare you: A guide to fearlessness in difficult times. Shambhala. Chödrön, P. (2001). The places that scare you: A guide to fearlessness in difficult times. Shambhala.
go back to reference Coleman, G., & Thupten, J. (2006). The Tibetan book of the dead: The great liberation by hearing the intermediate states. Penguin Books. Coleman, G., & Thupten, J. (2006). The Tibetan book of the dead: The great liberation by hearing the intermediate states. Penguin Books.
go back to reference Cudeck, R. (2000). Exploratory factor analysis. In H. E. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 265–296). Academic Press. Cudeck, R. (2000). Exploratory factor analysis. In H. E. Tinsley & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling (pp. 265–296). Academic Press.
go back to reference DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. DeVellis, R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
go back to reference Gaskin, J., & Lim, J. (2016). Master validity tool, AMOS plugin. Gaskination’s StatWiki. Gaskin, J., & Lim, J. (2016). Master validity tool, AMOS plugin. Gaskination’s StatWiki.
go back to reference Goldenberg, J. L., & Roberts, T. A. (2004). The beast within the beauty: An existential perspective on the objectification and condemnation of women. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology (pp. 71–85). Guilford Press. Goldenberg, J. L., & Roberts, T. A. (2004). The beast within the beauty: An existential perspective on the objectification and condemnation of women. In J. Greenberg, S. L. Koole, & T. Pyszczynski (Eds.), Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology (pp. 71–85). Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson-Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Pearson-Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Halifax, J. (2008). Being with dying. Cultivating compassion and fearlessness in the presence of death. Shambhala Publications. Halifax, J. (2008). Being with dying. Cultivating compassion and fearlessness in the presence of death. Shambhala Publications.
go back to reference Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Random House. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. Random House.
go back to reference Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press. Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
go back to reference Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing research: An applied orientation. Pearson Publishing. Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing research: An applied orientation. Pearson Publishing.
go back to reference Nhat Hanh, T. (1999). The heart of the Buddha’s teaching: Transforming suffering into peace, joy and liberation. Broadway Books. Nhat Hanh, T. (1999). The heart of the Buddha’s teaching: Transforming suffering into peace, joy and liberation. Broadway Books.
go back to reference Niemiec, C. P., Brown, K. W., Kashdan, T. B., Cozzolino, P. J., Breen, W. E., Levesque-Bristol, C., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(2), 344–365. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019388.CrossRefPubMed Niemiec, C. P., Brown, K. W., Kashdan, T. B., Cozzolino, P. J., Breen, W. E., Levesque-Bristol, C., & Ryan, R. M. (2010). Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(2), 344–365. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​a0019388.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Ostaseski, F. (2017). The five invitations: Discovering what death can teaches us about living fully. Flatiron Books. Ostaseski, F. (2017). The five invitations: Discovering what death can teaches us about living fully. Flatiron Books.
go back to reference Taku, K., Tedeschi, R. G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Krosch, D., David, G., Kehl, D., Grunwald, S., Romeo, A., Di Tella, M., Kamibeppu, K., Soejima, T., Hiraki, K., Volgin, R., Dhakal, S., Zięba, M., Ramos, C., Nunes, R., Leal, I., & Calhoun, L. G. (2020). Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) across ten countries: Global validation of the PTG-PTD theoretical model. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110222.CrossRef Taku, K., Tedeschi, R. G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Krosch, D., David, G., Kehl, D., Grunwald, S., Romeo, A., Di Tella, M., Kamibeppu, K., Soejima, T., Hiraki, K., Volgin, R., Dhakal, S., Zięba, M., Ramos, C., Nunes, R., Leal, I., & Calhoun, L. G. (2020). Posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) across ten countries: Global validation of the PTG-PTD theoretical model. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110222. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​paid.​2020.​110222.CrossRef
go back to reference Thurman, R. (1998). Inner revolution: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of real happiness. Riverhead Books. Thurman, R. (1998). Inner revolution: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of real happiness. Riverhead Books.
go back to reference Wong, P. T., Reker, G. T., & Gesser, G. (1994). Death attitude profile–revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death anxiety handbook: Research instrumentation and application (pp. 121–148). Taylor and Francis. Wong, P. T., Reker, G. T., & Gesser, G. (1994). Death attitude profile–revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death. In R. A. Neimeyer (Ed.), Death anxiety handbook: Research instrumentation and application (pp. 121–148). Taylor and Francis.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Impermanence Awareness and Acceptance Scale
Auteurs
Silvia Fernández-Campos
Pablo Roca
Mary Bit Yaden
Publicatiedatum
25-03-2021
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Mindfulness / Uitgave 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01623-7

Andere artikelen Uitgave 6/2021

Mindfulness 6/2021 Naar de uitgave