Top

Gepubliceerd in:

01-02-2008 | Original Article

The Efficacy of Problem-Focused and Emotional Approach Interventions Varies as a Function of Emotional Processing Style

Auteurs: John P. Baker, Howard Berenbaum

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 1/2008

Abstract

This study examined whether individual differences in emotional processing style (e.g., attention to and clarity of emotions) moderated the effectiveness of emotional approach and problem-focused interventions. Forty-one college freshmen were randomly assigned to one of two adjustment-to-college interventions: (a) an emotional approach intervention in which participants described their feelings, the sources of these feelings, and were provided with feedback about their feelings; or (b) a problem-focused intervention in which participants discussed how to solve their problems. Positive affect, negative affect, and anhedonic depression were measured before the intervention and 2 weeks subsequent to the intervention. Dimensions of emotional processing style were assessed using self-report. Participants low in attention to emotions benefited more from the emotional approach intervention, whereas those high in attention benefited more from the problem-focused intervention.

vorige artikel A Multi-wave Web-based Evaluation of Cognitive Content Specificity for Depression, Anxiety, and Anger

volgende artikel Cognitive Reactivity, Suicidal Ideation and Future Fluency: Preliminary Investigation of a Differential Activation Theory of Hopelessness/Suicidality

To rule out the possibility that some of the findings described above (e.g., the interaction between attention and the assigned interventions) were merely artifacts of either the severity or the type (interpersonal or achievement) of the stressors individuals faced, we repeated all of the preceding HMR analyses entering the severity or type of stressor in the first step. All of the interactions that were statistically significant in the original analyses remained statistically significant when entering objectively rated stressor severity or type in the first step.

Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. A. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale—II: convergent, discriminant, & concurrent validity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 33–40.PubMedCrossRef

Baker, J. P., & Berenbaum, H. (2007). Emotion-focused and problem-focused coping: A comparision of potentially adaptive strategies. Cognition and Emotion, 21(1), 95–118.CrossRef

Billings, D. W., Folkman, S., Acree, M., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Coping and physical health during caregiving: The roles of positive and negative affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 131–142.PubMedCrossRef

Clore, G. L., Wyer, R. S., Dienes, B., Gasper, K., Gohm, C., & Isbell, L. (1998). Affective feelings as feedback: Some cognitive consequences. In L. L. Martin, & G. L. Clore (Eds.), Mood and social cognition (pp. 1–25). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Coffey, E., Berenbaum, H., & Kerns J. K. (2003). The dimensions of emotional intelligence, alexithymia, and mood awareness: Associations with personality and performance on an emotional stroop task. Cognition & Emotion, 17, 671–679.CrossRef

Cohen J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Cohen, S., Underwood, L. G., & Gottlieb, B. H. (2000). Social relationships and health. In S. Cohen, L. G. Underwood, & B. H. Gottlieb (Eds.), Social support measurement and intervention (pp. 3–29). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310–357.PubMedCrossRef

Coyne, J., Aldwin, C., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981). Depression and coping in stressful episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 439–447.PubMedCrossRef

Coyne, J. C., & Racioppo, M. W. (2000). Closing the gap between coping research and clinical intervention research. The American Psychologist, 55, 655–664.PubMedCrossRef

Dunkel-Schetter, C., Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1987). Correlates of social support receipt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 71–80.PubMedCrossRef

D’Zurilla, T. J., & Chang, E. C. (1995). The relations between social problem solving and coping. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 547–562.CrossRef

Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 844–854.PubMedCrossRef

Feldman Barett, L., Gross, J. J., Christensen, T. C., & Benvenuto, M. (2001). Knowing what you’re feeling and knowing what to do about it: Mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 713–724.CrossRef

Folkman, S., & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. The American Psychologist, 55, 647–654.PubMedCrossRef

Gohm, C. L., & Clore, G. L. (2000). Individual differences in emotional experience: Mapping available scales to processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 679–697.CrossRef

Gohm, C. L, & Clore, G. L. (2002). Four latent traits of emotional experience and their involvement in well-being, coping, and attributional style. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 495–518.CrossRef

Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Emotion-focused therapy: Coaching clients to work through their feelings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Greenberg, L. S., & Watson, J. C. (2006). Emotion-focused therapy for depression. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988). Social relationships and health. Science, 241, 540–545.PubMedCrossRef

King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 864–877.PubMedCrossRef

Langens, T. A., & Schuler, J. (2005). Written emotional expression and emotional well-being: The moderating role of fear of rejection. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 818–830.PubMedCrossRef

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.

Lumley, M. A. (2004). Alexithymia, emotional disclosure, and health: A program of research. Journal of Personality, 72, 830–860.CrossRef

Lutgendorf, S. K., & Antoni, M. H. (1999). Emotional and cognitive processing in a trauma disclosure paradigm. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 23, 423–440.CrossRef

Moskowitz, J. T., Folkman, S., Collette, L., & Vittinghoff, E. (1996). Coping and mood during AIDS-related caregiving and bereavement. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18, 49–57.CrossRef

Nezu, A. M., & Nezu, C. M. (1991). Clinical decision making in behavior therapy: A problem-solving perspective. Champaign, IL: Research Press.

Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., McClure, K. S., Felgoise, S. H., & Houts, P. S. (2003). Project genesis: Assessing the efficacy of problem-solving therapy for distressed cancer patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 1036–1048.PubMedCrossRef

Nezu, A. M., Nezu, C. M., & Perri, M. G. (1989). Problem-solving therapy for depression. New York: Wiley.

Nitschke, J. B., Heller, W., Imig, J. C., McDonald, R. P., & Miller, G. A. (2001). Distinguishing dimensions of anxiety and depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25, 1–22.CrossRef

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J. (1994). Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 92–104.PubMedCrossRef

Paez, D., Basabe, N., Valdoseda, M., Velasco, C., & Iraurgi, I. (1995). Confrontation: Inhibition, alexithymia, and health. In J. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, & health (pp. 195–222). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Paez, D., Velasco, C., & Gonzalez, J. L. (1999). Expressive writing and the role of alexythimia as a dispositional deficit in self-disclosure and psychological health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 630–641.PubMedCrossRef

Park, C. L., & Blumberg, C. J. (2002). Disclosing trauma through writing: Testing the meaning-making hypothesis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 597–616.CrossRef

Pennebaker, J. W., & Francis, M. E. (1996). Cognitive, emotional, and language processes in disclosure. Cognition & Emotion, 10, 601–626.CrossRef

Revenson, T. A., & Felton, B. J. (1989). Disability and coping as predictors of psychological adjustment to rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 344–348.PubMedCrossRef

Safran, J. D., & Greenberg, L. S. (1991). Emotion, psychotherapy, and change. New York: Guilford.

Salano, L., Donati, V., Pecci, F., Persichetti, S., & Colaci, A. (2003). Postoperative course after papilloma resection: Effects of written disclosure of the experience in subjects with different alexithymia levels. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 477–484.CrossRef

Salovey, P., Bedell, B. T., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (1999). Coping intelligently: Emotional intelligence and the coping process. In C. R. Synder (Eds.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 141–164). New York: Oxford University Press.

Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the trait meta-mood scale. In J. Pennebaker (Eds.), Emotion, Disclosure, & Health (pp. 125–154). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 174–184.PubMedCrossRef

Stanton, A. L., Danoff-Burg, S., Cameron, C. L., & Ellis, A. P. (1994). Coping through emotional approach: Problems of conceptualization and confounding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 350–362.PubMedCrossRef

Stanton, A. L., Kirk, S. B., Cameron, C. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: Scale construction and validation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1150–1169.PubMedCrossRef

Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 247–259.CrossRef

Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1991). ‘The Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire’. Unpublished manuscript, University of Iowa.

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346–353.PubMedCrossRef

Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.PubMedCrossRef

Watson, D., Weber, K., Assenheimer, J. S., Clark, L. A., Strauss, M. E., & McCormick, R. A. (1995). Testing a tripartite model: I. Evaluating the convergent and discriminant validity of anxiety and depression symptom scales. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 3–14.PubMedCrossRef

Titel: The Efficacy of Problem-Focused and Emotional Approach Interventions Varies as a Function of Emotional Processing Style
Auteurs: John P. Baker
Howard Berenbaum
Publicatiedatum: 01-02-2008
Uitgeverij: Springer US
Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-007-9129-y

Bohn Stafleu van Loghum

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

Abstract

Log in om toegang te krijgen

Andere artikelen Uitgave 1/2008

Thought Suppression Confronting a Reminder Stimulus: An Effective Strategy for the Management of Intrusive Thoughts?

A Multi-wave Web-based Evaluation of Cognitive Content Specificity for Depression, Anxiety, and Anger

Depression, Neuroticism, and Mood-regulation Expectancies for Engagement and Disengagement Coping Among Cigarette Smokers

Differences in Automatic Thoughts Presented During Sexual Activity Between Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men and Women

An Examination of Anxiety Sensitivity as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Smoking Level and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Trauma-Exposed Adults

An Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Consequences of Worry Scale (COWS)