Top

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Gepubliceerd in:

22-09-2017 | ORIGINAL PAPER

The Flexible Effect of Mindfulness on Cognitive Control

Auteurs: Jen-Ho Chang, Chun-Yu Kuo, Chin-Lan Huang, Yi-Cheng Lin

Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness | Uitgave 3/2018

Abstract

Based on the dual systems of the cognitive control model, the attainment of improved well-being requires both reactive and proactive cognitive control modes. However, previous studies have shown that adults are guided by top-down cognitive control as opposed to reactive control which interferes with the ability to learn new skills and consequently leads to an inflexible mindset (including tendencies such as confirmation bias). The present study proposes that mindfulness can be a means of balancing this cognitive control system by focusing on the present moment without judgment, thereby encouraging individuals to be more flexible in using both the reactive and proactive control modes. We used the AX version of the Continuous Performance Test to display the reactive and proactive control modes, and the results revealed that both more mindful individuals (study 1) and those in a brief mindfulness manipulation group (study 2) performed better with both reactive and proactive control, whereas in individuals with less mindfulness (study 1) and those in the control groups (study 2), proactive control dominated. Our findings support the idea that mindfulness enhances both reactive and proactive control, which leads to flexible cognitive control performance.

vorige artikel Mindfulness-Based Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Parents: Direct and Long-Term Improvements

volgende artikel Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Versus Pure Cognitive Behavioural Self-Help for Perfectionism: a Pilot Randomised Study

Amer, T., Campbell, K. L., & Hasher, L. (2016). Cognitive control as a double-edged sword. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20, 905–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.10.002. CrossRefPubMed

Antonova, E., Chadwick, P., & Kumari, V. (2015). More meditation, less habituation? The effect of mindfulness practice on the acoustic startle reflex. PloS One, 10, e0123512. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123512. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: the Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104268029. CrossRefPubMed

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., et al. (2004). Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 11, 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph077. CrossRef

Braver, T. S. (2012). The variable nature of cognitive control: a dual mechanisms framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.010. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Braver, T. S., Satpute, A. B., Rush, B. K., Racine, C. A., & Barch, D. M. (2005). Context processing and context maintenance in healthy aging and early stage dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Psychology and Aging, 20, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.20.1.33. CrossRefPubMed

Braver, T. S., Paxton, J. L., Locke, H. S., & Barch, D. M. (2009). Flexible neural mechanisms of cognitive control within human prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 7351–7356. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808187106. CrossRef

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822. CrossRefPubMed

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in defining and measuring mindfulness: observations from experience. Clinical Psychology-Science and Practice, 11(3), 242–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/bph078. CrossRef

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. A., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 211–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/10478400701598298. CrossRef

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107311467. CrossRefPubMed

Chang, J. H., Lin, Y. C., & Huang, C. L. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Chinese translation of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (CMAAS). Psychological Testing, 58, 235–260.

Chang, J.-H., Huang, C.-L., & Lin, Y.-C. (2015). Mindfulness, basic psychological needs fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16, 1149–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9551-2. CrossRef

Chatham, C. H., Frank, M. J., & Munakata, Y. (2009). Pupillometric and behavioral markers of a developmental shift in the temporal dynamics of cognitive control. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 5529–5533. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810002106. CrossRef

Chiesa, A., Calati, R., & Serretti, A. (2011). Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.003. CrossRefPubMed

Chiesa, A., Serretti, A., & Jakobsen, J. C. (2012). Mindfulness: top-down or bottom-up emotion regulation strategy? Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.10.006. CrossRefPubMed

Chiew, K. S., & Braver, T. S. (2013). Temporal dynamics of motivation-cognitive control interactions revealed by high-resolution pupillometry. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00015. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Edwards, B. G., Barch, D. M., & Braver, T. S. (2010). Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 4, 32. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2010.00032. PubMedPubMedCentral

Gallant, S. N. (2016). Mindfulness meditation practice and executive functioning: breaking down the benefit. Consciousness and Cognition, 40, 116–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2016.01.005. CrossRefPubMed

Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, big five personality, and affect: a meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 805–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026. CrossRef

Greenberg, J., Reiner, K., & Meiran, N. (2012). Mind the trap: mindfulness practice reduces cognitive rigidity. PloS One, 7(5), e36206. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036206.

Grossman, P. (2011). Defining mindfulness by how poorly I think I pay attention during everyday awareness and other intractable problems for psychology's (re)invention of mindfulness: comment on Brown et al. (2011). Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1034–1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022713.

Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006. CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation—theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4, 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3. CrossRefPubMed

Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L., et al. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936–943. CrossRefPubMed

Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 467–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001. CrossRef

Kuo, C. Y., & Yeh, Y. Y. (2015). Reset a task set after five minutes of mindfulness practice. Consciousness and Cognition, 35, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.023. CrossRefPubMed

Linehan, M. M., Armstrong, H. E., Suarez, A., Allmon, D., & Heard, H. L. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060–1064. CrossRefPubMed

Ludwig, D. S., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2008). Mindfulness in medicine. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 1350–1352. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.11.1350. CrossRef

Lynch, T. R., Trost, W. T., Salsman, N., & Linehan, M. M. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 181–205. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095229. CrossRefPubMed

McHugh, L., Procter, J., Herzog, M., Schock, A. K., & Reed, P. (2012). The effect of mindfulness on extinction and behavioral resurgence. Learning and Behavior, 40, 405–415. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13420-011-0062-2. CrossRefPubMed

Moore, A., & Malinowski, P. (2009). Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility. Consciousness and Cognition, 18, 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.12.008. CrossRefPubMed

Mrazek, M. D., Smallwood, J., & Schooler, J. W. (2012). Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs. Emotion, 12, 442–448. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026678. CrossRefPubMed

Munakata, Y., Snyder, H. R., & Chatham, C. H. (2012). Developing cognitive control: three key transitions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21, 71–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412436807. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Munakata, Y., Snyder, H. R., & Chatham, C. H. (2013). Developing Cognitive Control: The Costs and Benefits of active, Abstract Representations Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology (pp. 55–90). Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Paxton, J. L., Barch, D. M., Storandt, M., & Braver, T. S. (2006). Effects of environmental support and strategy training on older adults’ use of context. Psychology and Aging, 21, 499–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.499. CrossRefPubMed

Paxton, J. L., Barch, D. M., Racine, C. A., & Braver, T. S. (2008). Cognitive control, goal maintenance, and prefrontal function in healthy aging. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 1010–1028. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhm135. CrossRefPubMed

Stillman, C. M., Feldman, H., Wambach, C. G., Howard, J. H., & Howard, D. V. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness is associated with reduced implicit learning. Consciousness and Cognition, 28, 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.07.002. CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006X.68.4.615. CrossRefPubMed

Williams, J. M. G., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2011). Mindfulness: diverse perspectives on its meaning, origins, and multiple applications at the intersection of science and dharma. Contemporary Buddhism, 12, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2011.564811. CrossRef

Titel: The Flexible Effect of Mindfulness on Cognitive Control
Auteurs: Jen-Ho Chang
Chun-Yu Kuo
Chin-Lan Huang
Yi-Cheng Lin
Publicatiedatum: 22-09-2017
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Mindfulness / Uitgave 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1868-8527
Elektronisch ISSN: 1868-8535
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0816-9

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Tip

Swipe om te navigeren naar een ander artikel

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 3/2018

Multimodal Sustained Attention Superiority in Concentrative Meditators Compared to Nonmeditators

Effects of a Brief Mindful Eating Induction on Food Choices and Energy Intake: External Eating and Mindfulness State as Moderators

Mindfulness-Based Eating and Awareness Training for Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients: a Feasibility Pilot Study

No Separation

Parent Engagement in Online Mindfulness Exercises Within a Parent Training Program for Post-Deployed Military Families

Mindfulness Enhances Change in Athletes’ Well-being: the Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs Fulfillment