Skip to main content
Top
Gepubliceerd in:

18-06-2024 | Original Article

The Effects of Affective Expectations on Willingness to Expend Cognitive Effort in Dysphoric and Non-Dysphoric Individuals

Auteurs: Sarah J. Horne, Leanne Quigley

Gepubliceerd in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Uitgave 6/2024

Log in om toegang te krijgen
share
DELEN

Deel dit onderdeel of sectie (kopieer de link)

  • Optie A:
    Klik op de rechtermuisknop op de link en selecteer de optie “linkadres kopiëren”
  • Optie B:
    Deel de link per e-mail

Abstract

Purpose

Reduced motivation to expend cognitive effort is a clinically relevant but understudied feature of depression. Preliminary research indicates that depressed and dysphoric individuals may be less willing to expend cognitive effort for reward than non-depressed individuals. However, the extent to which this is due to reduced expectations of reward, and whether willingness to expend effort can be increased by altering affective expectations of reward, are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dysphoria, anhedonia, and affective expectations on cognitive effort expenditure for reward.

Methods

Dysphoric (n = 85) and non-dysphoric participants (n = 79) were randomly assigned to either a high expectancy condition designed to increase individuals’ expectations of a reward that could be earned during a cognitive effort progressive ratio task or a neutral expectancy condition that did not attempt to alter expectations. Expected pleasure ratings were collected, and then participants completed the cognitive effort progressive ratio task.

Results and Conclusions

The expectancy manipulation was unsuccessful, but we found that dysphoria group interacted with participants’ self-reported expectations of pleasure to predict their cognitive effort expenditure. Within the dysphoric group, higher expectations of pleasure were significantly associated with greater effort. In contrast, within the non-dysphoric group, effort was relatively high regardless of expectations. Anhedonia further moderated this relationship; in the dysphoric group, the relationship between expected pleasure and effort expenditure weakened as anhedonia increased. Implications for the treatment of depression are discussed.
Literatuur
go back to reference Admon, R., Kaiser, R. H., Dillon, D. G., Beltzer, M., Goer, F., Olson, D. P., Vitaliano, G., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2017). Dopaminergic enhancement of striatal response to reward in major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 378–386.CrossRefPubMed Admon, R., Kaiser, R. H., Dillon, D. G., Beltzer, M., Goer, F., Olson, D. P., Vitaliano, G., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2017). Dopaminergic enhancement of striatal response to reward in major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 378–386.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Author. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Author.
go back to reference Craske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., Dour, H., & Rosenfield, D. (2019). Positive affect treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial for a core feature of anhedonia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(5), 457–471. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000396 Craske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., Dour, H., & Rosenfield, D. (2019). Positive affect treatment for depression and anxiety: A randomized clinical trial for a core feature of anhedonia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(5), 457–471. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​ccp0000396
go back to reference Farmer, R. F., & Chapman, A. L. (2016). Behavioral activation. Behavioral interventions in cognitive behavior therapy: Practical guidance for putting theory into action (2nd ed., pp. 245–268). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14691. Farmer, R. F., & Chapman, A. L. (2016). Behavioral activation. Behavioral interventions in cognitive behavior therapy: Practical guidance for putting theory into action (2nd ed., pp. 245–268). American Psychological Association. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​14691.
go back to reference Hallford, D. J., & Austin, D. W. (2022). Wanting and liking: Testing the factor structure of the temporal experience of pleasure scale in major depression and community samples. Assessment, 29(5), 1033–1044.CrossRefPubMed Hallford, D. J., & Austin, D. W. (2022). Wanting and liking: Testing the factor structure of the temporal experience of pleasure scale in major depression and community samples. Assessment, 29(5), 1033–1044.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Lopez-Gamundi, P., & Wardle, M. C. (2018). The cognitive effort expenditure for rewards task (C-EEfRT): A novel measure of willingness to expend cognitive effort. Psychological Assessment, 30(9), 1237–1248. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000563 Lopez-Gamundi, P., & Wardle, M. C. (2018). The cognitive effort expenditure for rewards task (C-EEfRT): A novel measure of willingness to expend cognitive effort. Psychological Assessment, 30(9), 1237–1248. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1037/​pas0000563
go back to reference Martell, C. R., Dimidjian, S., & Herman-Dunn, R. (2013). Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide. Guilford Press. Martell, C. R., Dimidjian, S., & Herman-Dunn, R. (2013). Behavioral activation for depression: A clinician’s guide. Guilford Press.
go back to reference Navarro, D. J. (2015). Learning statistics with R: A tutorial for psychology students and other beginners. (Version 0.6) University of New South Wales. Sydney, Australia. Navarro, D. J. (2015). Learning statistics with R: A tutorial for psychology students and other beginners. (Version 0.6) University of New South Wales. Sydney, Australia.
go back to reference Pegg, S., & Kujawa, A. (2020). The effects of a brief reward manipulation on reward responsiveness: A multi-method study with implications for depression. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 150, 100–107. 10.1016.j.ijpsycho.2020.02.004.CrossRefPubMed Pegg, S., & Kujawa, A. (2020). The effects of a brief reward manipulation on reward responsiveness: A multi-method study with implications for depression. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 150, 100–107. 10.1016.j.ijpsycho.2020.02.004.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Quigley, L., & Dobson, K. S. (2017). Behavioral activation treatments for depression. The science of cognitive behavioral therapy (pp. 291–318). Academic. Quigley, L., & Dobson, K. S. (2017). Behavioral activation treatments for depression. The science of cognitive behavioral therapy (pp. 291–318). Academic.
go back to reference Quigley, L., Wright, C. A., Dobson, K. S., & Sears, C. R. (2017). Measuring attentional control ability or beliefs? Evaluation of the factor structure and convergent validity of the attentional control scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39(4), 742–754.CrossRef Quigley, L., Wright, C. A., Dobson, K. S., & Sears, C. R. (2017). Measuring attentional control ability or beliefs? Evaluation of the factor structure and convergent validity of the attentional control scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39(4), 742–754.CrossRef
go back to reference Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. (2014). Cognitive impairment in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(10), 2029–2040.CrossRefPubMed Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. (2014). Cognitive impairment in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(10), 2029–2040.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Serra-Blasco, M., Torres, I. J., Vicent-Gil, M., Goldberg, X., Navarra-Ventura, G., Aguilar, E., & Cardoner, N. (2019). Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognition in major depressive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(1), 46–56.CrossRefPubMed Serra-Blasco, M., Torres, I. J., Vicent-Gil, M., Goldberg, X., Navarra-Ventura, G., Aguilar, E., & Cardoner, N. (2019). Discrepancy between objective and subjective cognition in major depressive disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(1), 46–56.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-. Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer-.
Metagegevens
Titel
The Effects of Affective Expectations on Willingness to Expend Cognitive Effort in Dysphoric and Non-Dysphoric Individuals
Auteurs
Sarah J. Horne
Leanne Quigley
Publicatiedatum
18-06-2024
Uitgeverij
Springer US
Gepubliceerd in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Uitgave 6/2024
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronisch ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-024-10503-y